Пособия / Л.П. Даниленко, Ю.Ю. Сильман TECHNICAL ENGLISH FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS AND STRUCTURAL DESIGNERS
.pdfclimbing equipment – подъёмное оборудование posts – стойки, опоры
hoist – лебёдка
EXERCISES
Ex. 1. Match the terms with their definitions.
1. |
IT |
a) artificial intelligence |
2. |
AI |
b) a series of arms and joints |
3. |
A robot |
c) a seriesof hydraulics,suspensions, |
|
|
electronicelements |
4. |
An engine |
d) people’ssupervisionandoverseeing |
5. A data receiver |
e) a complexcomputerizedmachine |
|
6. |
A construction elevator |
f) information technologies |
7. |
A component |
g) a motor that allows a machine |
|
|
to move and act |
8. |
A robot’s structure |
h) a part or an element to construct |
|
|
or assemble something |
9. |
Arobot’smusclesystem |
i) a climbing equipment |
10. A human assistance |
j) anelementthatallowsamachineto |
|
|
|
see,hear,taste,smell |
Ex. 2. Find the phrase in text 9 to complete the following sentences.
1.These days robots are extremely…
2.Robotscancarryoutcomplexoperationsbuttheycanalso…
3.The level of AI determines…
4.The world’s famous system of reinforced concrete building is called…
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5.The most important component to create a robot is…
6.Robots’ muscle system is made of …
7.Robots’ data receivers act like …
Ex. 3. Answer the following questions.
1.What language did the term “robot” come from? What does it mean?
2.Who invented this word?
3.Do modern building robots still look like humanoids? How do they look like?
4.What are the specific requirements for robots used in construction industry?
5.What sort of work can building robots do?
6.What are robots governed by?
7.Are robots really intelligent now days? Give an example to prove your answer.
8.What elements does a robot consist of?
Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
1.Первые роботы появились в начале прошлого века
впьесе чешского драматурга Карела Чапека. Книга посвящена взаимоотношениям человека и созданной им машины.
2.В чешском языке слово “робот” означает “каторга, тяжелая физическая работа”.
3.Современные строительные роботы не похожи на человека-машину, обычно они состоят из однойогромной “руки”, что повышает эффективность их работы.
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4.Роботысостоятизтехжеэлементов, чтоилюбая сложнаямашина.
5.Современные роботы могут выполнять самые разнообразные задания, начиная с простейших (подъем грузов, сборка) и заканчивая сложными аналитическими заданиями.
6.Современные роботы имеют целый набор передатчиков информации, которые позволяют машиневидеть, слышать, осязать, и даже ощущать вкус и запахи.
FOR SELF-EXAMINATION
TEST (part I)
1.Structural engineering is a branch of
a)material engineering
b)civil engineering
2.Structural engineering covers
a)planning, designing, constructing different kinds of buildings
b)studying structural materials, water supply, air pollution
3.Structural engineers’ work is
a)routine and mechanical
b)creative and responsible
4.Art galleries, museums, cafes are referred to
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a)social structures
b)residential structures
5.Aesthetic aspect is more important for
a)exhibition halls and galleries
b)factories and plants
6.When making a project a structural engineer
a)works alone
b)works in a team and needs advice and assistance of different specialists (architects, consultants, contractors)
7.Quality of construction, architecture and appearance are the top priority for
a)monumental buildings
b)warehouses
8.Functional requirement is the top priority for
a)a theatre
b)a hospital
9.Design of a foundation, frame structure, estimation of loads are discussed at the stage of
a)detailed designing
b)preliminary designing
10.In construction industry novelty is
a)always desirable
b)forbidden
11.Computer simulation
a)gives great assistance in designing process
b)prevents from making correct decisions
12.The matter of demolition of a building in the future
a)isn’t mentioned at the planning stage
b)is always taken into account
13.“A safe building” means a structure that
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a)gives comfort and cosiness
b)protects from radiation, high or low temperature and natural disasters
14.Whileconstructingweatherandenvironmentalconditions
a)should be always considered
b)don’t influence the final result
15.From English the term “3D” means
a)three dimensions of an object
b)three directions of the movement
16.In modern designing 3D-visualization is
a)an ordinary, widely used service
b)an exclusive, very expensive service.
17.Working with visual material is easier and more convenient
a)only for designers
b)both for engineers and customers
18.3D-modeling
a)simplifies calculations, reduces work time, improves understanding
b)complicates calculations, makes the cost of prototyping higher
19.Computer-aided design AutoCad was developed
a)at the beginning of the 21-st century
b)in 1980s
20.First large scale experiments in robotics started in
a)1990s
b)1960s
21.Development in automation and robotics in construction industry was prompted by the shortage of
a)skilled personnel and big volume of hard work
b)hardphysicalworkandthesurplusofqualified staff
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22.Automation and robotics in construction are opening new opportunities
a)only for engineers and designers
b)both for specialists in construction and customers
23.The need for construction industry in automation is
a)doubtful
b)doubtless
24.The leading position of Japan in civil engineering is explained by
a)entirely automated and computer-controlled constructing
b)favorable climate and geological conditions
25.Automation
a)minimizes labour cost and eliminates injuries.
b)increases time of construction and causes tragic accidents
26.In modern construction robots look like
a)a huge arm
b)a humanoid machine
27.Robots are governed by
a)a power cell
b)artificial intelligence
28.Up-to-date computerized machines can
a)perform simple repetitive actions
b)carry out complex analytical tasks
29.The muscle system of robots works similarly as
a)a human body
b)a computer
30.The element stimulatingarobotthestimulationtomove is
a)a power cell
b)a data receiver
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ROLE PLAYING
Build your city.
The first stage. Give the name to your new city.
The group is divided into teams of 4-6 students. The aim for each team is to “build” a new logically-organized modern city. At this stage groups choose names for their cities.
The second stage. Urban project.
The team members should develop the project of building the city using spatial layouts or drawing paper and pencils and agree among themselves which objects are to be built in the
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city. The project should meet all the requirements applied to urban development in the XXI century.
The third stage. My city.
After the city was built, each team member tries to formulate the logic of urban development and tells what objects are erected in the city explaining their position towards each other.
The fourth stage. The arbitrator calls the best project.
The arbiter, selected in advance, valuates all the submitted projects and calls the best one. When making a decision, the arbiter should take into consideration:
the overall impression of the city project (0 –5 points);
the best city’s name (0 – 2 points);
the expediency of various facilities construction (0 – 3 points);
the logic of urban development (0 – 4 points);
the presence of such important objects of a city infrastructure like a highway, an airport, a railway station, a prison, a city dump and others (1 point for each object).
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PART II
BUILDING MATERIALS
Words to be remembered:
brick – кирпич stone – камень
crushed stone – щебень sand – песок sandstone – песчаник lime – известь limestone – известняк clay – глина
cement – цемент concrete – бетон reinforcement – арматура
reinforced concrete – железобетон
prestressed concrete – предварительно напряженный бетон prefabricated concrete – бетон заводского изготовления
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timber – древесина; пиломатериал
laminate – ламинат, многослойный материал plastics – пластмасса, пластик
ceramics – керамика, керамические изделия gravel – гравий
granite – гранит steel – сталь marble – мрамор glass – стекло
glass brick – стеклоблок, стеклянный строительный кирпич aggregate / filler – заполнитель
alloy – сплав mixture – смесь
mortar – строительный раствор density – плотность
property – свойство
ductility – пластичность; вязкость heat insulation – теплоизоляция sound insulation – звукоизоляция porosity – пористость
watertight – водонепроницаемый artificial – искусственный
fire-resistant – жароупорный, несгораемый, огнестойкий flexible – гибкий, эластичный, упругий
binding – вяжущий (материал)
curing – выдерживание/вызревание бетона bearing structure – несущая конструкция hardness – твердость, прочность
to fasten – скреплять, закреплять to decay – гнить, разрушаться to harden – твердеть
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