- •Intermediate position
- •Mongol invasion of Russia
- •Fighting Western Aggression. Battle on the Ice.
- •Topic III. Formation of the centralized Russian state (Muscovy)
- •Structural and chronological schemes
- •Formation of a unified centralized state
- •1389-1425 Year - Василий I
- •Ivan III (1462-1505)
- •Orises ann uscoto state
- •The fight of russia with the golden horde
- •Bloodless standing on the Ugra river in 1480
- •Topic IV. Russia during the reign of Ivan IV. Plan
- •Reforms of the Chosen are glad
- •A streltsy army is being formed
- •Robe mohaxob oprichniks reminded
- •1552 - 1557 - Entry into the composition of Russia lands
- •Taking of the kazan khanate
- •Intervention
- •Crop failure 1601-1603 Rise of the Cotton
- •The coming to power of False Dmitry 1
- •Guided movement
- •I. I. Bolotnikova
- •False Dmitry II. Covert intervention
- •End of False Dmitry II. Polish and Swedish intervention
- •1 Ополчение
- •The main task of the government of Mikhail Fedorovich is to eliminate the consequences of the intervention.
- •Board of Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov
- •Тема 2. Россия в «Эпоху дворцовых переворотов».
- •Domestic policy
- •Reforms of Alexander I 1801 – 1825 year
- •Внешняя политика Александра I
- •12/14/1825-Decembrist uprising on Senate Square
- •II. Taxable population
- •1.Privileged population
- •1853-1856 Year
- •Foreign policy
- •II. Independent work for module I:
- •1. Make a chronological table "Russian princes in the IX-XI centuries."
- •2. Make a table by types of religions - analysis of religions when choosing a mono religion by Vladimir I.
- •1. Fill in the structural-logical table "Alternatives to political development in the process of feudal fragmentation"
- •Tasks for independent work for theme 3:
- •1. Fill in the chronological table "Reforms in Russia in the era of Ivan the Terrible".
- •2. List the dates, the main foreign policy actions of Ivan IV.
- •Independent work for module II
- •1. Fill in the chronological table "Russia in the first half of the 18th century."
- •1. Fill in the table with the main directions of foreign policy in the "era of palace coups"
- •1. Make a table of the main battles of the Patriotic War of 1812 year
- •1. Fill in the table "6 departments of the Office of His Imperial Majesty"
STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
HIGHER EDUCATION
"ROSTOV STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY"
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
И.Е. Абрамова
Ю.А. Гуркина
HISTORY
GUIDE
ON THE COURSE OF THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA
FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS
TEACHING AND METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE
WITH STRUCTURAL-CHRONOLOGICAL SCHEMES
PART I
STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
HIGHER EDUCATION
"ROSTOV STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY"
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
RUSSIAN HISTORY
TEACHING AND METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE
WITH STRUCTURAL-CHRONOLOGICAL SCHEMES
FOR ENGLISH SPEAKING STUDENTS
PART I
Rostov-on-Don
2020
The educational and methodological manual highlights the problems of the development of our state that are relevant for the history of Russia in a historical retrospective, which will help foreign students to adapt in the historical space of Russian society.
The purpose of the manual is to ensure that students master the discipline "History" at a higher theoretical level, to show the organic relationship of Russian and world history with examples from different eras.
In the textbook, the history of Russia is presented in structural and chronological diagrams. It is written in accordance with new educational standards, taking into account the latest materials and facts accumulated by historical science.
Addressed to foreign students of Rostov State Medical University, everyone interested in the problems of the historical development of Russia.
© ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ, 2020
CONTENT 1. Plans of seminars. Structural-chronological schemes …………………………………………………………… .p.5-58 2. Independent work ……………………………………… .p.59-64 3. Themes of projects ……………………………………………… .p.64 4. Questions to control knowledge ………………………………. .s. 64-65 5. List of recommended literature ………………………… .p.65 |
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WORKSHOP PLANS
MODULE I. Ancient Russia and Muscovy (IX-XVI centuries)
TOPIC I. Ancient Russia (IX-XII centuries)
mid-15th century)
PLAN
1. Formation of the Old Russian state. Norman theory. The formation of an early feudal monarchy:
a) features of the socio-economic development of Ancient Russia
in the 9th - 11th centuries;
b) the political system of Kievan Rus in the 9th - 11th centuries;
2. The adoption of Christianity and its impact on the historical fate of Russia.
PROBLEM OF THE FIRST QUESTION:
1. Norman and Slavic theories of the formation of the ancient Russian state, their modern assessments.
2. The main stages of the formation of the ancient Russian state. The policy of the first princes of the Rurik dynasty.
3. Social differentiation of Kiev society.
4. Formation of an early feudal monarchy.
PROBLEM OF THE SECOND QUESTION:
1. What were the political motives and social preconditions for the adoption of Christianity?
2. The formation of the Orthodox tradition in Russia. Christianity and paganism; double faith.3. Какие религии могли быть приняты Владимиром? Почему принято православие? Какие исторические события способствовали принятию православия?
3. What religions could have been accepted by Vladimir? Why is Orthodoxy accepted? What historical events contributed to the adoption of Orthodoxy?
4. What political, spiritual, cultural influence did the church have on the life of the state?
Structural and chronological schemes
18th century - Bayer, Miller, Schleper (German scientists) invited to the RAS - studied
“The Tale of Bygone Years” (monk Nestor), created the “Norman theory”: the Eastern Slavs are wild people, they could not create their own state, so the Vikings (Normans) did it for them.
critic - M.V. Lomonosov - the Eastern Slavs had all the prerequisites for creation of the state:
-Property inequality has appeared;
-Social inequality has emerged
Now:
-Norman theory explains the origin of the Rurik dynasty in Russian spone,
-The Eastern Slavs had the preconditions for the creation of a state (there were already proto-states of the image;
-The Varangians played an active role in the collection of the Russian lands.
1.
945г. On the way home, Igor led an unexpected schedule: "Thinking, told his squad or a tribute to home, and I will return and put it yet. And let his home let go home, and the squad itself returned with a small part, wanting more wealth. Trees, hearing what goes again. I kept the advice with the prince with my small: if the Wolf Wolf will be happy, it will fall out everything. until it kill him; There this: if you don't kill it, then we will destroy us "[...] and the rall, the second of the city of the eraser, killed Igor and together, because there were few of them. And Igor
912 years - Igor comes to power:
944 years - a campaign against Byzantium and the signing of a new less profitable treaty;
945 years - the uprising of the Drevlyans - they refused to pay tribute to Igor again - invited to a gathering (polyudye) - killed;
Northern Slavs - the center of Novgorod, "The Tale of Bygone Years": the northern tribes decided to unite - they could not choose a leader - they decided to invite from the outside - the Varangian-warlike neighbors, does not belong to any tribe.
862 years RURIK came to Northern Russia (brothers Sineus and Truvor, later transferred as a house and squad) with him came the adopted boy Igor.
- 879 years - OLEG (Prophetic): 882 year march to Kiev and capture (disguised soldiers as merchants. Captured Dir and Askold). United South and North Slavs, capital Kiev; FORMATION OF KIEV RUSSIA.
- 907 n 911 years - campaigns on Constantinople - written agreements - included in the Kievan Rus - Drevlyans, northerners, Ryadimich
Southern Slavs - the center of Kiev, the ruling dynasty of Knya (Shchok and Khoriv and sister Lybed or Polovtsy, or glade); was captured by the Varangians Dir and Askold
EDUCATION OF KIEV RUSSIA
VIII century - the Arabian chronicle - describes three associations: Kuyaba center Kiev;
- Slavia is the center of Novgorod,
- Artannya center Ryazan ????
- IX century - two large formations among the Eastern Slavs:
945 year - the reign of his wife Olga:
- took revenge on the Drevlyans (Prince Mala) for the death of her husband;
- arranged the collection of tribute - established a "guest house" - a place for collecting tribute and (lessons "- the amount of tribute,
- annexed to Kiev - the land of the Tivertsy, the Uliches, and finally the Drevlyans;
the first Orthodox ruler in Kievan Rus;
According to the PVL, this happened in 955 in Constantinople, Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus with the Patriarch (Theophylact) was baptized by Olgulichno: "And she was baptized with the name Helen, like the ancient queen mother of Emperor Constantine 1."
In 1547 Olga was canonized as a saint equal to the apostles
972 year- Yaropolk - eldest son of Svyatoslav - civil strife between brothers - murder of Drevlyan prince Oleg - fight with Vladimir - death of Yaropolk;
980 - Vladimir came to power:
- annexed - vyatichi, lands on both sides of the Carpathians, Chervlensk cities
1015 - 1019 гг. - Святополк; 1019 - 1054 гг. - Ярослав Мудрый
Two armies of Ярослава and Святополка met on the Alt River in 1019. During the battle, Svyatopolk was forced to retreat, but was overtaken by one of the Varangians, who delivered his head to Yaroslav.
-1030 -defeated the Chud and founded the city of Yuryev.
-In 1036 he defeated the Pechenegs and this
freed Russia from their raids. Yaroslav built the Kiev Church of St. Sophia, which he decorated with magnificent frescoes and mosaics. He built new stone walls in Kiev, having arranged in them the famous Golden Gate, and above them - the Church of the Annunciation.
• The first Russian monasteries appeared. In 1030 Ярослава founded the monasteries of St. George.
• The book was translated, the first library appeared. He published the Church ustab and "Russian Truth" - SBOD
laws of ancient Russian feudal law. -In 1028, the first school was created in Novgorod,
• Under Yaroslav Mutrom, coins appeared with the inscription “Yaroslavl silver with the image of Jesus Christ and Saint George the Victorious, patron of Yaroslav. In 1054, the first Russian Metropolitan Illarion stood at the head of the church.
Social development of ancient Russia
POPULATION
FREE
Intermediate position
DEPENDENT
Purchases - borrowed Ryadovichi should pay - from the word "row" - borrowed
had to work
Slaves
slaves formed at the expense of prisoners of war, at the expense of
fellow tribesmen paid the debt
Boyars - privileged a group of people,
and owners:
Peasants - obshninikn- pay tribute
To the Kiev prince
Paid the debt
Debt unpaid
The political system of Kievan Rus in the 9th - 11th centuries.
Prince
Prince's Council
DVORPOV-patrimonial system management
Courtyard
Patrimony
The voivode led the army of the principality Dvoretsky - HEAD the princely court Court servants - were in charge of certain branches of the economy
Various servants (hyunas)
Viceroy - sprinkled with
prince Volostels
did not receive salaries at the expense of feeding
2.
Acceptance of Christianity
in Russia by Vladimir in the X century.
Reasons
for religious reforming:
- Strengthen the prince's part
- Consolidate the people
The
first stage of religious reform is based on mono-religions. Legend
"The Tale of Bygone Years" - Vladimir sends an embassy to
different countries with the purpose of studying religions:
- Islam
(Islam) -
HYDARSM
- Orthodox
CHRISTIANITY -
Catholicism
Historical
events preceding the adoption of Orthodoxy: -Events in Byzantium -
the uprising led by Varda Phoca,
Vasily II
turned to Vladimir for help, in return he promised to give his
sister to his wife
Anny, march
to Korsun (Chersonesos) and taking it;
baptism of
Vladimir and his springs, to marry Anna
The stage of religious reform is based on paganism. The most popular are selected from the pagan gods - at the head of the pagan god Perun
BAPTISM OF KIEVLYAN
Returning to Kiev, accompanied by Korsun and Greek priests, Vladimir baptized his sons from previous wives in a source known in Kiev as Khreshchatyk. Many boyars followed them. The mass baptism of the Kievites took place at the confluence of the Pochayna River into the Dnieper. The chronicles read: “The very next day Vladimir went out with the priests of the Tsaritsin and Korsuns to the Dnieper, and there were no number of people. They entered the water and stood there alone up to their necks, others up to their breasts, small children near the shore up to their breasts, some held babies , and already the adults wandered, the priests were making prayers, standing still ... "This most important event has taken place. according to the chronicleroni, in 988 year.
THEME II. Russian territories in the process of feudal fragmentation (XIII-XV centuries)
1. Feudal fragmentation of Russia: the main centers of the chronological framework, prerequisites and consequences (XIII-XV centuries)
2. The struggle of Russia against foreign invaders. Mongol invasion and its consequences. The system of Horde domination. The problem of Horde domination in literature.
3. The struggle of Russia against Western aggression in the XIII century.
PROBLEM OF THE FIRST QUESTION:
1. The reasons for the feudal fragmentation of the Old Russian state?
2. The main centers of feudal fragmentation?
3. Positive and negative consequences of feudal fragmentation.
PROBLEM OF THE SECOND QUESTION:
1. Mongolian state. Establishment of Mongol rule.
2. The reasons for the defeat of the principalities of Russia in the fight against the invaders.
3. How was the power of the Golden Horde exercised over Russia?
PROBLEM OF THE THIRD QUESTION:
1. Causes of Western aggression in the Baltic States?
2. Reflection of expansion from the northwest - the battle on the Neva River and Lake Peipsi.
Structural and chronological schemes
1.
1. Two systems of succession to the throne: ladder (to the eldest in the family) and direct (from father to eldest son) - the struggle between relatives, weakened the princely power;
2. Strengthening the local boyars (development of the patrimonial system of land tenure) - the boyars were the owners of the land, economically they did not depend on the prince, therefore they strove for political separatism;
3. The natural character of the economy. the patrimonials produced everything they needed on their own farm;
4. Parallelism of the control system - the palace-fiefdom control system, everything that was in the center was duplicated on the ground
5. Popular performances were of a local nature.
FEUDAL DISTRIBUTION IS A LEGAL STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEUDALISM
Reasons for feudal fragmentation:
Negative values:
Civil strife:
Weakening of the country.
Foreign policy dangers to
each county.
Positive values:
Let's pour the economy.
Growth in the number of cities.
The flourishing of culture,
Local political stabilization
MAIN CENTERS OF FEUDAL DISTRIBUTION
Kievan Rus
Novgorod Republic: Main governing body: VECHE; Veche chose:
1. Posadnik - commanded city affairs;
2.Tysyatsky - issues of trade and militia, merchant church, headedcourt:
3 Archbishop - head Boyar Council (prepared projects for Veche), was in charge of the treasury, the seal:
4. The prince was invited from the outside, headed by a friend
Galicia-Volyn principality: Geographer. position: From the Carpathians to Polesie, rivers: Pripyat, Dniester, Bout; handicraft, agriculture, and trade are developing. Polit. development:
-Developing patrimonial land tenure;
-The strong boyars came into conflict with the prince - a constant struggle between them. Ser. XIII century .. Volyn Lithuania, Galich - Poland.
Vladimir Principality of
Suzdal: Geographer. position: In the interfluve of the Oka and
Volga; agriculture, trade, and handicraft are developing.
Completely
Local land tenure is developing;
-Strong power of the prince
- After death
Vsevoloda Bolshoye
Nest-feudal fragmentation within the principality
2.