8708

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4.отдаленные результаты (2)

5.тип мышления (2)

6.понять (2)

7.растущий общественный интерес (3)

8.решение экологических проблем (4)

Ex.2 Pay attention to the pronunciation of the words, find them in the text and

translate.

chemistry [ˈkemɪstrɪ] abundant [əˈbʌndənt]

heart [hɑːt]

disease [dɪˈziːz]

threaten [θretn]

supply [səˈplaɪ]

society [səˈsaɪətɪ]

knowledge [ˈnɔlɪʤ]

inherently [ɪnˈhɪərəntlɪ]

environmental [ɪnvaɪərənˈmentl]

irreversibly [ɪrɪˈvɜːsəblɪ]

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TEXT

"A Double-edged Sword" of Chemistry and Environmental Problems

1.Chemistry is important - there is no doubt about that. It lies at the heart of our efforts to produce new materials that make our lives safer and easier, to produce new sources of energy that are abundant and nonpolluting and to understand and control the many diseases that threaten us and our food supplies. Although a strong case can be made that the use of chemistry has greatly enriched all of our lives, there is also a dark side of the story. Our society has used its knowledge of chemistry to kill and destroy. It is important to understand that the principles of chemistry are inherently neither good nor bad - it's what we do with knowledge that really matters.

2.Although humans are clever, resourceful, and concerned about others, they also can be greedy, selfish, and ignorant. In addition we tend to be shortsighted, we concentrate too much on the present and do not think enough about a long-range implication of our actions. This type of thinking has already caused us a great deal of trouble - severe environmental damage has occurred on many fronts. However, it is less important to lay blame than to figure out how to solve these problems.

3.The environment excites growing public concern due to realizing that at present time human activity has become varied and complex that it effects not only at local and national level, but the whole world. Ways of producing energy, using natural resources and build up of waste threaten to destroy Nature irreversibly. To preserve the environment of our planet development and growth in the world must be sustainable. Sustainable means not sacrificing tomorrow's prospects for a largely illusory gain today.

4.Solution to environmental problems cannot be found without their scientific understanding. An important part of the answer must rely on chemistry. One of the hottest fields in chemical sciences is environmental chemistry - an area that involves studying our environmental ills and discovering creative ways to address them.

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After Reading

Ex.3 Read the text more carefully and answer the questions.

1.How do you understand the title of the text?

2.What other titles could you suggest?

3.What is a main reason to think that Nature is certainly under threat?

4.What kinds of human activities threaten to change fundamentally the balance of our global environment?

5.What is sustainable development?

6.Why does scientific knowledge play an important part in searching solutions to environmental problems?

Ex.4 Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of paragraph.

Paragraph 1

1.Chemistry is one of the fundamental sciences.

2.Chemistry has greatly enriched our lives.

3.The principles of chemistry are neither good nor bad. It’s what we do with this knowledge that really matters.

4.Knowledge of chemistry may be used for the benefit of mankind as well as for destroying the life on the Earth.

Paragraph 2

1.Mankind has always been capable of great good and great evil.

2.We should avoid activities, which secure benefits in the short term at expense of dangerous implications for the environment and human health in the future.

3.It's more important to find out solutions to ecological problems than to figure out who are responsible for environmental damage.

4.Racing for short-term benefits without thinking about long-range consequences

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gave rise to serious environmental problems, to solve them is a task of vital

importance.

Paragraph 3

1.The ways in which human activities affect the environment are complex and can cause damage to Nature.

2.To preserve the environment of our planet development and growth in the world must be sustainable.

3.The impact of human activity on the environment has changed greatly and can threaten the live on the Earth.

4.The environment excites growing public concern.

Paragraph 4

1.Environmental chemistry can help to find the answers for many environmental problems.

2.Environmental chemistry is one of the "hottest" fields in the chemical sciences.

3.

Finding solutions to environmental problems is based on their

scientific

understanding, environmental chemistry playing an important part in the process.

VOCABULARY REVIEW

Ex.5 Find the words and phrases in the text, translate them and make some

sentences using them.

1.abundant (1)

2.disease (1)

3.to enrich (1)

4.there is a dark side of the story (1)

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5.inherently (1)

6.don't think about long range implications (2)

7.to be short-sighted (2)

8.a great deal of trouble (2)

9.to figure out (2)

10.growing public concern (3)

11.to destroy Nature irreversibly (3)

12.to preserve the environment (3)

13.sustainable (3)

14.environmental ills (4)

15.creative ways (4)

Ex.6 Which word is different? Why?

at the heart	at the core	at the edge
accuse	lay blame	praise
ecologically friendly	polluting	non-polluting
matter	be of importance	be of little significance
damage	advantage	harm
dark side	background	disadvantage
implication	consequence	action
ills	utility	problems
disease	illness	health
take place	occur	miss
involve	include	exclude

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Ex.7 Match English expressions with their Russian equivalents.

1.	sustainable development	a. научные знания
2.	human activity	b. сохранять окружающую среду
3.	scientific knowledge	с. природные ресурсы
4.	public concern	d. устойчивое развитие
5.	to preserve the environment	e. общественный интерес
6.	natural resources	f. деятельность человека

Ex.8 Fill in the gaps using words in Italics.

damage		threat	problems	environmental effort	cause
1.	The world’s ecological … are the aggregate of local				and regional pressures on
the environment.
2.	The	… to the Nature can only be overcome if all n			ations work together.

3.Greenpeace is an international organization that aims to protect the … to make governments change their policy.

4.Experience has taught us that actions and processes can … the environment.

5.Actions taken to protect one aspect of the environment can sometimes themselves … other damage .

6.	There needs to be a major and growing scientific … to understand the effect of

human activities on the environment and our health.

Ex.9 Complete the table

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Verb	Noun	Adjective
think
		human
	environment
		national
produce
	development
		creative

Focus on grammar

Present Perfect Tense. (Настоящее свершенное время).

We use the Present Perfect for an action in the past with a result now/

have + past participle

Example:

+ He has dressed himself.

- He has not dressed himself.

? Has he dressed himself?

Yes, he has. No, he has not. (No, he hasn't.)

Ex.10 Look through the text and find the structure with the Present Perfect.

Ex.11 Revise three forms of irregular verbs. (See the list in Grammar File)

Ex.12 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect.

1.We (to have) many major problems while working on this project.

2.She (to talk) to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick

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3.Doctors (to cure) many deadly diseases.

4.Scientists (to split) the atom.

5.Ecologists (not find) solution to environmental problems .

6.Knowledge (to play) an important part in searching solutions to environmental problems

Ex.13 Make different types of questions using sentences from the previous

exercise.

Speaking

Ex.14 Discuss in pairs the following questions.

1.What are the most promising lines of research in environmental chemistry?

2.How do you see the part of science in saving the environment? Give your reasons.

3.In what way has our view on Nature changed as compared with the view of previous generations?

4.What makes the main difference in perception of the world nowadays and in the past?

5.What is the field of environmental chemistry?

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Round Table

Discuss in groups the questions and prove your points of view.

Most of our world's problems today result from the fact that it is controlled by huge corporations. Could people driven by need to make profits for their companies think about long-running consequences of their activities?

Is there an economic reason for business to worry about environment?

Is it possible to integrate economic growth and environmental good sense?

Could business ever be green?

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SPEAKING FILE

Guide to presentation

1.Make a plan of your talk. This should include at least three sections:

∙introduction

∙development

∙conclusion

2.Write detailed notes of what you will say:

∙key points and key words

∙the action points you will stress

3.Prepare visual aids

4.Practice your presentation :

∙use simple and clear language

∙don’t read from your notes

Look at these expressions. In which part of a presentation would you expect

them to be used?

.1.	On this next slide you can see …
.2.	To conclude, I want to tell you about …
.3.	I’ll be happy to answer questions at the end of the presentation.
.4.	Let’s have a look at some statistics/ figures.
.5.	My name is … and I’m a …
.6.	Finally, a few words about …
.7.	This brings me to the next point …
.8.	Thanks very much for listening to my talk.
.9.	My main aim today is to tell you …/ I’m here today to tell you
…

Expressing your opinion on the problem/ topic