Романчиков В.. Основи наукових дослджень (2007)
.pdf3. 0 9 9
3.& 9
* !$ # ! #' : !$ ! #$ ! , # #$ ! $ $ ! , ! ! , ! , , !$ # , $! ! #$ ! ,! , .
6" +/ 0+G - + )0+ - "+* " , -+,B 2
+," ( , -+,B 2
/@)6 2 6 ) 9 0+ - "+* 9 + # 6 0+9
+," ( /+@6 9 + # 6 0+9 , @6 @() 99@6 @(
-+/ @6 @- 9 + # 6 0+9,+," (' / + ' / +, ' ( ) , -+,B 2,
# 6 '-E 2 ) (+ + 6 ( , 0+G
(?% (@=)O&&*L 2*/?*1*F?J&*L ?&G*=ED/?UL# ! # ! #' $ $
! |
# , ! #, # # # |
|
||||
|
, |
' , |
|
# ! # |
$ |
|
' , ! |
# |
, |
#! |
|
|
|
! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
41
+ ),)
0+-"+* " ,-+,B 2
6
( # ' )
6 / +,'-4 ,-+,B 2
) + ,-+,B 2
-+ )* ,-+,B 2
>
" # - ! ! , ! " # ' ' #
! " ! # # - ! ! .# #$ # , # # ! ! , ,!
! " ! ! # !! , ! "$ ! ,, ' , ! $ , " ,"
42
3. 0 9 9
),) 0+-"+* " ,-+,B 2 /-B +, ,+ /@ 6' +6)* )3
, )3
* |
2 ' |
D ! # |
" " # !
) ' 2 # ! #' # #, "
. #-' 90% $ !$ #
6 B 2
-+/ , (' +
! |
|
! |
|
|
|
|
-# |
|
|||
, , |
! , |
|
|
||
# ! # |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|||
#' ! |
! |
|
|||
|
|
# ! . |
) |
' #- $ # $: ! $ # ! ! '$ #, # #$, "$, ! $
2) 27 /+/ "(8 27/!#+/ )2M(2&2?(< 2?2 2:/$%7# > D
E * ) $# ( / 'F )
43
F
? # # !
E
*
# 6 ) 6 , 2 ( ' 2
2 !
( |
* # |
JD2&OH?) ED2*)OV *(O+ )D&N (=OH1D%&?P 2*/?*1*F?W (=OP&M+* &D O)D+O 6 , ) ( # ! .
respond — # # ).
& '( 8( ( |
( 6 + |
% & (%J ) |
) ' 2 |
(?%F*+*)HD %* 2*/?*1*F?J&*F* %*21?%T@&&M (@=@%IDJDU =* =*IH :
(=*F=DEO,
=*I*J*F* (1D& ,
%*(*E?T&OV %*H E@&+?) %*21?%T@&&M.
44
3. 0 9 9
6 "6 0+-"+* " ,-+,B 2
# !$ #$#
#$ |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/ , 2 ) 0+-"+* " |
|
|
|
||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
,-+,B 2 +, 6)A 3 |
B |
|
|
|
|
|
|
@' ): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$! ! #$ ! $
! |
$ # ; |
||
! |
! |
|
$ # |
; |
|
|
|
! , |
# !! |
$ |
# ;
! # # ! ! #
' # #$ ! ;
! # # # #' $$! ;
! ' $ # ! $
!- $! ! .
2+= H+ =&OEO H*E(*&@&+DEO 2*/?*1*F?J&*F* %*21?%T@&&M )O2+ (DL+N P*F* @+D(O ? =? &? D )O%DEO ? G*=E*L &D H*)*-%*21?%&? +D *=FD&? D/?P&*-+@V&?J&? (=*/@% =O +D *(@=D/?W ((*21?%*)&? I1*HO)
45
@- ( 1
@- ( 2
I1*H 3
@- ( 4
|
|
# |
|
#' |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ! #' ; |
|||
|
|
# |
|
# |
|
||||
|
|
|
( ! #, |
); |
|||||
# |
|
# ! #' ; |
|
||||||
|
|
# # ! #' |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||
; ' ( |
|
||||||||
! -' |
|
.) |
! # |
" |
|
||||
$ |
# ! #' |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|||||||
! |
|
# # |
, # # ! #' ,!. + # # ##! , #$, , , #
# ! #' , |
' |
! |
|
$ |
|
"$ # |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*$! |
|
, ' $ |
# #
@*E. & # ! # |
|
# |
||
|
! ! |
. |
( # |
|
! $ |
|
, |
#! # @*E.
# # #$# $
) ! # , ' ! ! $ # $, ## # ,$ #
46
3. 0 9 9
|
! |
||
) )* |
, |
, |
|
6 B 2 |
$ |
# ! |
$ |
|
$ # $ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@'3"-6 4( |
# ( ) |
6 B 2 |
# $ |
|
|
* 3 = 3 L 9 3 9 : A 3 : L A 73 A 9.
G*+*F=DG?M MH E@+*% *+=OED&&M ?&G*=ED/?W EDU +DH? =? &*)O%O:
# ,
,
! # ,
,
"
.
47
?$" ) % ) & ! E / F:
1.M # # $ # ! #' ?
2.% : “ ! ”, “ ”, “ # ”,
“# # ”, |
“ ! ”, |
“ # ! ”, |
“ ”, |
“ ”, “ ! ”.
3.J # ! # # ! #' #$?
4. |
) |
. |
5. |
M ! # $ # ! #'$? |
|
6. |
M # ! |
# ! #' ) ? % |
$ .
7.M # # # ! # ! #' ?
8. J # #?
48
4. ( A 3 < = < 9
4.
+ # 6 0+G / @ / * 2 '( )3 ,-+,B 4
:
1. H! $ # ! #' . 2. & ! - $ .
3.) # , #' ! ' # # .
4.@ # $.
1 : 1, 2, 8, 12, 16
: ( , , C , , F,@, ,, C-A .
|
1. E A 9 A 3 7 |
< = < 9 |
||
|
|
|
||
|
+ # 6 0+2 |
– # |
# , , |
|
|
# |
# # ! ! # , # , |
||
|
! . |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+, -2 |
|
# |
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
+G |
# , ! |
|
+ # 6 |
0+9 |
#- ! ( ! ) |
( |
+* + # 6 |
0+2 – # , |
$ -# # !
49
+ # 6 0+G / @ / * 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(=*G@2?P&D |
|
|
|
|
|
|
E?2+ |
|
||
|
?&G*=ED/?P&D |
|
|
|
|
|
|
?&G*=ED/?P&*F* |
|
||
|
H*E &?HD/?M |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DI@ (@J@&&M |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(? &D)D1N&?2+N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
?&G*=ED/?W |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 # +G -+ # 6 0+G |
( ' +( 0+2 |
F= &+ U+N2M &D H*&+DH+DV (=D/?)&OH?), DP&M+OV
&D H*)*-%*21?%&*E (=*/@2?
6 # +G -+ # 6 0+G ( ' +( 0+2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 @ * |
|
+ # 6 0+G |
|
|||
|
|
|
62 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( , /! '(# |
( , /! '(# |
|||||
$/)! |
|
|
$ & / %E |
50