Урология - Tumors

TNM

Distant metastasis (M)

MX - Distant metastasis cannot be assessed

M0 - No distant metastasis

M1 - Distant metastasis

G

Gx hystopatologic gradation can not be evaluated

G1 – highly differentiated

G2 – moderately differentiated

G3 -4 - low-differentiated – nondifferentiated

Plain X-ray, IVP, retrograde pyelography are not so informative in early diagnostic of renal cancer. Nevertheless this methods take an important place in the diagnostic process

Laboratory tests

Blood test elevation of ESR, anemia.

Urinalysis: haematuria, also proteinuria and leucocyteuria can be observed.

Blood serum analysis: non-spesific sign

– elevation of alkaline phosphatese and several other ensymes in blood serumen.

CT tumor of left kidney.

Ultrasound – tumor takes all

kindey and extend to the surrounding tissues

Ct tumor of left kidney

Aortography – tumor of left

kidney

Ultrasound – kidney cancer

Ultrasound – tumor of kidney

with destruction