Общий
.pdf2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ
zɄɪɭɝɥɨɝɨɞɢɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ;
zɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ (ɯɨɞɶɛɚ, ɛɟɝ, ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɟ; ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ; ɤɚɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɥɵɠɚɯ ɢ ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞɟ);
zɄɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ – 3 (4) 5; zȾɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – 1 ɞɨ 1,5 ɱɚɫɚ; zɍȽȽ – 15 – 20 ɦɢɧ. ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ;
ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ
ɑɋɋɦɚɤɫ=220-ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ
ɑɋɋɨɩɬ= ɑɋɋɦɚɤɫ*0,65
(ɧɨɜɢɱɤɢ)
ɑɋɋɨɩɬ= ɑɋɋɦɚɤɫ*0,85
(ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ)
z Ɉɛɴɟɦ (ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɞɥɢɧɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ); z ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ (ɑɋɋ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ).
3. ȼɪɚɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɎɄɢɋ
zɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ȼɄ – ɷɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ.
zɐɟɥɶ ȼɄ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ:
zɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ;
zɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ (ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ) ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ;
zɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɹ, ɨɞɟɠɞɵ, ɨɛɭɜɢ, ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.;
zɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ (ɞɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ);
zɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɡɦɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɤɢ, ɪɚɡɦɢɧɤɢ, ɩɨɞɝɨɧɤɢ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɹ, ɨɞɟɠɞɵ, ɨɛɭɜɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.;
zɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɭ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɡɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɨɜ, ɥɟɤɰɢɣ, ɛɟɫɟɞ ɢ ɩɪ.
Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ:
zɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɉɆɈ) – ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɎɊ, Ɏɉ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ, ɤ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɹɯ, ɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ;
zɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɆɈ
(ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɰɟɥɶ);
zɍɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɆɈ
(ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ);
zȾɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɆɈ (ɫɜɟɪɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ).
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɆɈ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ: ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɎɊ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤ ɤ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ,
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ:
zɈɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ – ɥɢɰɚ ɛɟɡ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. Ⱥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɎɊ ɢ Ɏɉ (ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ, ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɟɤɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ;
zɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ - ɥɢɰɚ ɛɟɡ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɫ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɎɊ ɢ Ɏɉ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ;
zɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ - ɥɢɰɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ, ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɍɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:
ɇɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ:
zɄɨɠɢ (ɰɜɟɬ, ɫɭɯɨɫɬɶ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ);
zɈɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
(ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɨɫɚɧɤɢ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɩɢɧɵ, ɧɨɝ, ɫɬɨɩɵ, ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɥɨɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ)
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ:
zɞɥɢɧɚ ɬɟɥɚ;
zɦɚɫɫɚ ɬɟɥɚ;
zɤɢɫɬɟɜɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ;
zɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɹ;
zɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ,
zɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ.
ɂ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ: ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ, ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɨɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ, Ɋɨɛɢɧɫɨɧɚ, Ɇɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɢ ɞɪ.
ȼɪɚɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
•ȼɉɄ – ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɜɪɚɱɨɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɧɟɪɨɦ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
•ɋɪɨɱɧɵɣ, ɨɬɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ.
ȼɪɚɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
•Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ȼɉɄ (ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɍɌɉ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ;
•Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ȼɉɄ (ɨɩɪɨɫ,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɫɚ, ɑɋɋ, ȺȾ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɀȿɅ, ɥɟɝɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ, ɞɢɧɚɦɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ)
ɋɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ – ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ -
ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ.
•Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ: ɞɥɢɧɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɚ, ɈȽ, ɑɋɋ, ɑȾ, ɀȿɅ, ɄȾ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ.
•ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ:
ɫɚɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ, ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɛɨɹɡɧɶ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɵ
•ɉɪɨɛɚ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ
ɒɬɚɧɝɟ |
Ƚɟɧɱɚ (ɫ): |
|
> 80 |
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ; |
> 45 |
65 – 75 |
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ; 35 - 40 |
|
< 50 |
ɫɥɚɛɚɹ |
< 20 |
•Ɉɪɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɚ (ɭɞ/ɦɢɧ)
0 |
– 6; |
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ |
7 |
– 12; |
ɜɵɲɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ |
13 – 18; |
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ |
|
19 – 24; |
ɧɢɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ |
|
> 24 |
ɧɢɡɤɢɣ |