Лекции 1-4 (2 семестр)

ʋ	Ɉɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ	ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɚɹ	Ɍɢɩ
					ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
ɝɪ.	ɧɚ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɟ	ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ	ɚɪɝɭɦɟțɬɚ	ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ
	Odd (x)	ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɧɚ	integer	True ȖșȖ	Odd (4) = false	ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
		ɇɟɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ x		false	Odd (7) = true
		ɉɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɟ	Integer	Integer
3	Pred (x)		Char	Char	Pred (4) = 3
		ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ [	Boolean	Boolean
		ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ	Integer	Integer
	Succ (x)		Char	Char	Succ (4) = 5
		Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ x	Boolean	Boolean

ʋ	Ɉɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ	ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɚɹ	Ɍɢɩ		ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
ɝɪ.	ɧɚ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɟ	ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ	ɚɪɝɭɦɟțɬɚ	ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ
	Random	ɉɫɟɜɞɨɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ		integer
		ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ	-
		ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 1
		ɉɫɟɜɞɨɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ	integer	Integer
	Random (x)	ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ
		ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 0.. (x-1)
		ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ȖțȖȤȖȎȤȖȭ
	Randomize;	ȑȓțȓȞȎȠȜȞȎ			Randomize;
		ȝȟȓȐȒȜȟșȡȥȎȗțȩȣ ȥȖȟȓș
	INC (X, I);	ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɏ ɧɚ	integer	Integer	Inc(10,2);
	INC (X);	ɲɚɝ I ɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ I ɧɚ			ɂɬɨɝ
	DEC (X, I);	ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɏ ɧɚ	integer	integer	Dec(10,2);
	DEC (X);	ɲɚɝ I ɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ I ɧɚ			ɂɬɨɝ 8

ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɦɢ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɦɢ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ – ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ

	Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ *	/	div	mod	and
	Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ +		-	OR
	Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ > <	> =	< =	<> =	in

Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɟɜɚ - ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ

Ɍɢɩ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ

Ɋ	Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ	Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ		Ɍɢɩ		ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
ȝ			ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ		ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ
1	ɍɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ	A* B	integer		integer
			real		real
2	DzȓșȓțȖȓ	Ⱥ ȼ	integer		real	3.2 : 2 = 1.6
			real			1 : 5 = 0.2
3	ɐɟɥɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɬ	A div B	integer		integer	11 div 3 = 3
	ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
4	Ɉɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ	Ⱥ PRG B	integer		integer	5 mod 2 = 1
						4 mod 2 = 0
5	ɋɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ	Ⱥ ȼ	integer		integer
			real		real
6	ȼɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ	Ⱥ – ȼ	integer		integer
			real		real
7	ȼɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ	Exp(B*Ln(A))	integer		real
	Ⱥȼ		real
8	ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɥɢ	Ⱥ or B	Boolean		Boolean	ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɢɡ -ɯ
			integer		integer

ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ

ɂɞɭɳɢɟ ɞɪɭɝ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ © ; »

ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ:

« ; ª ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ Begin;

« ; ª ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ End.

ǼȝȓȞȎȠȜȞȩ ɹɡɵɤɚ Pascal

ȼɫɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɹɡɵɤɚ Pascal ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ

ɉɪɨɫɬɵɟ - ɷɬɨ ɬɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ *272 ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ

ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ - ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɰɢɤɥɚ

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ

Ʉ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ

Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ

Ɋɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ

ɐɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɦ

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ

ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɤ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ © := ª ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɂɆə ɉȿɊȿɆȿɇɇɈɃ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɁɇȺɑȿɇɂȿ ɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ – ȼɕɊȺɀȿɇɂȿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ

ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ! ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ!;

ɋɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɨ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ

Ⱥ Ⱥ; ȼ ; ɋ ɆȺɏ; D:=(16+4)*8; E:=sin(x*x)/cos(x)-4*sqr(ln(x));

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ

ɐ ɐ ȼ ɐ ȼ ȼȄ ǰ

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ

5HDG Ȏ E

ReadLn Ȏ E

ReadLn;

ɝɞɟ a ɢ E – ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ȼɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ a=1 E=3 c=5.

Read (D E F);

1 ©ɩɪɨɛɟɥª 3 ©ɩɪɨɛɟɥª 5 «Enter»

Readln (D E F);

1 «Enter»

3 «Enter»

5 «Enter»

ɉɭɫɬɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ Readln; - ɷɬɨ ɩɚɭɡɚ ɞɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ «Enter».

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɟɫɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɷɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ Write ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ

ȼɢɞɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ

Write (D E F);

WriteLn (D E F);

WriteLn;

ɝɞɟ D E c – ɢɦɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ

ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɤɨɛɨɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ R ȼ R*10;

WRITE (5·ɉɪɨɛɟɥ· 1980 + 19·ɉɪɨɛɟɥ· R + 1·ɉɪɨɛɟɥ· ȼ Ɉɬɜɟɬ 5©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª1999©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª16©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª150©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª

ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ Write ɢ WriteLn ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɧɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ WriteLn ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ a=1; E=3; c=5.

	Write(a,b,c);	135©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª
Write(D E); Write(c);		135©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª
	WriteLn(D E); Write(c);	13
		5©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ȼɵɜɨɞ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ

ULWH E P);

ɝɞɟ E – ɢɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ; P – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ.

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ULWH D E F

Ɉɬɜɟɬ ©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª1©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª ©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª ©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª 3©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª ©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª5©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª

ȼɵɜɨɞ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ

Write(b:m:n);

ɝɞɟ b–ɢɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ; P–ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ; n–ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɞ ɞɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɚ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ a=641.536; b=17841.1; c=-7.4385. ULWH D E F

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 641.54 ©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª17841.10©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª-7.4385©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɬɟ P ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɞɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ n ɬɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɫ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɹ m. ɉɪɢ m ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 8.

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Write(a:6); ɢɥɢ ULWH D Ɉɬɜɟɬ ©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª6.4 ȿ+02©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɨ ɩɨɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɩɨɥɹ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: a=641.536. Write(a); Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 6.4153600000ȿ02©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ

Write(¶·:q);

ɝɞɟ q–ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɜ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ a=12; E=-25.

Write(D ··:3 E);

Ɉɬɜɟɬ 12©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª-25©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª

ȼɵɜɨɞ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɇɟɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɚɩɨɫɬɪɨɮɚɦɢ ©· ·».

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ D E .	Ɉɬɜɟɬ
Write(‘ɋɬɪɨɤɚ·);	ɋɬɪɨɤɚ©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª
Write(‘Ⱥ ¶ D);	A=1©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª
Write(‘Ⱥ ¶Ⱥ··:2·ȼ ¶ȼ ;	Ⱥ ©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª©ɉɪɨɛɟɥªȼ ©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª
Write(5*3.2);	1.6000000000ȿ 01©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª
Write((5*3.2):5:1);	©ɉɪɨɛɟɥª16.0©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª
Write(5<6);	TRUE©Ʉɭɪɫɨɪª

ǽȞȜȑȞȎȚȚȖȞȜȐȎțȖȓ ȎșȑȜȞȖȠȚȜȐ ȞȎȕȐȓȠȐșȓțțȜȗ ȟȠȞȡȘȠȡȞȩ

Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ

ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ GOTO;

ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ IF;

ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ CASE.

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ GOTO ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɦɟɱɟɧ ɦɟɬɤɨɣ ɷɬɚ ɠɟ ɦɟɬɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɟ GOTO.

Ɇɟɬɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɤ Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɤɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ Ɇɟɬɤɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɨɟɬɨɱɢɟɦ

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ

……………………

<ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >; <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >; GOTO m3; <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >; <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >; m3: <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >;

……………………

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ GOTO ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɰɢɤɥɚ

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ IF ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɊȺɁȼɂɅɄȺ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ IF:

IF B THEN A1 ELSE A2; - ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ – ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ;

IF B THEN A; - ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ;

IF B1 THEN A1 ELSE IF B2 THEN A2 ELSE A3; - ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɟ ɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ .

Ɂɞɟɫɶ B B1 B2 – ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ A A1 A2 A3 – ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ

ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ELSE ɬɨɱɤɚ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ © ; » ɇȿ ɋɌȺȼɂɌɋə.

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɋɈɋɌȺȼɇɈɃ ɈɉȿɊȺɌɈɊ.

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ

IF B THEN A1 ELSE A2;.

ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ IF ɢ THEN ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ

ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
< <= > >=	< > =

ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɤɨɛɤɢ BEGIN ɢ END;

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ

BEGIN

ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ !;ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ !;

………….….. <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ1>;

END;

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ȼ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɹɞ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ

IF B THEN A;.

ɍɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ELSE ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ

ȿɫɥɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ

IF B1 THEN A1 ELSE IF B2 THEN A2 ELSE A3;

ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɨ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ELSE ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɦɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ IF ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɟɬɜɢ ELSE.

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ IF <ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ > THEN

IF <ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ > THEN <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ Ⱥ> ELSE <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ȼ>;

ɉɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ȼ> ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ <ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ >.

ȼ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ȼ> ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧ ɤ <ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ > ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ <ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ1> ɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ <ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ >.

ɑɬɨɛɵ <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ȼ> ɛɵɥ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧ ɤ <ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ >, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ <ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ > ɤɚɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ

,) ȡȟșȜȐȖȓ ! 7+(1 %(*,1 ,) ȡȟșȜȐȖȓ ! 7+(1 ȜȝȓȞȎȠȜȞ Ǯ!

END ELSE <ȜȝȓȞȎȠȜȞ ǰ!

ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ CASE.

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ

CASE <ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪ> OF

C1:<ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >; ɋ <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >;

………………….

CN:<ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ 1>; ELSE <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ Ⱥ>;

END;

Ɂɞɟɫɶ <ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪ> – ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɐȿɅɈɆɍ ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɆɍ ɢɥɢ ɋɂɆȼɈɅɖɇɈɆɍ ɬɢɩɭ ɋ , ɋ ,… CN – ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɤ ɧɟ

ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ; <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >… <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ N> – ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɫ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ; <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ Ⱥ> – ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɫɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ

ɋ …CN.

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ CASE ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɦ

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɡɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɨɣ

ȼɟɬɜɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ELSE ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ȿɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɜɟɫɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɭɫɬɨɣ

ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ IF ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ELSE ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ © ; ».

ȿɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɬɨ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɩɹɬɭɸ « , », ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜ ɢɯ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ

ɐɂɄɅɈɆ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɰɢɤɥɵ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɣ

ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɟ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ

ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈɆ ɐɂɄɅȺ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ

ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈɆ;

ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫ ɉɊȿȾɍɋɅɈȼɂȿɆ;

ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫ ɉɈɋɌɍɋɅɈȼɂȿɆ.

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ

FOR I: = A to B do <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ S>;;

FOR I: = A downto B do <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ S>;.

ɝɞɟ I – ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ; Ⱥ ɢ ȼ – ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɰɢɤɥɚ; <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ S> – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɉɊɈɋɌɈɃ ɢɥɢ ɋɈɋɌȺȼɇɈɃ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ DO ɬɨɱɤɚ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ ©;ª ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ

ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊ ɰɢɤɥɚ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ȾɂȺɉɈɁɈɇ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɌɈɅɖɄɈ ɐȿɅɈȽɈ ɌɂɉȺ. ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɵ

ɰɢɤɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ VAR Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ȾɂȺɉɈɁɈɇɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɰɢɤɥɚ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɄɈɇɋɌȺɇɌȺɆɂ

ɢɥɢ ȼɕɊȺɀȿɇɂəɆɂ.

ɉɪɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɟ to ɤ ɲɚɝ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ +1, ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɜɟ downto ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɪɚɜɟɧ

-1.

ɁȺȾȺɌɖ ɒȺȽ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɬ +1, -1, ɇȿɅɖɁə.

ɐɢɤɥ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ – Ⱥ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ

– ȼ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɰɢɤɥɚ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɰɢɤɥɚ I ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɰɢɤɥɚ I ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ȼ.

ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ – ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ;

ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɚɹ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɰɢɤɥɚ ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ 6>, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ -ɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ -ɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ -ɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ȼ ɢɥɢ ɜɨ -ɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ Ⱥ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ȼ, <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ 6> ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢ ɪɚɡɭ

For I: = 5 to 4 do;

For I: = 2 down to 10 do.

ɐɢɤɥ For I: = N to N do – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ:

Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ, ɟɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɰɢɤɥɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɰɢɤɥɚ, ɬɟ FOR I: = I – 5 to I + 5 do;

ȼɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɰɢɤɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ, ɬɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ FOR;

ȼɵɣɬɢ ɢɡ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ GOTO ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ BREAK;

ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ CONTINUE ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɰɢɤɥɚ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɛɵɥ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ GOTO.

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ

WHILE Ⱥ do <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ȼ>;,

ɝɞɟ A – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ; <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ȼ> – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɉɊɈɋɌɈɃ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɋɈɋɌȺȼɇɈɃ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ WHILE ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɡ

ȼɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɠɧɵɦ

Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɬɟɥɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɢ ɪɚɡɭ

ɉɪɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɰɢɤɥ ɢɦɟɥ ɲɚɧɫ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɫɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ

ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: WHILE a <1 do a: = 2*a;,

ɟɫɥɢ ɚ ɛɵɥɨ = 0, ɬɨ ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɚ < 1 ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɥɟ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɡɚɰɢɤɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

ȼ ɰɢɤɥɟ WHILE ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɉɈɄȺ

ɍɋɅɈȼɂȿ ɂɋɌɂɇɇɈ, ȼɕɉɈɅɇəɌɖ ɈɉȿɊȺɌɈɊɕ ɌȿɅȺ ɐɂɄɅȺ.

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ

REPEAT <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >; <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >;

……………..….

<ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ 1>; UNTIL A;

Ɂɞɟɫɶ REPEAT – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ; <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >.. <ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ N> – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɥɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ; UNTIL – ɩɨɤɚ; A – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɰɢɤɥɚ REPEAT ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɣ

Ɍɟɥɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ

ȼɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ

Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɜɚ REPEAT ɢ UNTIL ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɦɢ, ɬɨɱɤɚ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ ©;ª ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ UNTIL ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ

Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ȼɕɉɈɅɇəɌɖ ɌȿɅɈ ɐɂɄɅȺ ɉɈɄȺ ɇȿ ɋɌȺɇȿɌ ɂɋɌɂɇɇɕɆ ɍɋɅɈȼɂȿ.