III(2)_Unit_4_Communication_ST

Vocabulary of the Unit

		word					definition			translation
										язык
	language
			bodylanguage
			signlanguage							словарныйзапас
			mothertongue
	vocabulary						all thewordsthat someoneknows oruses
			widevocabulary
			richvocabulary
			extensivevocabulary
			activevocabulary				thewords someonecanuse
			passivevocabulary				thewords someonecanunderstand,but doesnot use
	Reading is oneofthebestways of
	improving your vocabulary.
	Hehas a widevocabulary.
	to ramble						totalkforalongtimein awaythat doesnot seem			говоритьмного исбивчиво
							clearlyorganized, sothat otherpeoplefindit difficult
							to understand you
			rambler
			rambling
			along rambling letter
	to sidetrack	[usu. passive]					to make someonestopdoingwhat theyshouldbe			отвлекать
							doing, orstoptalkingabout what theystartedtalking
							about,by makingtheminterestedinsomethingelse
	Don'tgetsidetrackedbytheaudience's
			questions.
	sensitive[+		]				abletounderstandotherpeople'sfeelingsand			восприимчивый; тонко
							problems
	to									чувствующий
	asensitiveandintelligentyoung man
	It's madememuchmoresensitivetothe
			needs ofthedisabled.
	senseof humor						theabilitytounderstand andenjoythingsthat are			чувство юмора
							funny
	IlikePam–shehas areally goodsenseof
			humour.							внешнийвид
	appearance						thewaysomeoneorsomethinglookstootherpeople

physicalappearance

She's thekind ofwomanwho takes

prideinherappearance.

Youshouldn'tjudgebyappearances.

Thepupils looked angelic-but

appearances canbedeceptive.

	charisma				a natural ability to attract andinterest otherpeople			личное обаяние; харизма
					and makethemadmire you
		Helacks charisma.
								отвлекаться, отклоняться (
	to digress				totalkor write about somethingthat is not yourmain				от
					subject
								темы
		digression					)
	DoyoumindifIdigress foramoment?
	Afterseverallong digressions hefinally
	reachedtheinteresting partofthestory.
	articulate				abletotalk easily andeffectivelyabout things,			чётковыражающийсвои
					especiallydifficult subjects
								мысли
	bright, articulate17-year-olds
		ahighlyarticulatespeaker						сдержанный, замкнутый,
	reserved				unwillingtoexpressyouremotionsortalkabout your
					problems
								необщительный,
	Ellenwas ashy, reserved girl.

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	word				definition			translation
								понятный; ясный;
	coherent				if someoneis coherent,theyaretalkingin awaythat
					is clearandeasytounderstand
								вразумительный; отчётливый,
								разборчивый
	Hesoundedcoherent, buthewas tooillto
	haveanyideawhathewas saying.							нерешительный,
	hesitant				uncertainabout what todoor saybecause you are
					nervous orunwilling
								сомневающийся
	tohesitate
	Gailgavemeahesitantlittlesmile.
	Theyseemedhesitantaboutcoming in.
	Sheis hesitanttodraw conclusions until
	thestudyis over.
	responsive				eagertocommunicatewithpeople,andtoreact to			отзывчивый, чуткий;
					theminapositiveway
	Itriedtogethimtalking, buthewasn't
	veryresponsive.
								красноречивый, яркий,
	eloquent				abletoexpressyourideasandopinionswell,
					especiallyina waythat influencespeople
								убедительный,
	aneloquentappealforsupport
	inhibited				tooembarrassedornervoustodoorsaywhat you
					want
	Manypeopleareinhibitedabout
	discussingsexualmatters.
								контактный, общительный,
	extrovert				havingaconfident characterand enjoyingthe
					companyof otherpeople
								дружелюбныйчеловек
	extroversion
	vague				unclear becausesomeonedoesnot giveenough			неопределённый, неясный
					detailed informationor doesnotsayexactlywhat
					theymean
	Thegovernorgaveonlyavagueoutline of
	his taxplan.
	Juliawas vagueaboutwhereshehadbeen
	andwhatshehadbeendoing.
								краткий; сжатый
	succinct				clearlyexpressedinafewwordsusethistoshow
					approval
								лаконичный
	asuccinctexplanation. [vs. involved]
	fluent				fluent speech orwritingissmoothandconfident,			беглый,
					withnomistakes
	Hewas afluentandrapidprosewriter.
	politicallycorrect				language,behaviour, andattitudesthat are			политкорректный,
					politicallycorrect are carefullychosen sothatthey
					do not offendor insult anyone			общественноприемлемый
	politicallycorrecttextbooks
	politicalcorrectness
	stereotype				a belief orideaof what a particulartype of personor			стереотип
					thingislike. Stereotypesareoftenunfair oruntrue
	tostereotypesb
	stereotypical
	racial/sexual/culturaletcstereotype
	womenwhodon't fitthestereotypeofthe
	goodmother
	stereotypes abouttheelderly
	thestereotypicalCalifornian–fitand
	tanned
	Homeless peoplearestereotypedas							характерная
	alcoholics oraddicts.
	trait				a particular qualityinsomeone's character
								черта, особенность
	personality/charactertraits
	genetic/inheritedtraits
	amentalillness associatedwithparticular
	personalitytraits

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Unit 4: Student’s Book

word

definition

translation

image

theopinionpeoplehaveof aperson,organization,

репутация, лицо, престиж

product etc, ortheway aperson,organizationetc

seemsto betothe public

Thehotelandcasinoindustryisworking

hardon improving its image.

Thepartyhas toprojecttherightimage.

attempts toimprovethepublicimageof

thepolice

impact [+

]

theeffect orinfluencethat anevent, situationetc

сильное воздействие; влияние

has onsomeoneorsomething

Weneed

toassess theimpactonclimate

on

change.

Highermortgagerates havealreadyHAD

amajorimpactonspending.

порождать, вызывать

breed

to causeaparticularfeeling orcondition

to

Poorliving conditions breed violenceand

despair.

обязанность, долг

commitment

somethingthat you havepromisedyouwill door

that youhavetodo

обязательство

Willthejob fitinwithyour family

commitments?

убедительность, способность

credibility

thequality of deservingtobebelievedandtrusted

внушать доверие;надёжность

Thescandalhas damagedhis credibilityas

aleader.

Thereareserious questions aboutthe

credibilityofthesereports.

Predictions ofeconomic recoveryhavenow

заносчивый, высокомерный,

lostallcredibility.

arrogant

behavinginanunpleasant orrude waybecause you

thinkyouaremoreimportant than otherpeople

надменный

Hewas unbearablyarrogant.

anarrogantattitude

assertive

behavingin aconfident way,sothat peoplenotice

уверенныйв себе

you

assertiveness

assertiveness training

хорошие взаимоотношения,

rapport

friendlyagreement andunderstandingbetween

people

взаимопонимание,

понимание; согласие

Hehadanexcellentrapportwithhis

patients.

Hebuiltup/establishe/developedagood

вербальный

rapportwiththechildren.

verbal

spokenratherthan written

verbalcommunication

[vs. non-verbal]verbalmeans

verbalagreement/instructions etc

status

your social orprofessional rankor position,

статус, положение

consideredin relationto otherpeople

low-status jobs

Doctors havetraditionallyenjoyedhigh

socialstatus.

message

themainormost important ideathat someoneis

основнаятема, идея

tryingtotell peopleabout inafilm, book, speech etc

Themessageofthefilmis thatgood

always triumphs overevil.

Theresultofthis legalbattlesends an

importantmessagetopeopleinsimilar

situations.

It's perfectlypossibletogetyourmessage

acrosswithoutbeing soangry.

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Unit 4: Student’s Book

	word				definition		translation
							жест
	gesture				a movement of part of yourbody, especially your
					handsorhead,toshowwhat youmean orhow you
					feel
	Jimraisedhis hands inadespairing
	gesture.
	Lukemadeanobscenegesturewithhis						мимика
	finger.
	facial expression
							поза
	Victor's facialexpressiondidn'tchange.
	posture				theway youpositionyourbodywhensittingor
					standing
	Poorposturecanlead to muscular
	problems.						зрительныйконтакт
	Herupright posture
	eyecontact				whenyoulook directlyat someoneat the sametime
					as theyarelookingat you
	Peoplewhoarelying tendtoavoideye
	contact.
	Inaformalinterview, trytomaintaingood						ритуал
	eyecontactwiththeinterviewers.
	ritual				a ceremonythat is alwaysperformedinthesame
					way, inorderto markanimportant religiousor social
					occasion
	ancientpaganrituals
	theimportanceofreligionandritualin
	ourlives
	Theladyofthehouseperforms thesacred						обычай
	ritualoflighting twocandles.
	custom				somethingthat isdonebypeopleina particular
					societybecauseit istraditional
	local/ancient/Frenchetccustom
	thecustomofdoing something
	Theguideoffers informationonlocal
	customs.
	It's thecustomforthebride's fathertopay
	forthewedding.
	Thecustomofnamingwomenafter						идиома, идиоматическое
	flowers isbecoming less common.
	idiom				a group of wordsthathasaspecial meaningthat is
					different fromtheordinary meaningof each
					separate word. Forexample, 'undertheweather' is		выражение
					an idiommeaning 'ill'.		метафора
	metaphor				a wayof describingsomethingby referringtoit as
					somethingdifferent and suggestingthat it has
					similar qualitiestothat thing
	Sheuses somewonderfulimages and
	metaphors inherwriting.						фразовыйглагол
	averycreativeuseofmetaphor
	phrasal verb				a group of wordsthatisusedlike averb and consists
					of averb withanadverb or preposition
					afterit, for example'set off' or 'lookafter'
	verbalcommunication
	verbalmeans						эвфемизм
	verbalagreement/instructions etc
	euphemism				a polite wordor expressionthat youuseinsteadof a
					more direct onetoavoidshockingorupsetting
					someone		демагогия
	'Pass away'is aeuphemismfor'die'.
	doublespeak				speechthat is complicatedandcanhave morethan
					one meaning,sometimesused deliberatelyto
					deceiveor confusepeople
	thepowerofpoliticaldoublespeak

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			word						definition		translation
											жаргон
	jargon								wordsandexpressionsusedinaparticular
									professionor byaparticular groupof people, which
									are difficult for otherpeopletounderstandoften
									usedtoshowdisapproval
	technical/scientific/legal/medicaletc
					jargon
	Keepitsimpleandavoidtheuseofjargon.
		documents fulloflegaljargon									диалект
	dialect								theformof alanguagethat isspokenina particular
									area
	Thepeopleuptherespeak aTibetan
					dialect.						слэнг
				Thelocaldialect
	slang								informal wordsusedbypeople whobelongtoa
									particulargroup, for exampleyoungpeople,
									criminalsetc		терминология
					schoolboyslang
	terminology								wordsusedina particularsubject suchasscienceor
									medicine
			computerterminology
	neologism [=		coinage		]				a newword orexpression, orawordusedwith a		неологизм
									new meaning
											контактный,
	sociable								someonewhoissociableisfriendlyandenjoysbeing
									withotherpeople
											общительный,
											дружелюбный
		apleasant, sociablecouple
	conscientious								careful todoeverythingthat it isyourjobordutyto		добросовестный,
									do
											сознательный
	Aconscientious teachermayfeel inclined
				totakework home.							злой, раздражительный
	aconscientious andhard-working student
	bad-tempered								someonewhoisbad-temperedbecomeseasily
									annoyed andtalksin anangry wayto people
											широкихвзглядов
	open-minded								willingto considerandaccept otherpeople'sideas
									and opinions
											отзывчивый,
				openmindedness
											ценности
	She's quiteopen-mindedaboutsex.
	values								ideasabout what isright andwrong, orwhat is
									important inlife
		areturntotraditionalvalues
	Yourattitudes aboutsexareaffectedby
	yourreligious andmoralvalues.
	assumption								somethingthat youthink istruealthoughyouhave
									no definiteproof
	Alotofpeoplemaketheassumptionthat
	povertyonly exists intheThirdWorld.
	Mycalculations werebased onthe
	assumptionthathousepriceswould										устанавливать личный
					remainsteady.
	to relate								to haveor establisha reciprocal relationship,
									interact
											контакт
	Shedoesn’trelatewelltoherpeers.
											преданность;сильная
	devotion								theloyaltythat youshowtowards aperson, jobetc,
									especiallyby workinghard
											привязанность
	thesoldier's courageand devotiontoduty
	his integrityanddevotiontohis patients
	comprehension								theabilitytounderstandsomething
											понимание; осмысление,
	Theydon'thavetheleastcomprehension
			of	of
				whatI'mtrying todo.
	Whyyoulethertalk you intodoing sucha
	foolishthing is beyondmycomprehension

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Vocabulary Practice

Find synonyms and synonymous expressions to the words in bold type.

Provide Russian equivalents to the words and words combinations. Translate the sentences.

We communicated mostly by e-mail.

The decision was communicated toour staff late in 1998.

Withoutmeaning to, she communicated her anxiety to her child.

She's clever, but she can't communicate her ideas.

Tom wasn't very communicative, and kept himself to himself.

Radio was the pilot's only means of communication.

Paris hasgood communications with many European cities.

Mike has enrolled on a week's course in improving communication skills.

AIDS is not communicable by foodor drink.

Her ideas were not easily communicable to others.

1.Руководитель даже не потрудился сообщить работникам о своем решении сократить штат.

2.Последнее время он предпочитает общаться с друзьями посредством facebook и других социальных сетей.

3.Они больше не разговаривают друг с другом.

4.Он очень хорошо умеет выражать свои мысли, поэтому именно его надо послать на этот семинар.

5.Она всегда была очень общительной, приветливой и с легким характером, это привлекает в ней многих людей.

6.Это заболевание непередаетсяот животных людям.

7.Он очень застенчив и поэтому записался на тренинг по повышению уверенности в себе, который может помочь ему также улучшитьсвои навыки общения.

8.Последние два года они почти не общались.

9.Она была чем-то встревожена, и эта тревога передалась мне.[structure change needed]

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Marie tried to find the rightwords to give shape to her ideas.

I really want to get in shape before summer.

The idea began to take shape about two years ago.

His generation believed they could shape the future.

People's political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers.

She's bought an exercise bike to keep in shape.

1.Считается,что средства массовой информации формируют умы и чувства людей.

2.Ты должен строить планы в соответствии со своими возможностями.

3.Он сможет сделать доклад, когда приведет его внадлежащий вид.

4.Хорошие спектакли, классическая музыка и опера формируют тонкий художественный вкус человека.

5.Ему стоит больших усилий поддерживать себя в хорошей форме.

It tends to rain here a lot in spring.

Janet tends to get very angry if you contradict her.

Interest rates aretending upwards.

I have to tend tothe children before I leave.

Some people may inherit atendency to alcoholism.

There is an increasing tendency for women to have children later inlife.

People tend to need less sleep as they get older.

1.	Вероятно
2.		, к ночи похолодает.
3.	Она	склоннак	преувеличению своих достижений.						Book
4.	Становясь старше, мы			склонны		обрастать вещами.
5.	Злоупотребление курением				может		плохо отразится на голосесклонность.		4:UnitStudent’s
	Очень часто подростки из неблагополучных семей проявляют							к самоубийству.

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Heart disease is one of thecommonest causes of death.

Bad dreams are fairly common among children.

It's common for new fathers to feel jealous of the baby.

It is common knowledge that travel broadens the mind.

They work together for thecommon good.

He insists that he is a revolutionary not a common criminal.

It was common practice for families to attend church together.

What we need now is a common-sense approach to education.

I found I had a lot in commonwith these people.

Luckily we all had a common language, English, which meant we could сommunicate with each other.

Miami has a large Cuban exile community.

1.Общеизвестно, что многие обычаи и нравы в прошлом были связаны с определенными религиозными праздниками.

2.Стороны никак не могли найти общего языка.

3.Хотя она не очень образованна, но ее всегда выручаетздравый смысл.

4.Атомная энергия должна быть использована наобщее благо всех народов.

5.Общеизвестно, что изучение истории и литературы страны способствуют лучшему знанию языка.

6.Этот стиль общения принятв деловых кругах.

7.В этом виде (животных) распространены строго иерархические отношения.

8.Нужно прислушаться к голосу разума.

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The incident was never referred to again.

It was a dull job listening to a speaker who was constantly referring to his notes

The library has a rich collectionof reference books.

The man seemed to haveexcellent references.

We agreed never to refer to the matter again.

He likes to be referred to as 'Doctor

Khee'.

1.Во время беседы он частоссылался на письмо, которое он написал руководству.

2.Очень скучно читать книгу на языке ради удовольствия, когда все время приходится

обращаться к словарю.

3.Читальный зал нашего института располагает прекрасными словарями и справочниками.

4.В статье есть прямая ссылка на исследование профессора МакНилс из Гарвардского университета.

5.Новая няня предоставила прекрасныерекомендательные письма.

He won't tolerate anyone challenging his decisions.

She was alwaystolerant of the views of the others as long as they didn't clash with her ownю

The car was in tolerable working condition.

It's easy to preach tolerance, how about practicing it?

Other factors contributing to a negative view of Britain were the royal family, violence in Northern Ireland and racial intolerance.

The pain had become intolerable.

1.С ним невозможно иметь дело – он просто невыносим, кроме того, он нетерпелив к людям и их мелким недостаткам.

2.Условия жизни в этом поселке оказались вполнесносными, и друзья решили остановиться в нем.

3.Надо научитьсятерпимо относиться к слабостям других людей.

4.В своей статье автор отметил тревожные тенденции роста религиозной нетерпимости и дискриминации в современном обществе.

5.Нетерпимостьтолько тогда можно считать положительным качеством, когда она проявляется по отношениюк негативным явлениям.

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Unit 4: Student’s Book

There is no real reason to say that French wines are superior toItalian.

Dealing with superiors at work, especially when they're younger than you, can be very tricky.

The company has a reputation for superior technology and customer loyalty.

Janet always spoke with an air of superiority.

Machismo is an exaggerated cult of virility which expresses itself in male assertions of superiority over females, and competition between men.

1.Если бы он не был человеком,превосходящим остальных в знаниях, к нему бы не обращались за помощью.

2.Он всегда старался показать своепревосходствонад другими, а нас возмущали его самоуверенный и высокомерный вид.

3.Новая методика значительно лучше предыдущей.

4.Тебе следует обратиться к начальнику за советом.

5.Никто не подвергает сомнению его превосходство.

Unit 4: Student’s Book

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