Электрохимия2001
.pdf59. |
Kame |
npoueccn n p i c a r o r Ha |
mrep~~brx3ne~rponaxa Kame eeiuecma |
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sw,uerunorcr |
npH |
3nemponme pamaopoB: a) CuClr; 6) AgNO3; |
B) Zn(NO3)r; |
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;A)Kzs047 |
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60. |
Ham- |
ypaaaeHm peruurrrii, |
n p o ~ e ~ a r o qH~a xm ~ o n |
h m~ exm p o m |
q i p u ~ ~ o n u 3 e
a)parnopa xnop~cromanb bum B Bone;
n)p a m p a c y n 4 a m M~I-HH% B Bone;
r)pacnnaBa c y n 4 a ~ uanwr;
n)BOXWX pacmopoB KzC03; Crz(S04b; AgN03.
m e p m m ~nerxpo~ux?Kame n p o n y 0~ 6~p~a ~ y ~ mBnn p ~ ~ a r o mH on ~p ~ a ~ o m o irpocrpmmax, e m 3ne1crpaw3 r r p o s o m c ~ ~ ~ @ p a m o i i ?
62.Kaxoe aenrecmo H B icaKou Komecree B w e m I i Ha ~ ~ ~ ( I H I D B O moneM npw
3ne~lpamr3epamopa CuCh e |
m aa K |
~ BN W ~ |
O 1,589C ~ r ~ e - ? |
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63. |
Comm.re cxeuy |
KCCOB COB, |
n p o n c x o ~m Memuax 3nempoAaq |
npn |
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3neKIpom3e B O A H O ~parnopa KNO3. |
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64. |
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y p a ~ m m 3 n e ~ r p o ~ m . 1nposecco~, npoTewK)mm |
npu |
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3ne~rpom3eso- |
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pamopoa BaCI2 H Pb@O3)r c ymnmm~memponam. |
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65. |
Kame |
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rqxnmwr aa I I J I ~ T X H O B ~3nenponax~ ~ |
u |
np0ayra-m |
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noJTy9mTcs npu3newrpommNaOH: |
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a) yro-, |
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6) mmene~nrii |
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66. |
O m a ~ o ~mn r6 y w rrpojxyicm 3nelrrpom3a pamopoa conee NaI II C G ? |
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OTB~T0 6 0 C ~ o ~Ca n O |
O |
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B ~ YpaBHemmH~~ pewmi?. |
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67. Ha- |
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yjmBHem pemodi, l r p o r r ~ a r o mHa amwe n m n e mmoro |
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p a m p a MnS04,e |
m 3ne~rpom:a) yfonbme; 6)Mapmuware. |
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68. |
COCEiBbTe ypaBHeHJiR npoUeCmB, npoTeKaK)= |
- q I p H 3ne-A3e |
PaCXIJIaBOB |
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NaOH a NiCIz c mepmwiu 3 n e ~ r p o ~ m u . |
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69: H ~ ~ I I I AypaBaeHmT ~ |
peawnii y m n a u aixona q u 3nempome B O W O ~ |
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parnopa NiC12, e |
m 6 m r r p m e ~ e mon: a) yrommdi B 6)~ ~ ~ e n e s a r i i . |
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70. |
Cocrasbre cxeMy |
3ne~1pom3a pacTBopa |
m-para c s m a |
(ymm~are |
s n n e m f i Ha zrreKIponax BO Bcex q e x a m a x , ecm B nepsoii same aa KaTone non~UJIU1 Mf BOAOPOAB?
72. TOKC W I O ~2,5 A npoxonm n m e n o ~ a ~ e n qepega~o pamopar ~ e C l za Fea3 B TeqeHue 30 YHH. Om~aicoaoem u pa3noe KOJIH~~CTBOmenesa u ra3a a ~ n e n r n rHa 3ne~1ponax7Ch~anomsepnuFe pac4eTOM. B, = 100%. Ka~ofira3 BMBJIUTCII Ha anonax?
73. Kaic 3ne1t-rpomnrrec~unonymn LiOH ~3 corn mm? Kame KVO 3nelrrpwec~~ae o 6 x o m om nonyrlenurr 1 T LiOH? Cocrasb~ecxeMn 3ne~rpon~b1x npoueCCOB.
74 |
Coc~asb~ecxeMbi 3nelcrponwsa BonHux pacTBopos coneii a) C 6 0 4 na Menubrx |
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3JleKTpo.llaX; 6) NiS04 Ha |
HHKeneBbfX |
3J'EvnaX qTCI vH30iineT |
npH 3aMeHe |
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M'32JIJIWfeCKKX3neKIpOnOBY ~ o ~ ~ H ~ I M H ? |
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75. |
Hanwruu~eypaaHeHm pearc~k,n p m ~ m w t i xHa rpa@mabrx3ne~rpo~axnpw |
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3ne~fponnse:a) pacnnaaa xnopwa arm; 6) pacmopa xAoprlqa M |
X |
~ C. ~ o n b ~ o |
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BpeMeHH H ~ O ~ X O A H BeClM~ O |
3ne~rponu3npki Cline TOKa 2 A, ~ |
0 Ha6 KaTOAe~ |
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~ ~ n e m ~2,43~ o cr sewcmab m pea- |
H ((6>>? |
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76. |
Kame npoueccu 6ynyr rrpomcaTr, Ha 3nercrpo~axn p 3~n e ~ t p ~ wpacrBopoa:se |
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a) ZnC& r i 6) ZnS04 c UUHKOBHMH ~ J I ~ K T ~ ~ ~ H ? |
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77. |
Yepe3 PaCTBOPbl FeCl2, C a zH MgS04 mnOBaTeJIbH0 ~ l l |
) ' |
C TOK~ B 2A |
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B XrIeaHe 20 ~ mKame. s e q e m H B KXOM Kwmecme BHnenmncb B K ~ O M |
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crrysae? |
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78 |
Karc nonro ~ a n nponycKan, TOK |
cmo%2,5 A qepe3 pacnnaanem* |
~uxnopm |
C B W a , ~m6b1Ha KaTme BbIn~JlHllOCb20 T. hfe~anna?COCTaBbTe CXeMy 3JIeKfPoJIH3aHa yronbmx meqonax . &= 100%.
79. B m u c m sbixon no mrcy, 3 ~ mm, nowe nponycKararrr mrca 0,5 A qepes p a m p ZnS04 B Teseme 30 MKH Macca Kmna penmnnacb Ha 0,25 r. Aan, cxeMy 3neqomsa Ha ~ O B U 3~1e~1ponaxX .
80.Vepes pamop cynb@araxene3a (II) nporrycm TOK cunoii 13,4 A B Tmeme
14.Onpename Komecmo xenaa, Koropoe W~JIHJIOC~ Ha rcamne, e m smon no TOKY 6~ paBeH 70%. H a n m ~ ~ypamemur peamud, r p n v x m ~ s ~Hax 3neqonax.
A H Or~p a @ m ~ ~ i i .
81. Karcoe sewerno H B =OM KonAgecTBe B m e m x na r p a @ m ~arrone~ WH 3 n e q o m s e pamopa CuS04 ,ecm Ha Kamne sunemocb 1,589 r ~ e m ?
82. 3~rerrrpompamopa K2S04n p o ~ o n u nc~H ~ ~ C T B O ~3 ~n Me qWo n a ~n ~p ~ cme TOW 2,68 A a XgeHae 1 r. Cocmsb~eypaBHew WqeccoB, ~~OHCXOLIRILIRXHa 3neqonax, samucnme 065eu s m m m c r npa H.YHa. 3neq0,qax BexumB.
83. |
snemponuse pamopa |
cym@ara Mem Ha =one |
B6inenmocb 560 Mn |
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Kucnopona, n 3 ~ e p e ~ ~no rpoH~.Y.C K O ~ KIQ~MMOBB ~ ~ J W ~ O HaC L~ m |
~ e |
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84. &n |
Barnenearn I,75 r |
HeKoToporo arms ~3 |
pamopa |
ero |
m a |
nolpe60sanocb npoll)'CTurbTOK cmofi I,8 A B XqeHne I,5 9. B~IWCJIKTI~3KBHBaJIeHT MexarLm.
Ha IcaTone sbuemocb 42,5 r .K- H~IIUIIIUT~y p a w e m peamwil, npoTeKaIonIux Ha yronbHmx 3 n e m p o ~PaccwdiTe. B, K ~ , ~ M K I I .
86. 3ne~rpomspamopa c y n b w wHKa nposorprnH c ~ e p a m o p u aHonaMH~~~u B m e m e 6,7 s , B p e 3 y m m sero mnenmocb 5,6 n Kucnopona, mMepemoro npw~ . y .
87. npu mercrponme pamopa nayxsanenTHoroMeTaruIa Ha =one a6inmnoca 560 MJI ra3a (H.Y.),a Ha KaTOAe 3a 3TO Xe BpeMX - 1,6 r MeEUlJla . Ka~0ff3TO MeEUlJ17
88. Yepe3 pamop xnopuna xenem (11) nponycmu TOK cunoti 3 A B Eqemie 10 MHH,a sepes pamop xnopma xenesa (TII) - TOK cunoii 5A B TeseHue 6 MWI Pa3~oe
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4:
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,89. H m u r m e ypaBHeHm pea~qnli,npoTeKaroaux Ha 3ne~rponaxnpn welcrponuse
~o n ~ opacmopar cynb@amH U KPacc~o~pnTe.npn 3 ~ 0a)~3ne~~ponbl.rrruteneeue;
6)3ne~rponb1Hepamopmue. Ka~ofin o m a 6 m cma TOM,~ 6 6 3a1 10 9 na KaTone s~~nenmocb47 r ~merur rp ~suxone no TOKY 80 %?
90 |
KaKoe |
Beueclgo N B KaKOM KOJIWIeCTBe BblAeJIHJIOCb Ha KaTOAe q F 3 |
3neqonuse pacmopa SnCh, ecnn Ha mone swemtnocb I, 12 n xnopa (n.y.)? |
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91. |
& ~ a n b |
6nna oujmcosakia 3a 1 s 40 MHH3ne~1po~uq.- pamop znS0.1. Macca |
noicpnms (Zn) cocmmer 7,84 r. Bmon no m ~ -y 72,2 %. 9 e ~ 6ym a pama cma m ~ a ?
92.nonysem 1 M~ xnopa (n.y.1 n p 3~n e ~ q m m e~ o n ~ opacmopar xrropr~a HaTpex sepe3 pamop rrpoqmeao 2500 A*s 3neqrtrlecfsa. Bmucnme B ~ O P no( TOWH. a n m T e cxeMy 3 n e ~ q o m ca yronbHbUru 3ne~qmnmu.
93.TOKnpoxom nocxenoBamHo sepes pamopn cynGam Mem H LIwxnopwa
onosa. Yepes neKmpoe ~ p e mB MPBOM |
B E J A ~ O C3,1761~ -Memi. Kame Korruseclgo |
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onow snnenunocb 3a 3m Bpentn ~3 |
B T O ~ Opamopa~ |
(3nercrpOm mepmre, |
BrIOO%)? &GE cxeMar 3ne~rponu3.~aT H Xconeii. |
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94.C K O ~ KI -O~ ~ MH2s0OB.1 06pa3ymn oKono Hepamopmom 3nempona npa
3 n e q m w pamopa Na2S04, e m xa |
=one s n n e r u r m ~],I2 n |
mcnopona, |
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H ~ M ~ ~ ~ H~ IHPOBx~.yO.? B P ~ C J L MaccyK~~ ~erqecrrsa,~ n n e ~ m o r q e rnaocm~ n e . |
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95. TOKB 20 A B m e m e 30 MUH I I ~ |
O ~ ~sepe3C KpacnnaB~ |
raouropnna camma. |
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Haiim Maccy BwerruBmerocR c s w a a O&M |
0 6 p a s o ~ a ~ m e mra3ax (H.Y.).C m b x |
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cxerq 3ne~rpow3a(Pt - menporn). |
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96. TOKB 3 A B ~ e g e m egaca nporryc~ril~sepe3 pamop |
-am |
cepe6pa. |
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CKOJBKQ~ ~ ~ M Mcepe6paO B BnnemuIocb Ha m n e ? |
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97.B myx 3 n e q m 3 e p a x c r p a @ m o ~ bm~~e nq o n a m r r p ~ u c x o m3ne1~1pom:
a)pamopa emom H q a , 6) pacnnasa emoro ~aTpa. H a m m i x ypasnem sneKrpopx perum~G.PaccwTaiiTe Maccy s e r q m , s n ~ m u r n x c nHa Kamne, npe npoxowemu 26,8 A*¶ 3neKqmecTsa B snempomsepax.
98.Hpn snempnme pamopoB MgS04 u CuS04 B 3 n e ~ q ~ o m e p acoemembmx, nocnenosawmio, Ha m n e omoro us 3 n e ~ q ~ o m e pBbuennnocb~ 0,2 r ~ o n q o m . CKOJBKOrpamoB ~erqecmaB H ~ ~ J I ~ HaO Cnpyrm~ 3neqonax ~ J E I C I ~ ~ ~ ~
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3nerrrpo~1~~yronbmre. |
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99. IIpn n p o x o w e m s e p a pamop corn .rpexsaneumioro hfeTanrra Tom cmoii |
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1,5 A B x.reHse 30 MUH Ha Kamne ebrnemocb 1,071 r mmsna. Onpenemre amMHp |
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Maccy ~eranna. |
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100. Kame Bemearia H B KaKoM K o m e m e BW-C~ |
xa =one |
n KaTone npa |
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snempomse pamopa MgCh npe ToKe B 2 A B Tesemie 0,5 s? A ~ o n s r m m e x us |
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mepntoro mnpuana. |
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101. Kame npoqeccbr wy-r Ha r p a @ m ~ mempoaax npu 3nel~1pomepamopa |
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KOH? C ~ o n b ~rpaMMoB semecma sblnerrwrcn Ha 3neKIponax npe npoxomAeHm sepes |
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pamop ToKa cmoii 6,7 A B Tesemie 1s 7 |
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102. Bmncnu~bsbrxon no T O K ~ ,~ H S LIOIY- ,nocne nporryc~a~wrToKa 0,5 A sepes |
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pacrsop ZnSO4 B reseatie 30 o u l ~Macca Kamm p e n w m a c s Ha O,25 r |
cxetdy |
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snemponma Ha I-pa@mmxsnelcrponax. |
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A 6 c o m ~ se ~ a r e ~z nme m p o m x nore~IsHanoBno cnx nop onpenemin He
mpecmru~aro~onrocaTerrbHo CB3, npmom K r a ~a3arsae~oE'bonopomoii mane"
noremwanoB, |
Bemmi~ a n e m a |
xnopcepe6pmom mempona, |
mrdeperiaarr |
m o c m w n a o |
CB3, paeaa +0,222 B. |
nomluy nepecseT 3~ase- |
nOTeRuuma |
3 n e ~ e t ~ m |
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LIenb v a 6 m . Orrpenemm cran,qapme |
n o T e m a m Memoro, m o ~ o r ~ |
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~n-nos. |
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~ ~ u 6 0 u bwl |
ve-61. |
JIaruno~uji ~onaGerp, x n o p c e p e 6 p ~ 3 n e q o n , |
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cone~oEMOCTWK,I I I K O B ~ u Mewm n n a c m m (3nelcrpom), I M p a m o p u ZnS04 H |
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Bnnowemie |
va6om: |
C o 6 p m crannapnmrii ~ e m i i3nempon: xopomo |
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3 a m m Me- |
rmacTIlHKy norppmb |
B |
I M pamop CuS04. C noMorsbm |
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coneBoro ~mmah4e.LuUii |
3 n e q o n c o |
e |
m c memponoM c p a s a e m . 06a |
ranbsmmecicue 3 n e ~ e n ~nh 1p m m ~anwc~sa'laB s m e CXeM. Hanpn~ep,cxeMa Me~HO~~KOBO~O3neMema ( 3 n e ~ e ~,~~wa~ J u I - % o ~ uMOXeT) 6brra npencTaaneHa TaKKM o6pa30~:
(-)ZnlZnS~llCuSO4lCu(+)KJIU(-)zn12nZf~~CU~+ICU(+). |
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O n ~ BeprwKanbHax s e p Ha cxeMe o 3 ~ a q a erpmrry~ |
M e w Me-rannoM s PacTBopoM |
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3neicrpom, m e wpm r p m a y ~exc.uypacmopaue. |
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3 n e q o n c Megamwr nOremanoM |
~ a m c ~ r ~ a e rcoa J H ~ K O M (-) cnem |
n |
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Ha3bZBaeTCR ilHOAOM, 3JIelQOA C 6 0 m m |
nOTeHqHilllOM Iia3bIBaeTCR KaTOAOM |
H |
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sarrulcbr~ae~c~coSHKOM (+) cupasa Ha =one |
scerna npoucxonuT npo~ecco m c n e m , |
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Ha Kamne - npouecc ~ o c m o h n e H m .Ecnn |
3 a ~ l o r y ~3an e q o m , m 3 n e ~ r p o ~nosr |
- ~ H m e fuenui m K Mem ( m ma, memmero 6onee olpasarenb~brfi n o w m a n , K MeTamy c MeRee O q w w a m m M n m ~ m a n o ~n) o. Mepe y m e m 3neqonoa c WHKOBOE~ ~ ~ C T UROKMA H mnKa nepexow B pamop. L&HK olcucmmr:
ih-2e = znz' |
( m o r n npoqecc). |
3ne~1pom.1,nocrymuoae K Memo6 nnaamme, B O C C ~ ~ ~ ~ B J I H B ~KamowrI O T |
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em n3 pamopa et5 corm: |
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CU'" + 2e = Cu |
(rcamm ttpowecc). |
C ~ M M U ~npoqeccb~,YR wymie Ha |
060m rneqonax, nonpaeu ~ o m o e |
ypameme o m c n ~ f ~ ) - ~ o m o ~ r n,p-n b ~ o E3a cser ~ m p o EB s n e ~ e m |
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~ o s m e3nercrpwecrodi TOK: |
zn + cu2+= &++ cu |
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3AC more memema M O ~ O I T O A C ~BH- , |
~3 n m m u a n a |
nanomenbaoro 3ne~rpona ( ~ a ~ o n an)m a m a n orpwaTeJxbRoro (a~tona). 3AC
m f ~ a p m o mM ~ A H O - ~ ~ B OmI -Dec~oro |
3 n e ~ e m |
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E0= E O ~ ~ -+EO&+&~. = 0,337 - (-0,762)= 1,099 B. |
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Uenb u a 6 m . Onpen- |
3AC cnenyIom r a m m a m e c m 3neMema: |
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Zn I ZnSO4 [ICuS04 I Cu, |
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Zn I ZnS04 11 NiS04 I Ni, |
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Ni [ NiS04 11 CuS04 [ Cu. |
IIvn6ovar u Dearrrwabr. Bonbmerp, Zn, Ni H Cu - M a i m m a (3neqonb1), I M pamop61 ZnS04, NiS04,CuS04, coneeofi M O C Tnposona,UK Ham9awiUI 6 y ~ a r acocynb~,
DJUI 3neKIpOAOB. |
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Bnnomeme p a h . Xopomo sa-emsre |
WHKOB~IO A Memgm IIII~CIHHKR |
norpy3m coomenmemo B I M NiS04 u I M CuS04.
C T ~ K ~cHpMm o p a ~ aC o e m T b c noMowKI ConeBoro ~ o m a 3. n e ~ l p o ~ npFiCO~UHKT6K JIaMlIOBOMY BOJIbTMeTpY U U3MePW BeJIH9UHJ' 3fiC Memo-WfZKOBOKl ramBamqecKoro 3 n e ~ e mA. ~ a n o r m ou s ~ e p m3AC =em-QKHKOBO~OuMWO- wmeneBoro ~ J I ~ M ~ H T O B .
Onpenenm s ~ a ~norewanoB srreqonoa. Ka~osomrrpaBneHue m a B nccrrergleMHx rarrbBaawsecm 3 n e ~ e ~ m xHannca~b? ypasnmne OK~cnaTeRbHo-
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K ~ O ~ L - Ia pemaar . Cem |
I I P O ~ K ~ O K , M~AII~LII,xene3~ax, C B ~ Q O B ~ R , |
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pamopar coneii CoS04, Pb(NO&, CdS04, NiS04, ZnSO4, FeS04, MgS04, peaKIuBb1 |
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ZIyrae~a,Kpacnm q w ~ m a nc o s , ~ |
L U |
I ~ T ~ O BGy~ara,~ ~ Hcremmme~ R |
niUrOpKN. |
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Bnno~rrrenne ua6om. Bce |
~ a a n n bnepen~ |
HaranoM onnmB H ~ O ~ X O A W M O |
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m a T e m o % ~ C T H Tnamqawroji~ |
6y~aroZi.B mxpyro u3 n-p 0 6.~ p ouaneiix~ no 1.0 - |
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I,5 MJI ~ K ~ ~ ~ F Ws nIuXe p a c ~ ~ o pBo~Bce. pacmop~,,3a KcKmosemeM pamopa corm |
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p |
m |
. AoCTaHbTe K 3 Q O ~ K ~ OCBHHL[OBUeK |
IUIaCTUHKK K OIIYCTNTe BO BCe PaCIBOPM, |
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3a |
u c m s m e r parnopa corn xmesa, |
xene3me nnacrurncu. K ~ K H~cxarrm |
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B |
m |
m a M parnopOB coneii f eneso~?Harwmrre ypassIeHEur p e a d . Y ~ a Bm |
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KWOM |
crrysae nepexon 3netcrpo~o~K porn xene3a B npomcamm peamum. K ~ K O B ~ |
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~ o m ~ o ~ n m m~ iK aT NxB H O Cxenesa~ |
no cpaBnem c BnTecHeHmMH ~ e ~ a n n a ~ u ? |
~B ~ A iwaJ'IOlXPWkJeK T ~ O m b l C tI.JKiC7'HHKaMKMenu, KaAMKX, HIFKenB, UkfHKa H
Marwax. Ha6mnaii-re ~ a x ~ b pa3,~ i i B K ~ K E ~ Xn p o 6 ~ p ~ anponcxom BnTecHeHae Maanna us pamopa conu. Hamiurn ypaBHem npmKammix p e w 3 c y ~ a 3 a m e ~ nanpaanem uepexona 3 n e q o ~ o ~ .
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@HI~M~HHC!~ O C K O ~ ~ KBhlAeneHUe) ' |
U 3 |
HeKOTOPhlX PaCTBOPOB MeTannUYeCKOM) |
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xenesa |
U HUKeILR |
BU3YalIbHO |
H e |
aa6m.qaaca, ~ e o 6 x o ~ uIlOClYIIaTb~ o |
CnenymquM |
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06pa30~. |
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I . |
B ~ ~ y r a r u3i i |
pamopa FeS04 ~ e ~ a nr rnp o ~ b r r bn ~ c r u n n u p o e a ~ ~~onoii,i |
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OCTOpOXHO BblCyUIUTb |
@FUlbTp0BaJIbH0fi |
6 y ~ a r o R U |
HaHeCTU |
Ha |
erO |
n O B e p X H O c n l |
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c T e m n ~ i ~ o nanomali i |
WIO |
UomcneHHoro pacmopa ~ p a c ~ o fi ip o ~ a ~ o conHi i |
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K3[Fe(CN)& B cnysae, ecnu Ha noBepxHom M e T a n n a sb~newnocbus pacrBopa Zenem, |
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w patmitop oKpacma B cnmii user. |
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2. |
Barny-m |
u r n |
u3 |
pamopa |
NiS04, |
n p o M m r b |
B O A O ~ ~ , n p o c p m |
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@ u r m l p o ~ a n b ~ o6y~aroiiiu cremxmoii nanomoii HaHecm H a em nosepmocn K a n n r i |
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p e a m a Yyrae~a. Kpac~oe OKpaunrBanue |
parnopa yKa3bIBae-c |
R a |
HanHYHe |
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n O B e p X H O ~ - U C C n e A y e M O r OMf51~2IJIaH H K e m . |
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~ P HBJdTeCHeHKH MeTaJIJlOM, CTOIIn(UM B neB0fi |
r p a @ e , Ap)TOrO Me?-anna |
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paCTBOpa er0 COnU W b T e 3HaK (+) nOn HOHOM BHTeCHeHHOTO MeTaJUla, Tki 0TC)TCTBKH |
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p e a h w M e |
V MerarrnoM H pamopoM 3 |
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K a ~ o i i U 3 HCCneAOJ3aHHbiX M e T a n n O B |
caMb1ii |
C I ~ T J ~ H HB~ O~ C C T ~ H O B ~ ~ ~ |
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P a c n o n o m ~ r euccnenosanme M ~ - ~ J U I L IB |
n o p a A K e y6bi~akomeii~ |
o c c ~ a ~ o |
~ m m ~ |
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aKL"UBH0CTH. H a n m ~ Be IIOJIyWHHOM pRL[Y ahTHBHOCTU |
nOA K W I M MeTaJIJIOM elW |
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c ~ a w i a p t n ~snexai i -pomarii |
noxwum. C O O T B ~ Bna ~c ~o cT~ a ~ n e n ~ b sraiMi H |
pm |
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aKIXBHOCM p a C n O n O X e ~MeTiUfJIOB B PRL[Y C E 3 H j l w b I X 3JIercrpORHbIX R O T e H U H m B |
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(CM. ~~pmoxeme)? |
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uenb pa60~bi.YCT~HOBUT~3neKTPOXHMWeChYfO a h m H O C T L HeKOMPbIX M-OB |
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(MCJW, Xene3a, CBHHUa, |
UHHKB, HUKeJUI, KwMUI( H MWHHII)OTHOCHTeJIbHO BOAOPOZlil. |
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IIp~60pb1&ip e a m e b r . C e ~ np06iip0~,b Kycov~uMeTanJlOB CU,Fe, Pb,Zn, Ni, Cd, |
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Mg, 1M p a m o p cona~oiimicnoTbz. |
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B ~ I ~ o J I H C HpUa 6~o n r . Ha n#o KWOK |
rn ceMn V |
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O I IKO M ~ C T U T ~nop03Hb no |
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K ~ C O Y KCU,~ |
Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Mg u n |
p |
m no |
1-2 Mn |
I M pacmopa c o r v r m i i |
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KUCJTOT~IY. c p e 3 2-3 M H ~ W O T M ~ T H~ a, K a m x Meramax 0 6 p a 3 ~ x aI I Y ~ ~ I P ~ Kra3aW |
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( r r p 0 6 ~ p ~COy |
CBXHUOM H ~ O ~ X O ~ HIIOAOTpeTb,M T a K KaK 06pa3y10~lmcn |
B pCaKUUH COnb |
PbClz npn K O M H ~ T H O ~TeMnepaType~ |
q y m o pamopnMa H Bcnenmwe 3roro |
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n p e m m y e r rrporexam~,pearcuna). |
pea~unx? AGTC 0 6 a ~ c t r e ~ u eCocranb~e. |
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M o J ~ ~ I C ~ J L X ~MH NOHHbIe~~ ypaBHeHWl peamlifi. ~ P M H H M ~ 3JIeKKPonHb6R |
lTOXHUHaJl |
sonopona pasrram ~ynro,nwecTHTe ~onoponB rronylree~ariiB o n m I p a ~KIXBHOCW MeTaJJIOB.
A. 3JIeKlQoJIfi3p3CTBOpa H2S04 C MeAHblM aHOAOM
Xon ua60n1. 3 a ~ p e n m~ne-rn B ~p-e marcam, B c r a w a a n e h Ha 314 0 6 w ~ aC ~ P H OKUCnOTbl~ ~ . 3 n e r r r p o ~rIOAKJIlOWfK K KneMMaM BbUlpXMUTeJlX SUIR amy~yrrrrrop~oii6a ~ a p sepes~ peocraT. Yronbmlii 3nempon nomen 6 ~ KaTonoMm (o~pnuaTemm2n m c ) , a ~ e m b r i isne-n - ~HO,UOM ( n o n o m n b ~ ~ nomoc)i i . Y ~ O B HtianpmemieT~ Ha 3nelcrponax rrpmepHo 1,5 B (narrp~xe~weKoHqonapoBala no ~ o n b m q ya) B Teseme 4- 5 ~ m ynporrycKaiire ~ e p eps a m o p TOK.
3 a n m Bce CBOH ~ a 6 J x t O ~ en~ ~o n6 a ~ c mKX. Kame peamgm Ha snemponax B Hasane 3ne1crponasa H sepes aeKmpoe e p e ~ a ?K a ~ o imi samerutm~B Haqane snercrponu3a tia yronbAoM ~ a r o x e ?I I o s e ~ ypacmop o ~ p a u ~ ~ ~B aro~ry60iimx U B ~ THaIDXTe? BCC BOJMOXHUC lIpOUCCb1 Ha KaTOAe U m0Ae. Kame u3 HUX NnyT B n e l m ~ s o c m C?o m b - r e cxeMy sne~rponusaH2S04.
6 . 3 n e ~ l ~ o nnacbmremorou3 pamopa NaCl c M e m M a 3nercrpona~n
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BblnonHeHwe va6oTbl. C o 6 e p m cxmy &w 3nercrponusa. B KpbILUKe |
CTaKaHa |
3a~penmeK e w e 3neIcrpo.w H o n y m wxB r o p m i i pacmop ( 70 - 90 'C |
) NaCI. |
Ya-mo~m-eHa KneMMax snen-ponmepa HanpRmeKue 1,3 - 1,4B,B Teseme 5 wiyl npouyc~aii-re3nercrpusecmGTOK crepes pacr~op.
0- CBOU ~ a 6 w e mn 0 6 h n c m ux. C o c ~ a s b ~cxmye 3neKrj)OdHblx npouecum. Ywme, ao Merm omcnrrercn no cuZ+,a ~ p a c ~ o - ~ o p w m eo~mnioi x -
Cu20. 3 m m cyMMapHoe ypamieme peamuin sneKTponum.
MnS04 II I M H2S04(coonroure~ne2 : I); 6) 0,5 M CuC12 S%-rl~riiKI; n) SYk-i~uii, @ e t ~ o n @ ~ m er)e ~0,sr; M Na2S04,nalcuyc.
a) 3 n e ~ ~ p o npamsopau MnS04
3ne1crponuspacmopa c nepacrnopuMim aIIonoM npoaonuxn n npu6ope, c o c ~ o n q eus~ U-06pa3~0iiT Q ~ ~ KtiunBYX HHepTllbIX 3ne~rpOAODCo6epu~e.CXeMy 3n~KTpOmi3aB. U-06pa3~bljiCOCYn ~3JIeiiR(lla 3/4 0 6 a e ~ aPaCTBOp,) COCTOXUW~~3 2 M m S 0 4 11 M H2S04(coonroure~ueO ~ L ~ M O2B : 1). B Kavecme sneKrponoa rrcnonbsyfi-re cnurlqonbre ImacmHm. Y c m i o ~ r nHarrpmzeane Ha wre'max sne~~ponusepanpnMepHo 3,5 B w B
TeveHHe 2-3 MnHyT nponyc~aii~esepes pacrBop |
3neKIpmecu.G TOK.BO BpeMn |
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~ n e ~ ~ p o n r Hars aatlone sunexrrercn ~ o p m ~ e a uoi ci a n o ~MnOz. 9m sblnennercn aa |
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~aroae'?Xlohiew~e,s m pacmop n o i ~ c n e e Coc~asbTe!cxeMy 3ne~q1onu3a. |
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6) 3nercrponus pacTBopa CuCI2 |
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Haneii~eB U-O~PX~HYKIT Q ~ K J J0,s M p a m o p C U C ~BCTaBbTe, |
B 06a KoJIeHa T Y ~ K I I |
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yronbme 3 n e ~ q o nnpucoemHme~, mi K KCTOWKY |
nocTomoro mKa w nporiyc~aii~e |
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TOK B TegeHue 4-5 m ~ y (~anpnxce~uer2,s-3 B). Bbwrtoswa TOK,y6enmecb, s ~ Hao |
KaTOne BbIAWKnaCb hfenb. TO BbIneJIReTCII Ha =one? HOWMY?C O C T ~ BCXeMy~T~ snercrponam.
B)3 n e q m u 3 pacmopa KI
~ ~ I I O J ~ H UK T- 0~6 ~ ~ 3 ~ b3JiercrpoJtH3eplj 5O/&-Hb1~PaCTBOPOM KI, ~ 0 6 a ~ b T3e-4 K m @e~on@~arreutxaorrycm~eB Hem yr'OnbHbIe 3ne~rpo~brY. C T ~ O HanpnxeHlteBI~~ Ha 3ne~rponaxnp~6nu3menb~oB w rrponyc~aiiresepes pacmop TOK B TeseHue 1,s-2,O
MU^. K B T O . ~ ~npocqaHcmoO ~ |
otcpamueaercr!B ~arru~oebriiqneT. nolreuy? B ~ O ~ |
H O U |
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npoc-rpmcTse noamaercn |
6ypax ooKpacKa c ~ o 6 0 g ~ o r Bona. |
C o c ~ a a b ~ ecxmy |
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3neicrpomsa. |
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r) 3 n e ~ r p o npacTsopa~ Na2S04 |
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B U-06pa3~blii3neqon1i3ep |
~aneii-rePaCTBOp 0,5 M Na2S04, ti |
KOTOPOhiY ~ 0 6 a ~ b T e |
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3 - 4 ~ m m rn m y c a . Ha |
yrmbHbre 3ne1crpom, orrymeaHbre B pacmop, nonaiiTe |
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Haripnxcewie 3,O B. B TeseHue 2 - 3 ~ m y sepesr pacTaop nponyc~aii~eTOK. |
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3anurua~e CBOK ~ a 6 n m n e ~ mO~LXCHKT~. M ~ H ~ oKpacxwH U ~ |
pacmopa |
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KaTOAHOM K aHOnROM IIpOCT'paHCTsaX.& C T ~ B ~ TCXehfy~ 3neKlpOJIU3a. |
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Uenb Da60TH. ~ H B K O ~ I C T BCO r830BbIM KYJiOHOMeqOM |
M MeTOnOM OflpeAeJleHIiri |
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0 6 5 e h f ~ bBI ~3JIe~XUMH'leCKUX3KBIIBaJIeHTOB m0B. |
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n ~ l i 6 0 ~ Ub 1DeaKTUBbI. M C T O ' I ~ KIIOCTOIiHHOrO TOKB, |
KYnOHOMeTP, |
aMilepMeTjl, |
ceKyrfaoohrep, rrposona, Textilirecsue secbr, I M KOH. |
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COCTOHT U 3 06b1s~oroCTBKL~H; U ,LXflJX rWOB61X ~ K I P ~ T OCKBCEiBneHHbIMU |
CHU3Y An2 |
c6opa r W BOpOHtiahfU. Hwxe BOPOHOK YCTaHGBneHM HuKeneBble 3JIeKIPOAbI. B CTaKaH sannaae~cxI M pacmopa KOH, s a r e ~OH sacacaraae~caB ra3osue 6mpemu, u n p ~ 6 o p BIcnIosaeTcx B 3neh-rpuqechyiocub .
~IPH me-mse |
B pesyim~a~e-xetlwc |
eonw Ha KaTone abwmieTcr Bonopon, |
1 |
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a Ha atlone BbIAemTCff rEl(pQKC~-HOHblA 0 CBO~OXHOKISUiCnOpOAa. |
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K: 2H20+ 2e = H2+ 2 0 H , |
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. A: 20H- - 2e = HzO + 1/202 |
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IiaVRJ'IoM |
OllbITa OTM€XbTe 06beMbl B 61opmax no HHXHeMY MeHHCKY |
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pacmopa (mu~ao-rc.rem). |
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Y c w o e m e TOK B uemi 0,3 A. I? B TeqeHwe 15 M K H ~ Tn p o n y e ~ a h eero sepes |
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p a m o p . P~~OMKHKXuena H smeprriiFe o6aehm sblnemmmxcs B x-ii |
6 1 o p e ~ ~ u |
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rW0B IIO PWHOCTH |
HaSfiJIbHOrO U KOHe¶HOIY) O ~ S ~ M O BPaCTBOPOB. |
np~Be.Z(&fTe |
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nonyserraue O ~ W ~ M I J K H O P M ~ ~ H ~ I YCIIOBURM. PaccvmjiTe 0 6 b e ~ w e u |
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3~1ercrpox~~mecic~e i ~ ~ ~ a aonoponae m |
u mcnopona no ~ ~ K O H YOapanea. |
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Onpenerne o m 6 ~ oy m . |
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