инжсети

4.9 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɛɚɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ

Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɛɚɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

Wɛ = Wɪ +Wɩ/ɩ, ɦ3,

(4.16)

ɝɞɟ Wɪ – ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ, ɦ3;

Wɩ/ɩ – ɧɟɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ 10-ɦɢɧɭɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɜɨɞɵ, ɦ3.

Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɛɚɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4.5.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.5 – Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɛɚɤɚ ɛɚɲɧɢ

	ɑɚɫɵ		ȼɨɞɨ-	ɉɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ	ɉɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ	Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ	Ɉɫɬɚɬɨɤ
			ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ,	ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ,	ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɛɚɤ,	ɢɡ ɛɚɤɚ,	ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ,
	ɫɭɬɨɤ
			%	%	%	%	%
	0	- 1	2,17	3,0	0,83	-	0,83
	1	- 2	1,80	3,0	1,20	-	2,03
	2	- 3	2,10	3,0	0,90	-	2,93
	3	- 4	2,10	3,0	0,90	-	3,83
	4	- 5	2,11	3,0	0,89	-	4,72
	5	- 6	4,12	4,65	0,53	-	5,25
	6	- 7	5,28	4,65	-	0,63	4,62
	7	- 8	5,28	4,65	-	0,63	3,99
	8	- 9	6,23	4,65	-	1,58	2,41
	9 - 10		6,24	4,65	-	1,59	0,82
	10	- 11	4,82	4,65	-	0,17	0,65
	11	- 12	5,42	4,65	-	0,77	-0,12
	12	- 13	4,85	4,65	-	0,20	-0,32
	13	- 14	4,78	4,65	-	0,13	-0,45
	14	- 15	4,82	4,65	-	0,17	-0,62
	15	- 16	4,82	4,65	-	0,17	-0,79
	16	- 17	3,77	4,65	0,88	-	0,09
	17	- 18	5,10	4,65	-	0,45	-0,36
	18	- 19	5,10	4,65	-	0,45	-0,81
	19	- 20	5,11	4,65	-	0,46	-1,27
	20	- 21	5,11	4,65	-	0,46	-1,73
	21	- 22	4,97	4,60	-	0,37	-2,10
	22	- 23	1,95	3,0	1,05	-	-1,05
	23	- 24	1,95	3,0	1,05	-	0,00
	ȼɫɟɝɨ		100,00	100,00	8,23	8,23	-

21

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ Wɪ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɭɬɨɤ, ɫɱɢɬɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɚɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɫɭɬɨɤ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ «ɩɥɸɫ», ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ «ɦɢɧɭɫ». ɉɨɥɧɵɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ «ɩɥɸɫ» ɢ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ «ɦɢɧɭɫ», ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɩɨ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ n = 5,25 + − 2,10 = 7,35 %, ɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ

Wɪ = n Qɫɭɬ.max = 7,35 26662 =1960 ɦ3 . 100 % 100

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [1, ɩ. 9.5; 8, ɩ. 9.5], ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɛɚɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 10 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɜ ɱɚɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ

Wɩ/ɩ =	(qɜ	ɩ/ɩ + qɧɩ/ɩ) 600	+	q	ɱ.max	,	(4.17)
		1000
					6

ɝɞɟ qɜɩ/ɩ ɢ qɧɩ/ɩ – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɟ, ɥ/ɫ.

Wɩ/ɩ = (25 5) 600 + 1664,22 = 295 ɦ3 . 1000 6

ɉɨɥɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɛɚɤɚ Wɛ. = 1960 + 295 = 2255 ɦ3.

Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɛɚɤɚ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɛɚɤɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɇɛ = 0,5Ⱦɛ, ɬɨɝɞɚ

Ⱦɛ = 3	8 Wɛ = 3	8 2255	=18 ɦ, ɇɛ = 0,5 18 = 9	ɦ.
	π	3,14

ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɚ 1,18 ɦ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ – 7,82 ɦ.

22

4.10 ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɛɨɪɨɜ

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ, ɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɦɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ: ɱɚɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɛɚɲɧɸ ɢ ɱɚɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɱɚɫ 1-2 (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ 4.5). ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ 3,0 % ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ, ɢɥɢ 799,86 ɦ3/ɱ (222,17 ɥ/ɫ), ɚ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɫɟɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,8 % ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ, ɢɥɢ 480,65 ɦ3/ɱ (133,5 ɥ/ɫ). ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ 319,21 ɦ3/ɱ (88,67 ɥ/ɫ). ȼ ɭɡɥɟ 1 ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ʋ1 ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ 301,85 ɦ3/ɱ (83,85 ɥ/ɫ), ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ 178,8 ɦ3/ɱ (49,65 ɥ/ɫ) ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ «Ⱥ» – 127,6 ɦ3/ɱ (35,44 ɥ/ɫ); ɜɪɚɣɨɧɟ«Ȼ» – 51,2 ɦ3/ɱ(14,21 ɥ/ɫ).

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɚɫ 9-10, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɡ ɫɟɬɢ ɡɚɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ 6,24 % ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ, ɢɥɢ 1664,22 ɦ3/ɱ (462,28 ɥ/ɫ), ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɛɨɪɨɜ: 592,82 ɦ3/ɱ (164,67 ɥ/ɫ). ȼ ɭɡɥɟ 1 – ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ʋ1 ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬ 256,88 ɦ3/ɱ (71,36 ɥ/ɫ), ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 7 – ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ʋ 2 ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬ 335,94 ɦ3/ɱ (93,31 ɥ/ɫ). Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ 1071,4 ɦ3/ɱ (297,61 ɥ/ɫ) ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ: ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ «Ⱥ» – 744,7 ɦ3/ɱ (206,86 ɥ/ɫ), ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ «Ȼ» – 326,7 ɦ3/ɱ (90,75 ɥ/ɫ). ɉɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 4,65 % ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ, ɢɥɢ 1239,78 ɦ3/ɱ (344,38 ɥ/ɫ). ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ 1,59 % ɨɬ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ, ɢɥɢ424,44 ɦ3/ɱ(117,9 ɥ/ɫ), ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɫɟɬɶɢɡɛɚɲɧɢ.

Ɂɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ (ɞɥɢɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɝɟɧɩɥɚɧɭ) ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɪɚɣɨɧɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ, ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɨɥɚɦ.

ɍɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ «Ⱥ» ɢ «Ȼ» ɪɚɜɧɵ

Q

Ⱥ

206,86

qɭɞ.Ⱥ =

ɯ ɛ

=

= 0,0561 (ɥ/ɫ)/ɦ;

(4.18)

∑ lA +

∑ l0

3235 +

910

Ȼ 2

2

qɭɞ.Ȼ =

Q

ɯ ɛ

=

90,75

= 0,02469 (ɥ/ɫ)/ɦ,

(4.19)

∑ lȻ

∑ l0

910

+

3220 +

2

2

23

ɝɞɟ lȺ ɢ lȻ – ɫɭɦɦɵ ɞɥɢɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ «Ⱥ» ɢ «Ȼ» ɫɨɨɬ-
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɦ;
l0 – ɫɭɦɦɚ ɞɥɢɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɨɛɳɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ «Ⱥ» ɢ «Ȼ», ɦ;
Qɯ/ɛȺ ɢ Qɯ/ɛȻ – ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ
«Ⱥ» ɢ «Ȼ» ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɥ/ɫ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɩɭɬɟ-
ɜɵɟ Qn ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ Qi ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:
Qɩ = qɭɞ. lɭɱ., ɥ/ɫ;					(4.20)
			n
			∑ Qɩi
Q	= Q	+	1	, ɥ/ɫ,	(4.21)
i	ci	2

ɝɞɟ Qci – ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɜ i-ɦ ɭɡɥɟ, ɥ/ɫ;

∑ Qɩi – ɫɭɦɦɚ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ i-ɦɭ

ɭɡɥɭ, ɥ/ɫ.

ɍɡɥɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɢɬɶ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɵɱɢɫ- ɥɢɜ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɟɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ (ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɟ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɟ) ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɥɧɨ- ɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɍɡɥɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɩɨ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨ- ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɧɨɠɢɜ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ

		Qɯ/ɩ		178,8
	K =	ɬɪ.	=		= 0,1668 .
		Qmaxɯ/ɩ		1071,4

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4.6.

4.11ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ

ɢɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ

ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɚɜ- ɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɨ- ɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɹɦ ɫɟɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɞɨɜ- ɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ- ɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬ-

24

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.6 – Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ
					ɑɚɫ
			ɍɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯɜ , ɥ(/ɫ)/ɦ	ɉɭɬɟɜɵɟɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ, ɥ/ɫ			ɑɚɫ
ɇɨɦɟɪɭɡɥɚ	ɇɨɦɟɪɚɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɭɡɥɭ	Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɦ			ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ		ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
					ɍɡɥɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ, ɫ/ɥ	ɋɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨ- ɧɵɣ-ɱɟɧɪɚɫ- /ɥ,ɯɨɞɫ	ɍɡɥɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ, ɫ/ɥ	ɋɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨ- ɧɵɣ-ɱɟɧɪɚɫ- ,ɯɨɞ
					ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ		ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ
1	1-2	455	0,0561	25,50	34,48	71,36	5,75	83,85
	1-8	755		43,46
	2-1	455		25,50
2	2-3	455	0,0561	25,50	47,23		7,88
	2-9	775		43,46
3	3-2	455	0,0561	25,50	34,48		5,75
	3-4	775		43,46
	4-3	775	0,0561	43,46
4	4-9	227,5	0,0561	12,74	40,42		6,75
	4-5	770	0,02469	19,01
	4-9	227,5	0,02469	5,62
5	5-4	770	0,02469	19,01	15,12		2,52
	5-6	455		11,23
6	6-5	455	0,02469	11,23	20,74		3,46
	6-9	770		19,01
	6-7	455		11,23
7	7-6	455	0,02469	11,23	15,12	93,31	2,52
	7-8	770		19,01
	8-1	775	0,0561	43,46
8	8-9	227,5	0,0561	12,74	40,42		6,75
	8-7	770	0,02469	19,01
	8-9	227,5	0,02469	5,62
	9-2	775	0,0561	43,46
	9-4	227,5	0,0561	12,74
9	9-8	227,5	0,0561	12,74	49,6		8,27
	9-6	770	0,02469	19,01
	9-4	227,5	0,02469	5,62
	9-8	227,5	0,02469	5,62
ȼɫɟɝɨ				595,22	297,61	164,67	49,65	83,85

25

ɪɚɥɟɣ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɹɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ [6, § 111].

ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɭɛ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɧɚɦɟɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɧɢɯ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɫɟɬɢ (ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ Ʉɢɪɯɝɨɮɚ).

ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ – ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɱɚɫɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɱɚɫɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɛɚɲɧɸ.

ȼ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɫɟɬɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɤ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɱɚɫɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɱɚɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɦ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɱɚɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɬ ɛɚɲɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.3.ɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɫɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɡɥɵ 1, 2 ɢ 3. ɍɡɥɵ 2 ɢ 3 ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɛɚɲɧɢ, ɚ ɭɡɟɥ 1, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɭɡɥɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ 105,84 ɥ/ɫ, ɩɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. Ɇɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ 1-8-7, 4-9-6-7, 4-5-6, 1-2 ɢ 2-3, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɚɦɢ 3-4, 2-9 ɢ 8-9.

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.3.ɛ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɹɦ 2-1-8-7 ɢ 2-9-6-7, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶ 3-4-5-6 ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɉɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ 2-3, 4-9 ɢ 8-9.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɢɜɵɝɨɞɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɭɛ ɤɨɥɶɰɟ-

26

ɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ. Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɟɤ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɨɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ, ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɭ ɤ ɭɡɥɚɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɢ [2], [6, ɫ. 31].

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɱɭɝɭɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ, ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵ ɤ ɛɟɬɨɧɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɭɛ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

		P (Ci+1 − Ci ) η 1000		3
	qi = 3			, ɦ	/ɫ ,	(4.22)
		σ γɧɟɪ. γɜ T (Ai − Ai+1 )

ɝɞɟ Ɋ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ; ı – ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ 1ɤȼɬ·ɱ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɪ.;

Ȗɧɟɪ. – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ, ɡɚ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɤ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɜɨɞɵ;

ɜ– ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɜɨɞɵ, 9800 ɇ/ɦ3;

Ɍ– ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ, ɱ;

Ș– Ʉ.ɉ.Ⱦ. ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɭ;

ɋi ɢ Ci+1 – ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ 1 ɤɦ ɬɪɭɛ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɬɵɫ. ɪ.;

Ⱥi ɢ Ⱥi+1– ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ [4].

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [7], ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ (Ʉɋ) ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ (g), ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ (ɊɌ) ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ (ɊɄ) ɪɟɦɨɧɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ (Z). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,

Kɋ = g + PT + PK + Z.			(4.23)
Ɂɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ, ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɵ ɨɩ-
ɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:
H A	A	,	(4.24)
g = 100

27

PT =	HT A		,		(4.25)
	100
PK =	H K	A		,	(4.26)
	100

ɝɞɟ ɇȺ, ɇɌ, ɇɄ – ɧɨɪɦɚ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ, ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɵ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ 1, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 11 [7]; Ⱥ – ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ, ɬɵɫ. ɪ.

ɂɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

n

A = ∑ Ci li , (4.27)

i=1

ɝɞɟ ɋɿ – ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ 1 ɤɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɿ-ɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɬɵɫ. ɪ./ɤɦ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ 1 (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7) ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɬɪɭɛ [7];

li – ɩɪɨɬɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɿ-ɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɤɦ.

ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ

Z = A	E	,	(4.28)
	2

ɝɞɟ ȿ – ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɚɦ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ), ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ 30 %.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɪɚɜɧɵ

H A Ci

HT Ci

H K Ci

Ci E

H A

HT

H K

E

KC =

+

+

+

= Ci

+

+

+

.

100

100

100

2

100

100

100

100

2 100

(4.29)

Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ

P =	H A	+	HT	+	H K	+	E	.	(4.30)
	100		100		100		2 100

Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ș ɢ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ Ȗɧɟɪ. ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ 0,7 [4]. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɣ ɝɨɞ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ Ɍ = 24·365 = 8760 ɱ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,

28

Таким образом,		1,7		1,0			0,7				30		= 0,184,
		Ɋ =		+		+				+
			100		100		100					2 100
q = 3	0,184 (Ci +1 − Ci ) 0,7 1000								= 3		0,000004287(ɋi +1 − Ci ) , ɦ3/ɫ.
i	0,5 0,7 9800	8760 (Ⱥi − Ai +1)											(Ai − Ai +1)

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4.7.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.7 – ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ

		ɍɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ			ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ,
Ⱦɢɚ-	ɋɬɨɢ-	ɝɢɞɪɚɜ-				ɦ³/ɫ
		ɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
	ɦɨɫɬɶ		Ci+1-Ci	Ai-Ai+1
ɦɟɬɪ,	ɋi,	ɫɨɩɪɨ-			ɦɢɧɢ-		ɦɚɤɫɢ-
ɦɦ		ɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
	ɬɵɫ. ɪ.	Ⱥi			ɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ		ɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ
		(ɞɥɹ ɦ³/ɫ)
200	297,005	7,399	47,8	5,1	0		0,03425
250	344,80	2,299	79,7	1,4654	0,03425		0,06155
300	424,50	0,8336	76,2	0,4185	0,06155		0,09238
350	500,70	0,4151	69,4	0,2066	0,09238		0,12293
400	570,10	0,2085	165,0	0,1437	0,12293		0,1701
				1
500	735,10	0,06479	-	-	0,1701		-

Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɦ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ [2]. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 25 ɥ/ɫ, ɬɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 200 ɦɦ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.3.

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɞɨ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɞɨ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ 50 % ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞɭ. Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.4.

ɇɚɷɬɨɦɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚɫɟɬɢɤɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɪɚɫɱɟɬɭɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ.

29

4.12 Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɭɜɹɡɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ

ɍɜɹɡɤɚ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ, ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɜɹɡɤɢ, ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ-

ɬɭɪɟ [5, § 33], [6,

§ 24-30].

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɭɜɹɡɤɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ Ʌɨɛɚɱɟɜɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ (ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ 4.5, 4.6, 4.7). Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ: d – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɦɦ; l – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɦ; S = A·l – ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ; hɧ – ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ, ɦ; hɤ – ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ, ɦ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ Ʉ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 5 [4], qɧ ɢ qɤ – ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ,

ɥ/ɫ; Vɤ – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ, ɦ/ɫ; hɤ – ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɟɜɹɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɶɰɭ, ɦ; hɜ – ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɟɜɹɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɦ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ Ⱥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 5 [4], ɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ qɤ. ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ h = kȺlQ2 = kSQ2.

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ:

ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɱɚɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4.5). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɟɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɭ ɨɬ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ: ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ;

ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɱɚɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4.6). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɚ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ 88,67 ɥ/ɫ;

ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4.7). ɉɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɣ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɚɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 10 ɦɢɧ, ɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ 3 ɱ [1, ɩ. 3.19; 8, ɩ. 6.3]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟɧɚɩɨɠɚɪɜɫɹɜɨɞɚɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɬ. ɟ.

30