Unit_1_Yastrebova

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

	Pattern 3	Adj. + -ish	greenish	slightly green (=not very)
	Pattern 4	N. + -ous	famous	having fame
			dangerous	causing danger

fury, tradition, ambition, child, geography, space, government, Dane, clown, glory, red, miracle, botany, book, ornament, yellow, ruin, alphabet, Britain

Ex. 15. Use the adjectives from Ex. 14 in the following sentences.

1.“Boys will be boys” is often used to speak about grown men who act in a _______ way.

2.After a ________ escape, Edmond Dantes transforms himself into the wealthy Count of Monte Cristo.

3.All the books on the shelf are arranged in _______ order.

4.By the 5th century, Rome had left most of its lands on the _______ Isles.

5.Gloria is an _______ person; she’ll do anything to achieve success.

6.He thought Lizzy made a _______ mistake when she signed this three-year contract.

7.My parents were _______ when they found out I had spent all my money on slot machines (игровые автоматы).

8.Our library has a rich collection of ancient _______ atlases of the world.

9.Our restaurant offers _______ dishes from all over the world.

10.The kitchen in our new apartment is quite _______.

Ex. 16. What do we call such people? Form adjectives from the words in the box and match them with the corresponding description of people’s behavior or appearance.

courage sheep clown	style	adventure self	old	envy	child

e.g.: sheep + ish = sheepish → looking or feeling embarrassed / uncomfortable because you have done sth silly or wrong

a)able to control fear in the face of danger; ready to go through thick and thin to achieve a goal;

b)behaving in a way unsuitable for an adult;

c)elegant and attractive;

d)looking or behaving in a silly way;

e)not caring about other people;

f)not very young;

g)unhappy because of the desire to have some quality or thing other people have;

h)willing to take risks; enjoying being in new exciting situations

Chapter 1. Unit 1. Across the English Speaking World

Chapter 1. Unit 1. Across the English Speaking World

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

THE RIGHT WORD IN THE RIGHT PLACE

SOME, ANY, NO

Both SOME and ANY are used when the exact amount / number is not important or not known. Study the chart summarizing the use of SOME and ANY in affirmative (+), interrogative (?) and negative ( — ) sentences.

Ex. 17. Form derivatives of SOME, ANY, and NO using the words suggested.

one, where, how, time, way, thing, what, body

SOME	ANY
1. unspecified number / amount	1. = EVERY
I bought (SOME) tulips (countable, pl.). =	(with a singular noun) = всякий, какой угодно
Я купил X тюльпаны.	Of course, you can take ANY disc you like! =
He needs (SOME) help (uncountable). =	Ну конечно, ты можешь взять любой диск!
Ему нужна X помощь.

	2.	unknown object	2. after IF
	She is now living in SOME village on the		If you have ANY questions, ask John. =
+	Volga. — Сейчас она живёт в какой-то		Если будут X (какие-нибудь) вопросы,
	деревне на Волге.		обращайтесь к Джону.
			3. after words with a negative meaning:
			a. hardly, never, seldom, rarely, without
			There are hardly ANY mistakes in his test. =
			У него в контрольной почти нет ошибок.
			b. to refuse, to prevent, to forbid, etc.
			I refused to give ANY information. =
			Я отказался предоставить какую бы то
			ни было информацию.
	1.	in offers, requests	1. unspecified number / amount / object
	Would you like SOME more coffee? =		Have you ever met ANY famous people? =
?	Хотите ещё X кофе?		Вы когда-нибудь встречали X (каких-либo)
	2.	when a positive answer is expected	знаменитых людей?
	Have you got SOME work to do? =
	Вам нужно сделать X работу?

Notes:

1.	In negative sentences ANY, not SOME, is used:
NB	I don’t have ANY plans for the weekend. = У меня нет (никаких) планов на выходные.
2.	NOT + ANY cannot be the subject of a sentence:
	NO politician is ready to take responsibility (not ANY politician). =
	Никакой (ни один) политик не готов взять на себя ответственность.
3.	NO is more emphatic than NOT.
	He is NO fool (more emphatic than ‘He is not a fool’). = Он (вовсе) не дурак.

Ex. 18. Discuss with your fellow students and your teacher which sentence is neutral and which sentence is more emphatic.

1.a. Don’t ask how it all happened. I know nothing.

b. Don’t ask how it all happened. I don’t know anything.

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Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

2.a. Tomlison knew nobody when he came to Brighton.

b.Tomlison didn’t know anybody when he came to Brighton.

3.a. It was his first day off. He didn’t do anything at all.

b.It was his first day off. He did nothing at all.

4.a. I don’t see any reason why you should complain.

b.I see no reason why you should complain.

Ex. 19. Give an emphatic negative answer.

1.	Did you buy anything at the sale?	(You spent the whole day there and were
		exhausted.)
2.	Who helped you move house?	(You asked all your friends to give you a hand,
		but all of them refused for various reasons.)
3.	So, you don’t like champagne or wine.	(You hate sweet sparkling drinks.)
	And you can’t stand the smell of whisky.
	Then what do you say to a diet coke?
4.	Is there any chocolate left?	(Someone has eaten all the chocolate.)
5.	Did he finally give the $ 5,000 you asked	(He refused to give you any money though
	him for?	he had promised to.)

Ex. 20. Analyze the sentences and answer the questions below.

	a) No film is more interesting than a book.		a) None of the / those / his films is
			interesting.
	b) Neither of the two friends speaks		b) None of my group-mates speaks French.
	French.	BUT
	c) Somebody brought their dog to the		c) Someone has just called you.
	party.
	d) Can anyone of you remember that day?		d) Does anybody remember that day?

a.Can we use NO with the / these / those / his / her, etc. + a noun?

b.What pattern is used in negative sentences about two objects? More than two objects?

c.Do singular or plural pronouns go with somebody / someone / anybody / etc.?

d.What derivatives of SOME, ANY, and NO can be followed by the preposition of?

Ex. 21. Cross out the incorrect variant.

1.No millionaire / not any millionaire has ever donated all his money to charity.

2.Anyone can find a job in Moscow if he tries / they try hard.

3.Hardly anybody of / anyone of my relatives knows anything about Jack the Sparrow.

4.Has / Have anyone changed the bulb in the bathroom?

5.None of those bouquets / No those bouquets was good enough for the occasion.

6.If anyone gets into trouble, he / they should call the consulate immediately.

7.None of the boys in our class / Neither of the boys in our class has ever been to the circus.

8.Judie, if anyone calls, just tell him / them to call back tomorrow.

9.None of / Neither of the two books gives thorough information on the problem.

10.Someone has lost his / their lottery ticket.

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Chapter 1. Unit 1. Across the English Speaking World

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

11.No book / not any book is perfect. Write it for one reader and another will complain that it’s not for him / them.

12.None of my parents / neither of my parents has met my girlfriend yet.

13.Nobody declined the offer, did he / they?

14.Did anybody of / anyone of you switch on my computer when I was away?

15.None of their guests / Not any of their guests knew the newcomer.

16.Somebody who think / thinks logically are / is a nice contrast to the real world.

17.Neither of the Harry Potter movies / None of the Harry Potter movies has been as entertaining as the books — that’s to be expected.

Ex. 22. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use SOME, ANY, NO, their derivatives, NONE or NEITHER. Give several variants where possible.

1.The protesters haven’t been arrested.

2.Have the flowers been watered?

3.I don’t like this suit, and I don’t like that one.

4.Cleo didn’t know the people who came to the reception.

5.A passer-by dropped his wallet, and I found it.

6.The twins didn’t want to come with us.

7.Do your family members resemble (напоминать) the Simpsons?

8.To the best of my knowledge, our soldiers were not injured.

9.The school closes at 5:00 pm on school days and not a single student can be in the building after that time.

Ex. 23. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the set expressions with SOME / ANY / NO.

1.Den’s brother is something in the Foreign Office.

2.I hope to see something of you over the coming months.

3.He is something of a poet and a favorite among the ladies.

4.The film’s no good.

5.Is this new restaurant any good?

6.My brother is no athlete; in fact, he’s terrible at sports.

7.I can hardly remember him, he’s an engineer or something.

8.Hair loss has something to do with the level of certain hormones.

9.Yoga has nothing to do with religion.

10.When you visit someone, don’t forget to bring a little something for the host.

Ex. 24. Translate the following sentences using the set expressions from Ex. 23.

1.Джордж Босс предпочитал постоянно жить в Лондоне, так как занимал какой-то пост в правительстве.

2.Ее перевод никуда не годился — в нем было полно ошибок.

3.Если Вы идете в гости, принято принести с собой небольшой подарок: бутылку вина — для мужчин, и коробку конфет или букет цветов для женщин.

4.Моя дочь немного рисует.

5.Он, по-моему, бизнесмен.

6.Канарские острова не имеют никакого отношения к канарейкам, название переводится как «Собачий остров».

7.Теперь когда (now that) они переехали в наш город, мы сможем время от времени видеться.

8.Этот диск будет интересен любому, кто хоть как-то связан с русским рэпом.

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Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

Ex. 25. React using SOME, ANY, NO or their derivatives. Add a sentence or two to make your answer more meaningful.

1.Do you know any good bars near here?

2.Oh, boy, what are we going to do if more people show up? We’ve run out of chairs!

3.What special equipment do I need to fix the roof?

4.Oh, I’m so thirsty!

5.Has any tourist ever come to this godforsaken hole?

6.Which of these wines do you like? (give a negative answer)

7.Do you have much homework to do?

8.Do you think anyone else will come? (give a negative answer)

9.Are you any relation to the President?

10.(student to teacher) Could we sit down and discuss my progress this semester? (start with: I’m busy at the moment, but…)

11.Are any of your friends interested in getting the job of a taxi driver?

PHRASAL VERBS

A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb + particle(s). The particle(s) changes the meaning of the verb. Phrasal verbs are used to make speech less formal.

PHRASAL VERB GO

Ex. 26. a) Work in pairs. Match each verb with its equivalent below.

b) Translate the following sentences paying attention to the phrasal verb GO.

1.	to go about smth /	How do I go about finding a job abroad?
	doing smth
2.	to go after smth	My uncle is a very strong-minded person. When he makes up
		his mind, he goes after his goal with the decisiveness of a tiger.
3.	to go against smth	Lying goes against my principles.
4.	to go ahead (with	Go ahead!
	smth)	The construction of the new block of flats will go ahead
		despite numerous protests.
5.	to go back to	I can’t believe Lucy has decided to go back to her husband!
		When they separated, she swore she’d never do it!
6.	to go back on	They couldn’t depend on Ed; he always went back on his
		promises.
7.	to go by (smth)	Time goes by so quickly!
		We went by the Bolshoi Theater on our way to Red Square.
8.	to go down	Because of overproduction (перепроизводство), prices have
		gone down.
9.	to go down with	After falling through the ice, he went down with pneumonia.

a.слечь, свалиться (о заболевшем человеке)

b.добиваться, преследовать кого-л. / что-л.

Chapter 1. Unit 1. Across the English Speaking World

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Chapter 1. Unit 1. Across the English Speaking World

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

c.возвращаться

d.продолжать(ся), идти вперед

e.приступать к чему-л.; начать делать что-л.

f.спускаться, снижаться, падать

g.идти против, противоречить

h.нарушать, отказываться, предавать

i.проходить (мимо)

Ex. 27. Recast the underlined parts so as to make them more natural. Use the phrasal verb GO.

1.Continue with your plans and have a party if you want to.

2.Hardly a month passes without one newspaper or another announcing the development of a computer with which at last you can communicate in ordinary English.

3.Her sister needed a good diet sheet and daily workouts, Mary Rose decided, and began advising her how to start doing it in the right way.

4.I can’t understand why some people think that Harry Potter is in conflict with Christianity.

5.In a team where mutual respect exists, the leader will be trusted to make decisions, even if they are completely different from your views.

6.It was decided that despite weather conditions the festival would continue as planned.

7.Jeremy caught small pox; he was covered in spots and couldn’t go to the disco.

8.She already knew how very bull-headed he could be when he was trying to get something he wanted.

9.The management of the corporation didn’t keep their word to give the employees a salary increase.

10.Medbourne Roman town has been known since at least the 17th century.

Ex. 28. Translate the sentences using the appropriate phrasal verb.

1.Идите, не ждите меня. Я вас догоню.

2.Несколько студентов нашей группы заболели гриппом.

3.Летом ни одно воскресенье не проходило без футбольного матча.

4.Как мне подключиться к интернету?

5.Больной принял лекарство и температура начала снижаться.

6.Он скорее умрет, чем предаст друга (Use He’d rather … than…).

7.Проходил день за днем, но дожди не прекращались.

8.Строительство завода продолжалось по плану (as planned).

9.Сью заработала достаточно денег; ей не придется опять работать.

10.Учителя в школе помогали Джону добиваться своей мечты.

11.Эта теория противоречит общепринятым взглядам на причины глобального потепления (causes of global warming).

Ex. 29. Make up a short story using as many phrasal verbs GO as possible.

Model:

I knew Sheila never goes back on her word as we go back a long way. All I can do now is go about routine business and wait. Sheila, my boss, went down with the flu two weeks ago when everything was ready to open a new office with me as the manager! We expected

the sales would go up by the end of the month but they went down instead. They say time goes by quickly. They are wrong. At times it just crawls like a snail. I admire Sheila’s business acumen (деловая хватка) and I can’t go against her if she says to wait. After all, she always knows what she wants and goes after it like a pit-bull. But I wish she were back and said “Go ahead!”

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Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

GRAMMAR

WAYS TO SPEAK ABOUT THE PAST

THE BASICS

PAST SIMPLE	I read a book yesterday.	Вчера я читал книгу.	Факт
PAST	I was reading a book	Когда ты позвонил,	Процесс
CONTINUOUS	when you called.	я читал книгу.
PAST PERFECT	I realized I had read the	Я понял, что уже читал	Предшествование
	book before.	эту книгу.
PAST PERFECT	I had been reading the	Я читал книгу два дня,	Процесс +
CONTINUOUS	book for two days when	когда он попросил	Предшествование
	he asked me to return it.	вернуть ее.

Ex. 30. Read the passage. Identify the tense forms of the underlined verbs and explain their use.

I remember clearly the day we bought our first car. When John pulled up in the Morris and gave two blasts of the horn, I was dressing our son Carl in the front room. I ran out and circled the car excitedly. We had been saving for years and we had finally found our perfect car. It was shining in the sunlight.

John took two weeks’ holiday and we went down to Norfolk in the Morris. It was on that holiday that we first met Stephen and Val Marples. They were staying at the Holiday Inn and we had dinner in their hotel one night. We were sitting at the same table and took to each other (liked each other) at once. They had just bought a similar car, so we had lots to talk about.

Ex. 31. Match a sentence from each set in A with the Russian translation in B.

A. 1. a) When he went back into the living room, the girl had poured coffee for both of them.

b)When he went back into the living room, the girl poured coffee for both of them.

2.a) When Sam walked into the house, the telephone was ringing.

b)When Sam walked into the house, the telephone had been ringing.

3.a) Over the past decade, Tony had built up a network of representatives who supplied him with clients.

b)Over the past decade, Tony had been building up a network of representatives who supplied him with clients.

4.a) He underwent all kinds of tests yesterday.

b)He was undergoing all kinds of tests yesterday.

5.a) By the time he returned to the village, the sun had set.

b)By the time he returned to the village, the sun was setting.

6.a) He was shocked to see that Jane had been crying.

b)He was shocked to see that Jane was crying.

7.a) I had finished the work when my boss called me into his office.

b)I was finishing the work when my boss called me into his office.

Chapter 1. Unit 1. Across the English Speaking World

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Chapter 1. Unit 1. Across the English Speaking World

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

B.1. Когда он вернулся в гостиную, девушка налила кофе им обоим.

2.Когда Сэм зашел в дом, телефон надрывался (уже долго звонил).

3.За последние десять лет Тони создал сеть своих представителей, которые поставляли ему клиентов.

4.Вчера он проходил разного рода тестирование.

5.К тому времени как он вернулся в деревню, солнце село.

6.Он был поражен, когда увидел, что Джейн плакала.

7.Я заканчивал работу, когда начальник вызвал меня в свой кабинет.

C.Translate the rest of the sentences into Russian.

THE PARTICULARS

PAST SIMPLE

Законченное	S. Maugham’s fi rst novel appeared		Первый роман С. Моэма
действие или	in 1897.		появился в 1897 году.
состояние*	Jane worked for the company for		Джейн проработала в этой
	twenty years. She is retired now.		компании двадцать лет. Сейчас
			она на пенсии.
	In the late 19th century, Great		В конце XIX века Великобритания
	Britain had a lot of colonies.		имела много колоний.
Ряд	They finished breakfast and rose		Они закончили завтрак и встали
последовательных	from the table.		из-за стола.
действий
Регулярные или	He travelled to Paris twelve times		Он ездил в Париж двенадцать раз
повторявшиеся	a year.		в год.
действия
* To describe states the following common verbs are used:
states of existence		be, exist, consist of, contain
mental states		think, realize, know, suppose, understand, doubt, expect,
		agree, remember
states of possessing		have, belong, include, own, possess
states of feeling or wanting		like, love, dislike, despise, hate, prefer, want, wish
states of perception		hear, feel, smell, taste, sound, look, seem, appear

The state verbs are NOT usually used in the continuous tenses.

TIME EXPRESSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PAST SIMPLE

at 10 o’clock, in the morning / evening, at night yesterday, the day before yesterday, the night before last yesterday morning / afternoon / evening

last year / month / week / night

in 1990, in the 50s, in the 20th century some years / months / days ago; the other day

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Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

Ex. 32. Group the sentences according to the use of the Past Simple:

a.single completed action

b.past action of some duration

c.state

d.repeated actions

e.sequence of actions

1.I saw you on television last night.

2.At five o’clock they went to the restaurant car to have tea and chatted a little.

3.Benjamin Franklin served his country for fifty years as inventor, philosopher, statesman and diplomat.

4.Whenever I was in London I saw Ferdy.

5.Did you know much about her at that time?

6.John took up exercise when he was 16.

7.Breakfast consisted of porridge, half a cup of milk and a dry biscuit.

8.They had tea, they talked, and they drove home again.

9.They suffered for a long time due to the political instability in the country.

10.When did you last go out of the house?

11.Every year the Indians went far away, even one thousand miles, to hunt buffalo.

12.All his life Newton studied books on humanistic learning.

13.Everybody liked him for his kindness and generosity.

14.He reached inside his pocket and came out with a business card.

15.Every time the two little girls saw Colin they giggled.

Ex. 33. Work in pairs.

Student A reads Texts 1 and 3; Student B reads Texts 2 and 4.

A. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple.

1.Why is a mess or confusion called a ‘pretty kettle of fish’?

The Scots (know) how to throw a picnic. In the 18th century, the picnic season (start) at the begin-

ning of the salmon [] run (миграция лосося) each year. Salmon (be) plentiful, but they (not know) how to prepare the fish. They (cook) their catches in large kettles and (try) to eat their hot boiled salmon with their fingers. It (be) a mess.

The word “pretty“ preceding “kettle of fish” has always been ironic.

2.Why is a book of maps called an atlas?

The Flemish geographer Mercator, a pioneer map maker, (publish) his first collection of maps in

1595. Mercator (draw) a figure of Atlas4, supporting the world on his shoulders on the title pages. He (not provide) any explanation for the drawing of Atlas. Although Mercator’s opus (not be) the first published collection of maps, it (be) the first to be called an atlas. Mercator later (follow) with his most famous collection: Atlas; or a Geographic Description of the World.

3.The London ‘bobby’ (get) his name from a real Bobby?

Yes — Bobby, or rather, Sir Robert Peel, who (establish) the London Metropolitan Police in 1829.

British police officers are still sometimes called bobbies, the short form of Robert. They (be) once also called peelers.

4 Atlas — in Greek mythology, one of the Titans (= the first gods who ruled the universe). After the titans were defeated by Zeus [zju:s], Atlas was forced to hold the sky on his shoulders forever.

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Chapter 1. Unit 1. Across the English Speaking World

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

4. Why is Scotland Yard in England?

The original Scotland Yard (be placed) on the site of the former palace where Scottish kings and queens (reside) when they (visit) England to conduct affairs of state or to pay tribute (отдать дань уважения) to English royalty. Scotland Yard (become) known as the name of the street as well as the palace.

Although the Criminal Investigation Department of the Metropolitan (London) Police later (move) to the Thames Embankment and then to the Victoria area of London, it still retains the name of its original site.

B. Ask each other questions on the texts.

PAST CONTINUOUS

Действие в развитии	At eleven o’clock, I was working	В одиннадцать часов я работал
в определенный	in the garden.	в саду.
момент или период
в прошлом	When I left school,* they were	Когда я окончил школу, всё
	still arguing about whether	ещё спорили о том, следует
	they should allow calculators in	ли разрешить пользоваться
	exams.	калькулятором на экзаменах.

Note: The particular time or period of time in the past when a certain action was in

progress can be indicated in the sentence with the help of another action expressed

NB

in the Past Simple.

TIME EXPRESSIONS ASSOCIATED

WITH THE PAST CONTINUOUS

at that time / moment still

at 8 o’clock, from fi ve till seven

Ex. 34. Make up sentences according to the model.

Model: The war / start; he work / on a farm. →

When the war started, he was working on a farm.

1.He / get home; his mother / watch children’s cartoons.

2.They / arrive; Suzie / wait in the living room.

3.She / come back from the hospital; Marcus / still / sit at the kitchen table.

4.The Minister / return; a young stenographer / wait in his office.

5.The bell / ring; the students / still / sit in their seats.

6.The storm / break; he / write at his desk.

7.The lights / go out; they / surf the net.

8.The police / arrive; the young people / take things out of the shop.

9.Frank / open his eyes; she / study his face.

10.He / come to; they / throw cold water on him.

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