8 Сцепление генов и кросинговер
.pdf.
8
2
-
2011 :
. . 4. .
. . – : , 2006. – 168 . .
, 111201 – « » 110401 – « »,
03.00.15 – « » 06.02.01 – « , ,
».
. -
, –
.
-
110401 – 111201–
06-520 26 2006 .)
:
., .- ., ,
. ;
., .- ., , -
.
., .- ., ;
., .- . ;
., ., , ;
., ., -
.
, . , -
.
© .
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 4. . -
. . - : , 2006. –168 .
3 |
|
|
|
8. . |
|
........................................ |
4 |
|
|
.................... |
4 |
....................................................................................... |
6 |
8.1. ........................................... |
6 |
8.2. ...................... |
10 |
8.2.1. .................................................... |
10 |
8.2.2. .................................. |
10 |
8.2.3. . .............................................. |
13 |
8.3. |
|
................................. |
15 |
8.3.1. ....................................................... |
15 |
8.3.2. ..................... |
15 |
8.4. ................ |
16 |
8.5. ........................................................................... |
21 |
8.6. ................................................. |
22 |
8.6.1. ......................................... |
22 |
8.6.2. .......................................... |
23 |
8.6.3. ........................................... |
27 |
8.6.4. .................... |
32 |
8.7. ......................... |
35 |
8.8. |
|
............................................................................. |
38 |
8.8.1. |
|
................................................... |
38 |
8.8.2. |
|
....................................... |
39 |
8.8.3. .............. |
40 |
8.9. ............................................................ |
41 |
8.9.1. ................................... |
41 |
8.9.2. ( ) .................... |
44 |
8.9.3. ..................................................... |
46 |
8.10. ...................................... |
48 |
8.11. , ........................... |
50 |
8.12. ................. |
54 |
8.13. ........................................................................................ |
58 |
8.14. ................................. |
69 |
................................................... |
71 |
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 4. . -
. . - : , 2006. –168 .
4
8. .
« »
« »
. .
. -
. -
. . . .
, .
.
. -
. . .
. -
.
.
.
« »
« »
. . -
. -
.
. . -
. ( )
. , .
. -
. . -
. .
.
– .
, -
, ,
.
« » « -
»,
, -
(9:3:3:1) -
(1:1:1:1). -
. -
, , -, -
(3:1) (1:1).
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 4. . -
. . - : , 2006. –168 .
5
. « » «
» , « »« » , – .
, . -
.
-
.
», , .
. , -
.
-
. , -
. -
, .
. ,
( )
.
-
. , .
-
. .
( . -
).
-
. , .
-
.
( ).
, 50%.
-
, .
.
–
. , .
, -
. -
, , .
– , -
. , -
-
. , -
.
, .
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 4. . -
. . - : , 2006. –168 .
6
,
, , -
. ,
, ,
.
, , ,
.
, 7000 , -
. ,
, . ,
,
, , .
.
8.1.
, -
: bb, bb
. ,
:
|
|
|
a |
b |
|
|
b |
|
a |
B |
|
a b |
b |
a B |
( , , )
.
, ,
,
.
.
F2
9: 3: 3: 1.
, b
,
.
:
a b
, ,
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 4. . -
. . - : , 2006. –168 .
7
, ,
. ,
, .
, -
. ,
, ,
|
|
|
a b |
|
B |
a b |
|||
|
A B |
|
a b |
|
|
||||
F1 |
|
|
||
|
a b |
|
||
|
|
|
F1
ab
F2
:
F1 |
|
|
|
A B |
|
||
|
a b |
a b |
|
||||
A B, |
a b |
|
A B, a b |
|
|||
|
|
||||||
F2 |
1 |
|
: 2 |
|
: 1 |
a b |
|
B |
a b |
a b . |
|||||
|
|
|
|
, ,
) ;) ;
) , , b,
3 : 1, 9 : 3 : 3 : 1.
-
F1, Fa :
|
|
|
|
a |
b |
|
|
a b |
|
a |
b |
|
A B, a b |
a b |
|
||
|
|
||||
Fa |
1 |
|
|
: 1 |
a b |
a b |
|
a b , |
|||
|
|
|
|
. 1: 1, 1 : 1 : 1 : 1. , -
, , -
.
, ,
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 4. . -
. . - : , 2006. –168 .
8
, , .
. F2Fa , -
.
, , ,
– ,
– ,
:
FG |
|
a b d e f g . |
|
, , |
|
, . |
- |
, , -
.
1906 . . . -
. ,
,
F2 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. -
, ,
, – .
. -
– . , . , .
. . « -
» . ,
. -
. , ,
, .
.
,
, . -
, ,
, , .
, , -
, -
?
.
, , -
a b
( b) ,
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 4. . -
. . - : , 2006. –168 .
9
a b
: ( ), (A b), ( ) ( b).
, ,
. -
, .
-
. 8.1
8.1
-
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
, A b, , b |
|
, |
b |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
b |
|
|
|
– |
a b |
||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
1 |
a |
b |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a |
b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
B |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
1 |
|
b |
|
|
|
|||
- |
b |
|
a b |
|
– |
|||||
|
1 |
|
a B |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
a b |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
1 |
|
a b |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
a b |
|
|
|
, , , ,
, :
( ).
. -
-
. , -
-
.
, -
.
,
.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 4. . -
. . - : , 2006. –168 .
10
, , ,
,
.
, – .
, -
, .
8.2.1..
,
, – -
, -
. ,
-
. , -
,
– .
. ,
, , -
. -
-
. -
. – ,
.
.
.
, -
.
.
.
, ,
.
b, ,
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 4. . -
. . - : , 2006. –168 .