Электротехника и электроника
.pdf2).
,
, = 90 . < 90 ;
3). -
,
, = 90 ;
4)Q = 0
S = P;
, :
SP 2 Q 2 .
-
.
2. -
R, L, C.
) , -
2.8, .
2.8
)
80 .
31
6 , -
2.2.
2.2
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U,B |
I,A |
U |
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U |
U |
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cos |
S, |
P, |
Q, |
R, |
X |
X |
Z, |
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B, |
B, |
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R |
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L |
C |
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) 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, -
—
, -
2.2.
) :
–, -
0 < < 90 .
–S P, -
Q :
S P 2 Q 2 ;
–Z R,
;
32
– L XC -
, -
.
.
, .
3. :
) -
, ;
) U R ,U L ,UC , I , , X L , X C
( -
);
) ,
,
, ;
) , -
, -
, 2.2.
.
1..
2.-
.
3..
4..
5., .
6..
33
3
.
.
:
.
-
.
1.« R, L, C. -
», « », « -
»
[1, § 1.8–1.10; 2, § 2.13–2.21].
.
3.:
?
2);
3)?
4);
5),
?
6)?
4..
34
-
, R, L ( 3.1). -
, (I1 I2)
I, . . I1 I2 -
I ).
3.1
,
I I1 I 2 .
( 3.2).
3.2 —
2 90 , 1 -
1 arctg X L .
R
35
,
I1 = I = I1sin 1 = I2,
I — .
,
180º, -
, . . , = 0, cos = 1.
-
.
I = Uy = U g 2 (bL bC )2 ,
U — , , ;
y — , 1/ = ( );
R
g R2 ( L)2 — R, L;
L
bL R2 ( L)2 — R, L;
bC C — .
L, , R -
, , bL b , -
I = Ug .
. , |
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bL = b |
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'p L |
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'p C , |
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R2 |
( L)2 |
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' |
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1 |
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L / C R2 |
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1 |
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p |
LC |
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L / C |
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36
'p — ;
p — .
,
, 1 C
L
L 1 . -
C
. , , -
, , . -
, -
, , , .
, R ( -
,
RL UL sin ),
I
-
( , , ,
).
-
,
cos P ,
S
P UIcos I 2R |
U 2 g — , ; |
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S UI |
P 2 Q2 |
— , ; |
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Q UIsin |
I 2 X |
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U 2b — , . |
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b = b |
b , |
Q U 2 (b b |
) U 2b U 2b |
Q Q . |
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L |
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L C |
L |
C |
L C |
Q
S = UI.
37
,
( 3.3).
3.3 —
,
,
.
QL
. ,
,
, . . QL Q 0.
cos -
.
-
, -
.
.
,
:
|
I 2R P2 |
R . |
|
U 2 (cos )2 |
|
,
.
38
,
, :
P
= U 2 (tg tg ) ,
, —
;
PUI cos — , ;
f — .
1. -
.
) -
, .
) , -
3.4.
3.4 —
: — |
514 |
0÷ ; |
PV — |
365 |
0÷250 ; |
P — ; |
PW — ; |
|
1, 2 – |
365 |
0÷ . |
39
) ( )
U = 100 -
. , -
,
, -
. .
, ,
-
, .
) -
5
, .
, -
.
3.1.
3.1
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C, |
U, |
I, |
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I1, |
I2, |
, |
cos |
S, |
P, |
Q, |
bC, |
bL, |
g, |
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A |
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A |
A |
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1 |
1 |
1 |
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2. S, P, Q, bC , bL , g 3.1.
:
–
S = UI;
40