English for post-graduates
.pdf2.Ending a conversation/discussion
To tell the truth ...
To sum up ...
Summarizing ...
Summing it up ...
On the whole ...
All in all ...
In conclusion ...
Finally ...
In the long run ...
In short ...
To make (cut) a long story short ...
That's all (there is to it) ...
For all I know ...
There it is ...
And so ...
So much for that ...
Let's round off ...
3.Expressing one's point of view
My own feeling is ...
I can quite (well easily) believe it (that) ...
It's my opinion that ...
In my opinion ...
I think (believe, suppose, maintain, feel, hope) that …
To my mind ...
Personally, I ...
I dare say ...
To tell the truth ...
If you ask me ...
Do you mean to say ...?
What do you mean (think) ...?
I mean to say ...
What do you think of ...?
What matters is ...
I want to press the point ...
In any case ...
More than that ...
I must admit ...
I'm afraid ...
I'm tempted to agree ...
181
4. Discussing a topic
I should like to know ...
Could you possibly ...?
Please ...
Could I trouble you for ...?
Any questions?
Have you got any questions for Mr. N?
I have (got) some (several) questions ...
Just one question on this point (paper) ...
As to the question of Mr. N ...
I would like to ask you about (whether) ...
May I ask a question?
Will (would) you say a few words about ...?
I wonder whether (if) ...
In reply to your question ...
I'd like to say that ...
I have (got) a few (several) comments about (on) ...
I should mention that ...
I should emphasize that ...
The problem (article, paper) under discussion ...
I'd like to add a few words to ...
I realize that ...
Do you follow me?
Do you take my point? I can't make up my mind where I stand on this. I am
convinced that ...
That's the way I look at things.
5. Expressing agreement, approval
I agree that ...
I (quite) agree with you ...
I think so too.
I suppose so ...
That's right ...
Quite right ...
You are right ...
That's my opinion too ...
I think you are right ...
A fine idea!
What a good idea!
Not a bad idea!
Good!
182
Wonderful!
Excellent!
Splendid!
Beyond all questions ...
Absolutely right (certain) ...
Exactly so ...
There's no doubt about it ...
That's fine ...
That's OK.
6.Expressing disagreement, doubt
I cannot agree (that) ...
I don't agree that ...
I don't quite agree (with you) ...
I doubt (it) ...
I don't think you are right ...
I am afraid you are wrong (mistaken) ...
It's a pity but (that) ...
I am sorry but (that) ...
Nothing of the kind ...
I don't believe it possible … I don't believe that ...
That's wrong ...
That may be true, but ...
I am not sure ...
I see what you mean, but ...
Surely not ...
I find that hard to believe ...
7.Saying you do not know
Sorry, I don’t know ...
I am very sorry, I really don’t know ,
I am afraid, I don’t know ...
I must confess, I don’t know ...
I've no idea ...
I haven’t a clue ...
I wish I knew.
8. Giving yourself time to think
Oh... Well... . Just... Now ... You see ... You know ...
Just a moment (minute) ... Let me see ...
It's on the tip of my tongue ... How can (shall) I put this?
183
9. Adding more information
I’d like to add ... To tell the truth ... In connection with ...
By the way... To continue ... To add ... As regards ...
Concerning ... As far as ... So far as you ...
10. Verifying the information
Do you mean to say that ...? Can you confirm the fact? Is it true that ...?
Am I right to understand that ...? Can you prove it?
Are you sure?
I don’t quite get the idea, I think ...
I am sure you didn't mean that ...
I don’t quite follow what you mean to say ...
Sorry ...?
Pardon ...?
184
LITERATURE
-! > / . &. . *' . – ‹ : 'ˆ ", 2005.
< , . . $ ! ! ! / +. %. , Z. . . – * : *+ %%`, 1988.
< 6. . - .! ! " : . / Z. . , . Z. " . – 4- ., . . – *. : %- Z, 2009.
= , . . € > " " ! ># !# : . . … . . / _. +. ># . – *., 1998.
, . 8. €# " ! " > / +. . $ . – *. : & @. @ ., 1991. – €. 231–233.
• " ##-# # # < # # " ( ! !). – * : & >, 2004.
> #, 6. . > - ! > , / Z. &. ", •. Z. * > . – €. : €. ., 1995.
> #, 6. . € ? ! # # ##! " / Z. &. ", •. Z. * > . – _., 1989.
Academic Writing. Third Edition, Study Skills in English. – Longman, 1999. – P. 138–139.
Ashley, A. A Handbook of Commercial Correspondence / A. Ashley. – Oxford University Press, 1999.
Briton, D. Insights / D. Briton. – New York : Pearson Education, 1997. – P. 123–124, 150– 152.
Evans, V. Mission: FCE 2 course book / V. Evans, J. Doolly. – Express Publishing, 1998. – P. 100–102
Evans, V. Successful Writing Proficiency / V. Evans. – Express Publishing, Newsbury, 1998. – P. 126–129.
Forest, J. Higher Education in the United States. An Encyclopedia / J. Forest, K. Kinser. – Santa Barbara, California, USA, 2002. – Vol. 1–2. – P. 151, 287–292.
185
Frank, M. Writing as Thinking. A Guided Process Approach / M. Frank. – New Jersey, USA, 1990. – P. 1–7.
Harmer, J. How to Teach English / J. Harmer. – Longman, 1998. – P. 121–122.
Jordan, R. Academic Writing Course / R. Jordan. – Nelson, Ltd, 1990. – P. 82–83.
Legal Research and Methodology. – Longman, 1997. – P. 5–6.
Maclin, A. Reference Guide to English / A. Maclin. – Washington, D. C., 1994.
McCarthy, M. Academic Vocabulary in Use / M. McCarthy, F. O’Dell. – Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Postgraduate Directory. Arts and Humanities. The Official Guide. – Manchester, CSU Ltd, 2000. – P. 11–15.
Povey, J. An English Teacher’s Handbook. 2nd Revised Edition / J. Povey, I. Walshe. – *. : & @. @ ., 1982.
Sweeney, S. Test Your Business English / S. Sweeney. – Penguin Books, 1997. – P. 6.
Williams, E. Presentations in English / E. Williams. – London : MacMillan Publishers Limited, , 2008. – P. 83–84.
186
CONTENTS |
|
‹ %€_$&%‹……………………………………………………………..…………… 3 |
|
SECTION I. Post-graduate education. Academic and research degrees.............................. |
6 |
SECTION II. Why undertake post-graduate study?............................................................ |
29 |
SECTION III. Research supervision.................................................................................. |
43 |
SECTION IV. Attending a conference............................................................................. |
57 |
SECTION V. International cooperation. Exchange programmes. Study and research |
|
visits............................................................................................................. |
80 |
SECTION VI. Summary making. Essay and abstract writing ......................................... |
104 |
SECTION VII. Reporting and presentations.................................................................... |
126 |
SECTION VIII. Research paper....................................................................................... |
148 |
SUPPLEMENT ................................................................................................................. |
166 |
List of Abbreviations Most Frequently Used in Scientific Literature........................ |
166 |
Countries. Capitals. Nationalities............................................................................... |
170 |
The American States and Their Capitals.................................................................... |
173 |
List of Basic Affixes Used for Word Formation........................................................ |
175 |
List of Academic Vocabulary Used for Writing Abstracts, Making Summaries |
|
and Preparing Reports ................................................................................................ |
177 |
Linking Words and Phrases Used in Written and Spoken Academic English........... |
178 |
Functional Phrase List Used for Conducting Discussions, Debates, Giving |
|
Presentations............................................................................................................... |
180 |
LITERATURE .................................................................................................................. |
185 |
187
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