IU_Gram_Essential_1st

UNIT 80 quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)

He ate his dinner very quickly .				S u d d e n l y the	shelf fell down .
Q u i c k l y and	suddenly are adverbs.
adjective + -ly—» adverb:
adjective	quick	bad	sudden	careful	heavy
adverb	quickly	badly	suddenly	carefully	heavily etc.
Spelling •	Appendix 4(4.2):	easy —>	easily heavy	—» heavily

Adverbs tell you how something happens or how somebody does something:

-The train stopped suddenly.

-I opened the door slowly.

-Please listen carefully.

-I understand you perfectly.

Compare: adjective			(•	Unit 79)		adverb
-	Sue is very quiet.				but	Sue speaks very quietly, (not 'speaks very quiet')
-	Be careful!					Listen carefully! (not	listen careful')
-	It was a bad g a m e .					O u r team played badly.
fast	hard	late	early		These words are adjectives and adverbs:
-	Ben is a fast runner.					Ben can run fast, (not	'fastly')
-	Her	j o b	is	very	hard.	She w o r k s very hard,	(not 'hardly')
-	T h e bus was late/early.					I w e n t to bed late/early.
g o o d	(adjective) —> w e l l (adverb):
-	Her English is very g o o d .					She speaks English very well, (not 'speaks English
						very good')
-	It was a g o o d g a m e .					O u r team played well .
But w e l l is also an adjective (=					not ill,	in good health):
-	' H o w are you?'			' I ' m very well, thank you. And you?'

UNIT 80 Exercises

80.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with one of these adverbs:

badly

dangerously

fast

angrily

quietly

1	It's raining	4	She shouted at me
2	He sings very	5	He was driving
3	They came in	6	She can run very

80.2 Choose a verb + adverb from the box to complete these sentences.

	come explain know					clearly	easily	well
	sleep	think	win	work	carefully	quickly	hard	well
1	I'm going to say something very important, so please						to me .
2	John! I need your help				!
3	I've met him but I don't				him very
4	They				At the end of the day they're always tired.
5	I'm tired this morning. I didn't					last night.
6	You're a much better tennis player than me. When we play, you always
7				before you answer the question.
8	Our teacher isn't very good. He doesn't					things very
80.3 Choose the right word.
	1 I opened the door			(slowly is right)

2Why are you angry/angrily? I haven't done anything.

3Bill is a careful/carefully driver. He drives careful/carefully.

4Can you please repeat that slow/slowly?

5Come on, George! Why are you always so slow/slowly?

6The party was very good/well. I enjoyed it very much.

7Tom didn't do very good/well in his examination.

8Jane is studying hard/hardly for her examinations.

9 'Where's Diane?' 'She was here, but she left sudden/suddenly.'

10I met them a long time ago, so I don't remember them very good/well.

11My brother isn't very good/well at the moment.

12Don't eat your dinner so quick/quickly. It's not good for you.

13Those oranges look nice/nicely. Can I have one?

14I don't want to work for that company. They pay their workers very bad/badly.

15Please be quiet/quietly. I'm reading.

UNIT 81 old/older expensive/more expensive

old older heavy heavier expensive more expensive

Older / heavier / more expensive are comparative forms.

The comparative form is -er (older) or more . . . (more expensive).

short adjectives (1 syllable) old/cheap/nice etc. —> -er

old —» colder	slow —» slower		cheap —» cheaper
nice —» nicer	late	—» later	big—» bigger
Spelling • Appendix 4(4.4):		big —» bigger hot —» hotter thin —> thinner

-Rome is old but Athens is older, (not 'more old')

-Is it cheaper to go by car or by train? (not 'more cheap')

-Sue wants to buy a bigger car.

-This coat is okay but I think the other one is nicer.

but good/well —» better bad —» worse far —» further

-The weather wasn't very good yesterday but it's better today.

-Which is worse - a headache or toothache?

-	'Do you feel better today?'		'No, I feel worse.'
-	'How far is the station? A mile?' 'No, further. About two miles.'
-y adjectives (2 syllables) easy/heavy etc. —> -ier
easy—> easier		heavy —> heavier	early —> earlier

-Don't send a letter. It's easier to phone me. (not 'more easy')

-The bag is heavy but the suitcase is heavier.

long adjectives (2/3/'4 syllables) modern (= MOD-ERN) / expensive (= EX-PENS-IVE) etc.

—> more . . .

modern —» more modern polite —» more polite tired —» more tired expensive —» more expensive interesting —» more interesting

-	I don't like this house. I prefer more modern houses, (not 'moderner')
-	Don't talk about your job. Let's talk about something more interesting.
-	Is it more expensive to go by car or by train?

• Unit 82 older than... more expensive than ...

UNIT 81 Exercises

81.1 Look at the pictures and write the comparative (older / more modern etc.).

heavy

big

slow

expensive

high

dangerous

81.2 Write the comparative (older / more modern etc.).

1	old ....		7	difficult
2	strong		8	large
3	happy		9	far
4	careful		10	serious
5	important		11	crowded
6	bad		12	pretty
81.3 Write the opposite.
1	younger	3	cheaper	5	nearer
2	colder	4	better	6	easier

81.4 Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.

1 Sue's car isn't very big. She wants a

car.

2This house isn't very modern. I prefer . .... houses.

3You're not very tall. Your brother is

4Bill doesn't work very hard. I work

5My chair isn't very comfortable. Yours is

6Jill's idea wasn't very good. My idea was

7These flowers aren't very nice. The blue ones are

8	My case isn't very heavy. Your case is
9	I'm not very interested in art. I'm	in history.
10	It isn't very warm today. It was	yesterday.
11	These tomatoes don't taste very good. The other ones tasted
12	Britain isn't very big. France is
13	London isn't very beautiful. Paris is
14	This knife isn't very sharp. Have you got a	one?
15	People today aren't very polite. In the past they were

UNIT 82 older than ... more expensive than ...

• Unit 81 old/older expensive / more expensive

She's taller than him.

The Europa Hotel is more expensive than the Grand.

•We use than after comparatives (older than . . . more expensive than . . . etc.):

-Athens is older than Rome.

-Are oranges more expensive than apples?

-It's easier to phone than to write a letter.

-	'How are you today?' 'Not bad. Better than yesterday.'
-	Last night the restaurant was more crowded than usual.
• We say	. . . than me / than him / than her / than us / than them:
-	I can run faster than him. or I can run faster than he can.
-	You are a better singer than me. or You are a better singer than I am.
-	I got up earlier than her. or I got up earlier than she did.

•more/less than . . .

-A: How much did your shoes cost? £25?

B:No, more than that. (= more than £25)

-The film was very short - less than an hour.

-They've got more money than they need.

-You go out more than me. (= more often than me)

•a bit / much + older / more expensive etc.

Box A is a bit bigger than Box B.

bigger

a bit

older

much

better than . . .

more difficult more expensive

Box C is much bigger than Box D.

-Canada is much bigger than France.

-Jill is a bit older than Gary - she's 25 and he's 24i

-A car is much more expensive than a motor-bike.

UNIT 82 Exercises

82.1 Write sentences about Liz and Ben. Use than.

1	I'm 26.	1	I'm 24.
2	I'm not a very good swimmer.	2 I'm a very good swimmer.
3	I'm 1 metre 68 tall.	3	I'm 1 metre 66 tall.
4	I start work at 8 o'clock.	4	1 start .work at 8.30.
5	I don't work very hard.	5	I work very hard.
6	I haven't got much money.	6	I've got a lot of money.
7	I'm a very good driver.	7	I'm not a very good driver.
8	I'm not very friendly.	8	I'm very friendly.
9	I'm not a very good dancer.	9	I'm a good dancer.

	10 I'm very intelligent.		10 I'm not very intelligent.
	11 I speak French very well.		11 I don't speak French very well.
	12 I don't go to the cinema very much.		12 I go to the cinema a lot.
			7	Liz is a
			8	Ben
3	Liz is taller		9	Ben
4	Liz starts	Ben.	10	Liz
5	Ben	Liz.	11	Liz
6	Ben has got		12	Ben
82.2 Complete the sentences. Use than.
1	He isn't very tall.	You
2	She isn't very old.	You're
3	I don't work very hard. You work
4	He doesn't smoke very much. You
5	I'm not a very good cook. You

6We don't know many people. You

7They haven't got much money. You've got

8I can't run very fast. You can

9She hasn't been here very long. You

10 I didn't get up very early. You

11 He isn't very interesting. You

82.3 Complete the sentences with a bit or much + a comparative (older/better etc.).

1 Jill is 25. Gary is 24i 2 Jack's mother is 54. His father is 68. Jack's mother

3My camera cost £100. Yours cost £96. My camera

4Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel okay. I feel

5Today the temperature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was ten degrees.

It's

today

yesterday.

6Ann is a fantastic tennis player. I'm not very good. Ann

UNIT 83 not as... as

She's old but she's not as old as he is.

Box A isn't as big as Box B.

not as . . . as . . . :

-Rome is not as old as Athens. (= Athens is older)

-The Grand Hotel isn't as expensive as the Europa. (= the Europa is more expensive)

-I don't play tennis as often as you. (= you play more often)

-The weather is better than yesterday. It isn't as cold. (= as cold as yesterday)

not as much as . . . / not as many as . . .

(much/many • Unit 77):

-I haven't got as much money as you. (= you've got more money)

-I don't know as many people as you. (= you know more people)

-I don't go out as much as you. (= you go out more)

Compare not as . . . as and than:

- Rome is not as old as Athens.

	Athens is older than Rome, (not 'older as Rome')
	- Tennis isn't as popular as football.
	Football is more popular than tennis.
	- I don't go out as much as you.
	You go out more than me.
We say	. . . as me / as him / as her etc.:
-	She's not as old as him. or She's not as old as he is.
-	You haven't got as much money as me. or You haven't got as much money as I
	have.

Note that we say the same as . . . :

-My hair is the same colour as yours, (not 'the same like')

-I arrived at the same time as Tom.

UNIT 83 Exercises

83.1 Look at the pictures and write sentences about A, B and C.

1 A
2	A is	B but not	C.
3	C is	A but
4	A is	but

5B has got

6C works

83.2 Write sentences with as ... as ...

1	Athens is older than Rome.		Rome
2	My room is bigger than yours.			Your room isn't
3	You got up earlier than me.		I didn't
4	We played better than them.		They didn't
5	I've been here longer than you.			You haven't
83.3 Put in as or than.
1	Athens is older	Rome.			5 Jim isn't as clever		he thinks.
2	I don't watch TV as much		you.		6	Belgium is smaller	Switzerland.
3	You eat more	me.			7	Brazil isn't as big	Canada.
4	I feel better	I felt yesterday.			8	I can't wait longer	an hour.

83.4 Read about the three people and complete the sentences with the same ... as ... Use the word in brackets ( ).

1	(age)
2	(street)	Julia lives	Caroline.
3	(time)	Julia got up
4	(colour)	Andrew's

UNIT 84 the oldest the most expensive

B ox A is b i g g e r than box B.	The Europa Hotel is m o r e e x p e n s i v e than the
	Grand.
B o x A is bigger than all the other	The Europa Hotel is m o r e e x p e n s i v e than all
boxes.	the other hotels in the t o w n .
Box A is the biggest box.	The Europa Hotel is the m o s t e x p e n s i v e hotel
	in the town .

Bigger / older / m o r e Biggest / oldest / most

expensive etc.	are comparative forms	(• Unit 81).
expensive etc.	arc superlative forms.

• The superlative form is -est (oldest) or m o s t . . . (most expensive):

short adjectives (old/cheap/nice etc.) —> the -est:
old —> the oldest	cheap —> the cheapest		nice —> the nicest
but g o o d —» the best		bad —» the worst
Spelling • Appendix 4(4.4):		big —> the biggest	hot —> the hottest

-y adjectives (easy/heavy etc.) —> the -iest:

easy —> the easiest heavy —> the heaviest pretty —> the prettiest

long adjectives (modern/expensive/interesting etc.) —» the m o s t . . .

modern —> the most modern interesting —> the most interesting

•Don't forget the. Wc say: the oldest. . . / the most expensive . . . etc.:

-The church is very old. It's the oldest building in the town. (= it is older than all the other buildings)

-What is the longest river in the world?

-Money is important but it isn't the most important thing in life.

-Excuse me, where is the nearest bank?

• You can use the oldest / the best / the most expensive etc. without a noun:

-Ken is a good tennis player. I think he is the best in the club. (the best = the best player)

• You can use the		superlative + I've ever . . . / you've ever . . . (• Unit 16):
-	It was a very bad film — the w o r s t film I've ever seen.
-	What is	the m o s t unusual thing y o u ' v e ever done?

UNIT 84 Exercises

84.1 Write sentences with comparatives (older etc.) and superlatives (the oldest etc.).

(long/short)

(C/A) C is A.

(D) D is

(B) B

(young/old) (D/C) D

(B) B

(C)

(expensive/cheap)

(D/A) (C )

(A)

(good/bad) (A/C )

(A)

(D)

84.2 Write sentences with a superlative (the longest etc.).

	Brazil	large	country	planet	the USA	the solar system
Everest	Jupiter	long		state	Africa	South America
Alaska	the Nile	high	river	mountain	the world

2 Everest

3

4

5

6

84.3 Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.).

1	This building is very old.		It's	in the town.
2	It was a very happy day.		It was	of my life.
3	It's a very good film.	It's		I've ever seen.
4	She's a very popular singer. She's			in our country.
5	It was a very bad mistake.		It was	I've ever made.
6	It's a very pretty village.		It's	I've ever seen.
7	It was a very cold day.	It was		of the year.
8	He's a very interesting person. He's			I've ever met.