Английксий PRE-INTERMEDIATE

universities to double their students’ intake, and each university department is assessed on its performance and quality. However, the greatly increased quantity of university students might lead to a loss of academic quality.

The expansion has lead to a growing funding gap. Universities have been forced to seek sponsorship from the commercial world and wealthy patrons. The government decided to reduce maintenance grants but to offer students loans in order to finance their studies. However, the funding gap has continued to grow, more students are living at home to continue their studies: about 50 per cent at the ex-polytechnics, but only 15 per cent at older universities.

2. Read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.

1.a) The best way to get further education is to be unemployed.

b)Further education gives additional knowledge but no practical skills.

2.a) Massive expansion was achieved by creating new educational institutions.

b)The proportion of young people enrolled in full time higher education in 2000 was twice as large as in 2005.

3.a) Oxford and Cambridge grew as federation of independent colleges.

b)Ancient universities in Scotland had more links with continental Europe than with England and Wales.

4.a) In the XIX century more universities appeared because of economic problems in the country.

b)Open university provides its students with vocational training and conducts learning through the internet.

5.a)University examinations for BA or BSc involve some original research.

b)The highest degree is Doctor of Philosophy.

6.a) Foreign students are underrepresented because of high fees.

b)There are still some more prejudices about proper careers for men and women.

7.a) The UFC assesses the universities on their students’ intake.

b)The intake growth has led to financing the programme by the government.

Vocabulary

3. Form word partners.

1. maintenance	a. empire
2. poorer	b. research
3. original	c. quality

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4. university	d. backgrounds
5 overseas	e. departments
6. academic	f. grants

4. Fill in the gaps with the word partners in the task above.

1.Some students continue to complete a three-year period of ….. …. for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

2.The greatly increased demand for educated people was a result of the international revolution and the expansion of Britain’s …… ….. .

3.Each university consists of …… ……. .

4.The government decides to reduce ……. ……. but to offer students loans in order to finance their studies.

5.Students from ……. …….. are seriously underrepresented in higher education.

6.The greatly increased quantity of students of that universities might lead to lower … … .

5. Put these under the proper heading.
a. educated people				n. original research
b. enlarge access to				o. fee
c. sponsorship				p. «redbrick» foundations
d. adults				q. student population
f. loan				t. grant degree awards
g. female undergraduates				u. medieval foundations
h. ethnic minorities				v. part-time courses
i. students’ intake				w. finance
j. full-time training				y. examination
k. grant				x. «plate-glass» universities
l. unemployed				z. enroll in a course
m. ancient universities
	people		places		activities		money

6. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions.

1. It is the more prosperous people who have benefited most …. university expansion.

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2.Open university provides every person in Britain …. the opportunity to study …. a degree.

3.The massive expansion of higher education was achieved …. greatly enlarging access … undergraduate courses.

4.Part-time vocational courses give those who leave school … the age … 16 an opportunity to get a skill ….the manual, technical and clerical field.

5.The UFC assesses university departments …. their performance and quality.

6.The greatly increased demand …. educated people led … foundation of more universities.

7.Open University conducts learning ….. correspondence, radio and television, and also …. local study centers.

8.About three million students enroll each year … part-time courses … further education colleges.

9.They named « plate-glass» universities …. countries or regions rather than old universities.

10.Ethnic minorities representation is growing: 13 … cent in 1996 compared …. only 10.7 … cent in 1990.

Speaking

7.Look through the text again. Why are these numbers and dates important?

90, 47, 1988, 1992, 28%.

8.Discuss in pairs the answer to following questions:

1.What courses does further higher education provide?

2.How many categories of further and higher education universities are there in Great Britain?

3.What was the reason for massive expansion of higher education in the UK?

9.Make up 3 more questions to the text and ask your partner.

10.Make the list of actions taken by the British government to increase the number of universities.

11.Make the list of advantages and disadvantages of further higher education in the UK.

Advantages	Disadvantages
The intake has sharply increased.	The fee is very high.

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UNIT 2 STUDENTS’ LIFE IN THE UK (GREAT BRITAIN)

Focus: Students’ Life in the UK

Grammar focus: Wh-questions; Yes/No questions

Skills focus: Reading for specific information and comparing the systems of higher education in the UK, the USA and Russia; sharing opinions; completing the request form

TEXT B

Vocabulary

celebrated – известный, знаменитый power – власть, право

to grant smth. – npeдоставлять что-либо condition – состояние

intelligence – ум, интеллект require smth. – тpe6oвать term – ceмecтp

thesis (pl. theses) – диссертация

to make a contribution – вносить вклад postgraduate student – аспирант

conduct an examination (lesson, seminar, ...) — проводить экзамен scatter smth. – paзбрасывть что-либо

govern – управлять

to be responsible for smth., doing smth. – быть ответственным за public school – (англ.) закрытое частное среднее учреждение, (амер.) бесплатная государственная школа

applicant – претендент, кандидат, абитуриент available – имеющийся в наличие

to take smth. into consideration – принимать что-либо во внимание attendance – посещение

compulsory – обязательный apart from – кроме

to practice smth. (AE) (BE to practise) – 1) применять что-либо, 2) прак-

тиковать что-либо

to encourage smb., smth. to do – ободрять, поощрять что-либо opportunity – возможность

to deny smth. – отрицать что-либо this is not the case – это не так

per cent – процент

beyond the age of 15 – старше пятнадцати лет

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syllabus – программа (курса, лекций)

fellow – член совета колледжа; стипендиат и исследователь

tutorial – университетская система обучения путем прикрепления студентов к отдельным консультантам

essay – очерк, этюд , эссе, рассказ, реферат scholarship – стипендия

to perpetuate – увековечивать

to allocate scholarships – назначать стипендии

1.The text you’ll read is about students’ life in Britain. Before you read work in pairs and discuss these questions:

1.Would you like to study in Great Britain? Why/Why not?

2.What are the cultural differences in the life of Russian and British students?

3.Read the text and check your suppositions.

STUDENTS’ LIFE IN THE UK (GREAT BRITAIN)

The oldest and the most celebrated Universities of Great Britain are those in Oxford and Cambridge. There are also universities in London, Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham and other cities.

There are no state universities in Britain; each of the universities has its own government. It is the state however that defines their status and gives them the power to grant degrees to students. Each university itself decides in what condition it will grant degrees, but the form of examination and the standards of knowledge and intelligence required for the first degree (Bachelor of Arts, or Bachelor of Science) are about the same at all the universities.

Students still have to pay fees. Most students now do some paid work during their vacations, such as helping at the post office at Christmas and doing some seasonal jobs in summer, but practically none does paid work during the term-time.

The first postgraduate degree is normally that of Master, given for a thesis based on at least one year's full-time work.

The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given for a thesis which is an original contribution to knowledge. In a few of the biggest universities there are some seminars for postgraduate students, but usually there are no regular courses for them.

The university is a sort of federation of colleges. The university prescribes syllabuses, arranges lectures, conducts examinations and awards de-

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grees, but there is no single building which can be called the university. The colleges and university buildings are scattered about the town.

Each college is governed by its fellows and they are also responsible for teaching their own students through the tutorial system.

It is more expensive to study at Oxford or Cambridge than at any other university and it is not easy to find a place to study at Oxford or Cambridge.

About half of the students at these two leading universities are former pupils of prominent public schools. The number of applicants is usually several times as great as the number of places available. Colleges tend to admit young men who are good at football or some other sport, sons of former students, or sons of respectable citizens or millionaires, one of the main points taken into consideration that is they might support the university financially.

Special tests are used for allocating scholarships by which some students get a reduction of their fees.

Part of the teaching at all faculties is by means of lectures arranged by the university, and any student may attend any university lecture. At the beginning of each term a list is published showing all the lectures being given during the term within each faculty, and every student can choose which lectures he will attend, though his own college tutor advises him which lectures seem likely to be most useful. Attendance at university lectures is not compulsory.

Apart from lectures teaching is done by means of the «tutorial system». This is a system of individual consultations.

Each fellow in a college is a tutor in his own subject to the undergraduates who are studying it. Once every week each student has a tutorial, that is he reads out an essay which he has written and for an hour he and the tutor discuss the essay. Before writing an essay the student may consult his tutor.

Though the system of teaching practiced at Oxford, with its tendency to avoid set courses, is supposed to encourage independent thought and judgement, opinions differ, and at some universities regular courses of lectures for each of the subjects studied are preferred.

British education is supposed to provide equality of opportunity for all, but it is not to be denied that this is not the case.

Education in Great Britain is class-divided and selective. The number of young people who can enter the university is limited not so much by the capacity of the universities as by class considerations. The educational system tends to perpetuate social and economic power and privilege from one

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generation to the next.

2 Read the text again and find the answer to the following questions:

1.What are the oldest and the most celebrated universities of Great Britain?

2.Are there any state universities in Great Britain?

3.How are the universities governed? Who defines their status?

4.Is the form of examination different or the same at all the universities?

5.Do students have to pay fees for the tuition at the university?

6.Why do most students have to work while studying at the university?

7.What is the first postgraduate degree? What is it given for?

8.Who is awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy?

9.What does the university arrange?

10.Whom is each college governed by?

11.What are the Fellows responsible for?

12.Whom do these colleges usually admit?

13.Who applies for the place at Oxford or Cambridge?

14.How are the fees reduced?

15.Is the attendance of lectures compulsory or not?

16.What system of teaching is available at British universities?

17.What is the way of conducting tutorials?

3. Ask questions to the following statements:

1.The Master’s degree is given for a thesis based on one year's full-time work. (What for...)

2.The university arranges lectures, conducts examinations and awards degrees. (What...)

3.Each college is governed by its fellows. (By whom...)

4.Colleges admit young men who are good at sport. (Whom...)

5.Part of the teaching at all faculties is done by lectures. (How...)

6.Once every week each student has a tutorial. (How often...)

4. Ask questions to which the following may serve as the answers:

1.Only 1% of children of unskilled workers receive full-time education beyond the age of 18.

2.Many students do some paid work during their vacations.

3.It is the tutorial system that is believed to encourage independent thought and judgement.

4.Yes, students still have to pay fees.

5.The Fellows are responsible for teaching their students.

6.Teaching is mostly done by means of the tutorial system.

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5. Finish the sentences by choosing a word or phrases from the brackets:

1 British education ... (doesn’t provide equal opportunities for all; fails to develop potential talent and ability; is cheap; is expensive; gives little opportunity to workers' children).

2 Most universities in Great Britain... (are state universities; are independent; have their own government; aren’t financially supported by rich people).

3 Each university has the right... (to give degrees; to conduct meetings; to arrange lectures).

4 The first university degree is... (Doctor of Philosophy; Master of Arts; Bachelor of Arts).

5 University students have to work... (during the term; during their vacation; all the year round).

6 If a postgraduate student has defended a thesis, he gets a degree of...

(Bachelor of Science; Master; Doctor of Philosophy).

7 At British universities teaching is done mostly by means of... (lectures; seminars; the tutorial system).

8 Universities mostly admit... (former pupils of prominent public schools; workers' children; sons of millionaires).

9 British universities are supported financially by... (the state; rich private persons; public institutions).

10 Attendance at university lectures is... (compulsory; not compulsory).

6. Skim through the text again and finish the sentences:

1 British education is supposed to provide...

2 Only one per cent of children of unskilled workers receive...

3 The British educational system fails to develop...

4 All universities have the right to grant…

5 University students have to pay...

6 The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given for a thesis which is….

7 The university conducts...

8 The fellows who govern the university are responsible for...

9 The students are taught through...

10 Universities are financially supported by…

11 Colleges admit mostly sons of...

12 Some students get a reduction of their fees through...

13 Attendance at university lectures is...

14 The tutorial system is a system of...

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15 The tutorial system is supposed to...

Speaking

7. 1.Work in three groups. Each group reads a different text given by the teacher and concerning social students’ life. Read the texts and make notes on the key points. (p. 89 Supplementary materials to Module 1)

2 Form new groups of three people, each of whom has read a different text. Inform your partners about main points of the text you've read.

3 Work in the same groups and discuss the similarities and differences in students' life in the USA and in Russia.

4. Choose a spokesperson in the group to make a presentation to the whole class, summarizing the opinions in the group.

Writing

8. This form may be completed on line at: www. intstudy. com/f_application.htm

International Student

Further Information Form

Please take a few moments to complete this Request Form accurately in order to receive FREE comprehensive further information on any course(s) or college(s) worldwide. Relevant institutions will mail you a prospectus and application form within a few days.

Please note: We undertake that this information will be used solely for the purposes of helping you find the right combination of Country, Course and College. We guarantee that this form will only be forwarded to those colleges that meet your unique criteria.

Please supply your details

Full Name _____________________________________________

E-mail address__________________________________________

Nationality _______________ Date of Birth (MM-DD-YY) ___________

Gender * Male * Female

Are you married No Yes

1. Where do you reside?

Address _________________________________________________

Town/City_______________________________________

State/Country _________Zip/Post Code _________ Country________

Telephone ____________________________

2. What do you want to study?

What level of study are you interested in: (Must be selected)

*BA/BSc* MA/MSc/PHD* MBA* Community College * Pre-university Course* Diploma

Which country(s) you are interested in studying in: (select all that apply)

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*United States of America * United Kingdom * Europe * Australia * Canada * New Zealand

Financial Status

Fully Funded* Partially Funded* Scholarship Required

Intended Enrolment Time (select term and year)

Term: Spring Summer Autumn Winter Year: 2007 2008 2009 2010

3. School/College background

Institution Name _________	Address_____________________________
Current Education Level	______________________________

High School Certificate * A-levels

Baccalaureate * Bachelors * Masters *Doctorate

Are you aged 11-16 years? No Yes

UNIT 3 HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

Focus: Higher Education in Russia ( general overview)

Curricula and Degrees Awarded

Grammar focus: Wh-questions; Prepositions

Skills focus: Reading for specific information and comparing the systems of higher education in the USSR, the UK and Russia; making dialogues

TEXT C (1)

Vocabulary

academic year – учебный год

curriculum (curricula, curriculums) – курс обучения, учебный план, про-

грамма

entrance exams – вступительные экзамены

to be entitled to award state-recognized degrees –иметь право на выдачу дипломов государственного образца

to evolve – развертывать, эволюционировать, развиваться institution – организация, учреждение

to major in (v) – специализироваться по какому-то предмету, области major (n) – профилирующая дисциплина

major (a) – главный, более важный

tuition (tuition fee) – обучение, плата за обучение private individuals - частные лица

probation – испытание, стажировка; to be on probation – находиться на стажировке

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