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Safest Seat on a Plane

MYTH: It Doesn't Matter Where You Sit

"One seat is as safe as the other." -Boeing Web site

"It's an age-old question. There's just no way to say." -Federal Aviation Administration spokesman

"There is no safest seat." -airsafe.com

REALITY: It's Safer In the Back.

The funny thing about all those expert opinions: They're not really based on hard data about actual airline accidents. A look at real-world crash stats, however, suggests that the farther back you sit, the better your odds of survival. Passengers near the tail of a plane are about 40 percent more likely to survive a crash than those in the first few rows up front. That's the conclusion of an exclusive Popular Mechanics study that examined every commercial jet crash in the United States, since 1971, that had both fatalities and survivors. The raw data from these 20 accidents has been languishing for decades in National Transportation Safety Board files, waiting to be analyzed by anyone curious enough to look and willing to do the statistical drudgework. And drudgework it was. For several weeks, we pored over reports filed by NTSB crash investigators, and studied seating charts that showed where each passenger sat and whether they lived or died. We then calculated the average fore-and-aft seating position of both survivors and fatalities for each crash. We also compared survival rates in four sections of the aircraft. Both analytical approaches clearly pointed to the same conclusion: It's safer in the back. In 11 of the 20 crashes, rear passengers clearly fared better. Only five accidents favored those sitting forward. Three were tossups, with no particular pattern of survival. In one case, seat positions could not be determined. In seven of the 11 crashes favoring back-seaters, their advantage was striking. For example, in both the 1982 Air Florida accident in Washington, D.C., and the 1972 crash of an Eastern 727 at New York's Kennedy Airport, the handful of survivors were all sitting in the last few rows. And when a United DC-8 ran out of fuel near Portland, Ore., in 1978, all seven passengers who died were sitting in the first four rows. Oddly, the five accidents that favored front-cabin passengers all occurred between 1988 and 1992. In the 1989 United DC-10 accident in Sioux City, Iowa, for example, the majority of the 175 survivors sat ahead of the wing. There was just one crash in which passengers in the front had a pronounced survival advantage. The only two fatalities in a 1989 USAir runway accident at LaGuardia were both sitting in Row 21 in the 25-row Boeing 737-400. Where detailed seating charts were available, we also calculated survival rates for various parts of the passenger cabin. Again, the trend was clear: The rear cabin (seats located behind the trailing edge of the wing) had the highest average survival rate at 69 percent. The overwing section had a 56 percent survival rate, as did the coach section ahead of the wing. First/business-class sections (or in all-coach planes, the front 15 percent) had an average survival rate of just 49 percent. So when the "experts" tell you it doesn't matter where you sit, have a chuckle and head for the back of the plane. And once your seatbelt is firmly fastened, relax: There's been only one fatal jet crash in the U.S. in the last five-plus years.

Survival Rates

Survival rates for various parts of the passenger cabin, based on an analysis of all commercial jet crashes in the United States since 1971 where detailed seating charts were available. (Illustration by Gil Ahn. Diagram Courtesy of seatguru.com.)

Comprehension check

I. Say whether the given statements are: a) True, b) False, c) No information in the text:

1. Experts say there are no safe seats on a plane.

2. Experts opinion is fully based on hard data about actual airline accidents.

3. Passengers near the tail of a plane are about 40 percent more likely to survive a crash.

4. It is safer to travel by large planes rather than by small ones.

5. In both the 1982 Air Florida accident in Washington, D.C., and the 1972 crash of an Eastern 727 at New York's Kennedy Airport, there were no survivors.

6. No examples of the crashes, where the handful of survivors were all sitting ahead of wing were found.

7. Survival rates for various parts of the passenger cabin were calculated.

8. There's been five fatal jet crashes in the U.S. in the last five-plus years.

II. Define the following words.

Accident, survive, drudgework, conclusion, safe, advantage, fuel, expert, available, curious.

Which words you consider to be the key words of the text? Why?

III. Answer the questions.

1. What is the name of the organization, which studied the problem of the safest seats on a plane?

2. How many accidents were analyzed?

3. What does the scheme on page 2 represents?

4. What occurred between 1988 and 1992?

5. What is had an average survival rate in first/business-class sections?

6. To what conclusion do the authors of the article came?

Grammar check

Form comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives and adverbs.

Funny, far, curious, clearly, striking, near, clear, high, firmly, safe.

Writing practice

Write an abstract of the text (in English). Use the phrases:

1. The article discusses/ deals with / presents…

2. Special attention is paid to…

3. The text emphasizes the significance…

4. Of utmost importance is…

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