Grammar Test 9. Fill in the blanks.

1. He ___valuable information for a long time when he decided to change his field of search.

a) had been collecting b) has been collecting c) was collecting d) had been collected

2. Soon it was confirmed experimentally that genes ___ responsible for inheritance.

l) are b) are being c) has been d) were

3. Now we ___ an optimal solution, since there is a choice.

a) look for b) are look for c) are looking for d) are looking after

4. I know they ___ on a pilot project the whole month.

a) worked b) have been working c) were worked d) was working

5. We should avoid ___ premature conclusions.

a) to make b) be made c) being made d) making

6. The gravitational forces do not let the planets ___ the solar system.

a) to leave b) leave c) left d) being left

7. Different problems ___ in more detail at the next conference.

a) will treat b) would be treated c) will be treated d) are going to be treat

8. He says that Max Plank first ___ his conception of light emission at the turn of the century.

a) has introduced b) had introduced c) introduced d) would introduce

9. If she ___ hard she will be lagging behind the group all the year round.

a) won’t work b) don’t work c) doesn’t work d) will be work

10. I ___ some statistical studies this year.

a) attempted b) have attempted c) have been attempting d) had attempted

11. Light emission ___ by spectral analysis.

a) can be studied b) have to be studied c) can studied d) can be studying

12. Our research group ____ very hard last May.

a) has to work b) must work c) had to work d) must to work

13. By the end of 2003 some attempts ___ to classify the elementary particles.

a) has been made b) had been made c) have made d) have been made

14. Plasma ___ for about twenty years now.

a) is intensively studied b) has been intensively studied

c) had been intensively studied d) was intensively studied

15. We ___ some of our difficulties if we ___ better experimental techniques at that time.

a) would have resolved; had had b) would have resolve; have had

c) would resolve; had d) will have resolved; have

16. It is necessary that a research institution ___ together representatives of interrelated areas.

a) will bring b) should bring c) would bring d) brought

17. Our principal difficulties ___ in minimizing experimental errors, we had to change some approaches to this problem.

a) lying b) lie c) were lying d) been lying

18. The problem needs ___.

a) to be solving b) being solved c) been solving d) solving

19. We ___ the recent studies of this research group.

a) are interesting at b) are interested in c) are interest with d) are interested for

20. The director was the last ___ at the meeting.

a) to spoke b) to have spoken c) speaking d) to speak

Grammar Test 10. Fill in the blanks.

1. Our chemists ___ this method since 1995 before it was declared to be wrong.

a) had been developed b) has developed c) had been developing d) were being developed

2. It was observed that the electron ___ like a solid ball.

a) does not always behave b) did not always behave

c) did not always behaved d) has not always behaved

3. Now we ___a difficult dilemma: either to look for a better approach or to call off the experiments.

a) face b) are faced c) are facing d) are being faced

4. I know he ___ material for an article the whole last week.

a) collected b) was collected c) was collecting d) had collected

5. It is worth ___ in this connection some other contributions to this field.

a) to consider b) be considered c) being considered d) considering

6. Valence forces make atoms ___ themselves in molecules.

a) to bind b) bound c) being bound d) bind

7. The calculations ___ in two digit accuracy next month.

a) will be make b) will make c) will be made d) would be made

8. My friend says the Seventh Pugwash Conference ___ on May 10^th, 1961.

a) has opened b) had opened c) opened d) would be opened

9. If she ____classes she ___ with the group the whole month.

a) miss; will catch up b) misses; will be catching up

c) missed; will be catch up d) will be miss; would be catching up

10. This week I ___ a paper on high-energy physics.

a) wrote b) has written c) have written d) had written

11. Sometimes ionization ___ by ultra-violet radiation.

a) have to be accounted for b) can be accounted for

c) need be accounted for d) is to be accounted for

12. Last week one of my colleagues ___ our results at the conference.

a) has to report b) must to report c) must report d) had to report

13. Before the conference opened much of the data ___ quite well.

a) been analysed b) had been analysed c) have been analysed d) were analysed

14. Our scientists ___ for this experiment for three months.

a) had been preparing b) have been preparing c) have been prepared d) has prepared

15. We ___ to clarify a very important point if our study ___ successful.

a) would be able; proved b) would be able; has proved

c) would able; proved d) would being able; prove

16. It is natural that the Academy of Sciences ___ the distribution of funds for research.

a) should control b) would control c) will have controlled d) were controlling

17. The measures ___ the particles from leaving the interaction zone were considered to be the most effective.

a) prevent b) prevents c) were preventing d) preventing

18. The laser needs ___.

a) to be focusing b) being focused c) focusing d) been focusing

19. The method ___ the electric properties of these substances.

a) is based on b) is being based on c) had been based on d) bases upon

20. This scientist was the first ____ the above-mentioned phenomenon.

a) to discover b) to have discovered c) to be discovered d) discovering

Grammar Test 11. Fill in the blanks.

1. They ___ the energy losses for a month by the time of our conference.

a) have been calculated b) had been calculating

c) were being calculated d) were calculating

2. It was suggested by ancient philosophers that matter ___ of atoms.

a) was made up b) were made up c) would be make up d) are made up

3. Now science ___ a leading factor of progress of mankind.

a) is becoming b) becoming b) becomes d) has been becoming

4. I know he ___ for a difficult experiment in his laboratory from 5 to 10 p.m.

a) prepared b) has been preparing b) was prepared d) was preparing

5. He suggested ___ a program committee for this symposium.

a) setting up b) to be setting up c) to set up d) being set up

6. We heard Dr. White ___ at the last conference.

a) to speak b) being spoken c) spoke d) speak

7. In the next section considerations ___ to the statistical information.

a) will be given b) will be gave c) will give d) would be given

8. He also says that Einstein ____ his general relativity theory in the late 1940’s.

a) has worked out b) worked out c) would work out d) had worked out

9. They ___ on an interesting subject when you ____ at their research centre.

a) will be working; arrive b) will be worked; will arrive

b) will work; arrives d) would work; are arriving

10. I ___ in radio engineering for quite a few years now.

a) have been interested b) have interested c) was interested d) been interested

11. Energy release ___ in nuclear fission.

a) have to be achieved b) can be achieved c) can achieved d) can achieve

12. He ____ all of the work but only present the important data.

a) didn’t have to describe b) needn’t have to describe

c) mustn’t to describe d) didn’t has to describe

13. Before he took interest in this problem a lot of valuable information ___ on the age and composition of the moon.

a) has been obtained b) had been obtained c) had been obtaining d) have been obtained

14. Those post-graduate students ____ their scientific papers since September.

a) were writing b) had been written c) are writing d) have been writing

15. What ____ if plasma ____ by a magnetic field?

a) would happened; was not confined b) would happen; were not confined

c) would be happened; were not confined d) would happening; was not confined

16. It is essential that fundamental research ____ adequate attention.

a) should receive b) would receive c) will receive d) received

17. Some of our failures ____ from underestimating the importance of theory in research, we had to revise some key principles.

a) result b) being resulted c) resulted d) resulting

18. The workshop wants ___.

a) repairing b) being repaired c) to be repairing d) been repaired

19. This problem ____ photosynthesis in aquatic plants.

a) is related to b) have been related in c) is related with d) has been related for

20. The USA was the first ____ a man to the moon.

a) to launch b) to have launched c) to been launched d) launching

Grammar Test 15. Fill in the blanks.

1. Human language ___ us to think, to express our thoughts and to understand each other.

a) help b) helpes c) is helped d) helps

2. Not so long ago man ___ the steam engine and steam locomotives.

a) has invented b) invented c) had invented d) is inventing

3. ___ the bricks in the sun, the ancient Egyptians built simple houses of four walls and a flat roof above them.

a) being dried b) having dried c) dried d) having drying

4. Electronics is evident ___ a great contribution to automation.

a) to be made b) to have been made c) to have made d) to have making

5. If the upper value ___throughout a cubic inch of material, the density of electronic components ___ about a fourth of the density of nerve cells in the human brain.

a) could be achieved; would be b) could achieved; would been

c) could have achieved; would have be d) could being achieved; would being

6. He made this reaction ___ at reduced pressures.

a) ran b) run c) to run d) to be run

7. This substance reacts 100 times ___ the other one.

a) so fast as b) as fast as c) not fast as d) as fast with

8. While ___ the mixture we observed no temperature rise.

a) agitated b) agitating c) being agitated d) agitate

9. How many scientific laboratories ___ at your department?

a) there are b) are c) are there d) they are

10. With the isomerization ___the reaction, the yields were very low.

a) preceding b) preceded c) being preceded d) precede

11. These designers ___ their project by the beginning of the next year.

a) will finish b) will be finished c) will have finished d) will be finishing

12. It is important that the measurements ___ carefully.

a) would be made b) should be made c) were made d) being made

13. Lubricants ___ in engineering practice to diminish friction surface of machine parts.

a) are being employed b) are employed c) employed d) are employing

14. The investigators ___ at this problem for already 5 years.

a) has been working b) had been working c) have been working d) have being worked

15. I don’t think we ___ our work in time unless you ___ us.

a) finish; will help b) will finish; will help c) will finish; help d) will be finishing; help

16. This problem is worth ___ thoroughly.

a) to investigate b) investigated c) investigating d) being investigated

17. Now science ___ a leading factor of progress of mankind.

a) is becoming b) becomes c) becoming d) has been becoming

18. This modern expensive equipment from abroad wants ___ .

a) repaired b) being repaired c) repairing d) to be repairing

19. All the post-graduates of the Polytechnic University ___ attention to their pronunciation and spelling.

a) should pay b) would pay c) need pay d) should to pay

20. Romania and Albania were the last countries ___ the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

a) to join b) joining c) joined d) having joined

Grammar Test 16. Fill in the blanks.

1. Learning foreign languages ___ the native language.

a) enrich b) enrichs c) is enriched d) enriches

2. The steam engine ___ a revolution in the mode of production.

a) has worked b) worked c) had worked d) was worked

3. ___ into account biological, social and personal needs of the population modern architects design new residential areas.

a) have taken b) having taken c) taken d) having took

4. A great advance in electronics is considered ___ with the appearance of the transistor.

a) to be connecting b) to be connected c) to have connected d) to connect

5. If the part of the process ___, the robot ___ adapt to its new job without expensive retooling.

a) has changed; can be b) changed; could c) was changing; could be d) be changed; can being

6. They made the fluid ___ through a packed bed of a finely divided solid.

a) flown b) flew c) flow d) to flow

7. This solution reacts three times ___ the other one.

a) faster as b) as fast as c) so fast as d) less fast than

8. The molecule will remain in one of these minima while ___ a torsional vibration.

a) executed b) executing c) being executed d) execute

9. How much reaction liquid ___ in this beaker?

a) there are b) are there c) is there d) it is

10. With the experiments ___, we started new investigations.

a) having carried out b) having been carried out c) carrying out d) having out

11. The publishers ___ this reference-book by the end of the year.

a) will issue b) will be issuing c) will have issued d) will be issued

12. It is desirable that the surface of the metal ___ its melting point in order that it may be polished.

a) should reach b) would reach c) should have reach d) reached

13. Soft rubber ___ for electrical insulation.

a) are used b) is being used c) is used d) to be used

14. The sattelite ___ in its orbit for at least 3 years.

a) has been flown b) has being flown c) has been flowing d) has flowing

15. I ___ you our laboratory device for tomorrow if you ___ it back in time.

a) will give; will bring b) give; will bring c) will give; bring d) will be given; bring

16. This computer software is worth ___ .

a) modifying b) modified c) being modified d) been modifying

17. We know he ___ for a difficult experiment in his workshop just now.

a) prepared b) preparing c) is preparing d) prepares

18. Valence forces make atoms ___ themselves in molecules.

a) to bind b) bound c) being bound d) bind

19. Scientists ___ the problem of the so-called “ozone holes”.

a) should solve b) ought solve c) need solve d) can to solve

20. The USSR was the first ___ a manned spaceship to outer space.

a) launch b) to launch c) launching d) to have launched

Grammar Test 17. Fill in the blanks.

1. Millions of people with some other native language ___ English for business, professional or political purposes.

a) learns b) learnes c) learn d) are learned

2. For producing electricity man ___ different energy resources: coal, oil, gas, peat, shale, hydropower and nuclear energy.

a) had discovered b) have discovered c) discovered d) discover

3. ___ modern achievements in science and technology, the architects of today have a wide variety of facing and finishing materials.

a) having use b) having using c) having used d) having been used

4. The invention of electronic devices is known ___ a new important phase in the development of electrical engineering.

a) to became b) to have becoming c) to have become d) to have been become

5. If the Czech playwright Karel Czapek ___ his satirical drama R.U.R., the word “robot” ___ into the English language.

a) haven’t written; wasn’t introduced b) didn’t write; wasn’t introduced c) don’t write; won’t introduced d) hadn’t written; wouldn’t have been introduced

6. A given fluid is made ___ very slowly into the reaction vessel.

a) to flow b) flow c) flew d) to be flown

7. This acid reacts twice ___ the other one.

a) faster as b) so fast as c) as fast as d) less fast than

8. While ___ part in the discussion he advanced his famous theory.

a) taken b) taking c) being taken d) take

9. How many post-graduates ___ in your group?

a) is there b) there are c) are they d) are there

10. A new technique ___ , the yields rose.

a) having been worked out b) been worked out c) having being worked out d) having worked out

11. The chemists ___ this compound by the end of the month.

a) will develop b) will have developed c) will be developing d) will be developed

12. It is essential that the substance ___ chemically pure.

a) was b) were c) should be d) would be

13. The charge of an atom ___ by the number of neutrons present but depends on the balance between electrons and protons.

a) is not being affected b) are not been affected c) is not affected d) is not affecting

14. This post-graduate ___ his dissertation since last year.

a) had been written b) has been written c) has been writing d) has being written

15. As soon as our supervisor ___ the abstracts, we ___ to include them in our reports.

a) corrects; will be able b) will correct; are able c) would correct; be able d) will be correct; are able

16. These aspects of his scientific work are worth ___ into consideration.

a) taken b) taking c) to take d) to be taken

17. Now we ___ a difficult dilemma: either to look for a better approach or to call off experiments.

a) are faced b) face c) are facing d) are being faced

18. These old facilities for that unit want ___ .

a) to replace b) to be replacing c) replace d) replacing

19. The fundamental research ___ adequate attention.

a) should receive b) would receiving c) can to receive d) ought receive

20. Our scientists were the second ___ speeches at the conference devoted to the environmental problems.

a) to made b) to make c) to be making d) make

Vocabulary Test 9. Choose one of the options to match the underlined word.

1. Rates of nitric acid formation are expressed in the following equation.

a) are impressed b) are exposed c) are extracted d) are given

2. The solution is concentrated to the point where it will solidify when cooled.

a) to the graduation b) to the place where

c) to the interface by which d) to such a degree that

3. A complete review is available in another paper.

a) is allowed b) is presented c) is abundant d) is in short supply

4. Probes are made from titanium to withstand stresses caused by changes in velocity amplitude.

a) to sustain b) to support c) to provide d) to survive

5. The coil is rectangular in shape.

a) in form b) in size c) in texture d) in value

6. Now this drawback has been completely overcome.

a) decreased b) eliminated c) overdone d) outgone

7. Standard electrode potentials are indicated by V.

a) are estimated b) are generalized c) are symbolized d) are fitted

8. More than 15000 tons of sea water must be processed to obtain one ton of bromine.

a) must be soften b) must be advised c) must be contaminated d) must be treated

9. This control device is operated from the same regulator.

a) instrument b) piece c) lay-out d) sample

10. Teams are working on the advancement of the technology of gas-cooled reactors.

a) environment b) importance c) embodiment d) improvement

11. Whether natural or man-made, some of these trace substances occur as gases, others as aerosols.

a) manual b) manned c) artificial d) appropriate

12. This technique was developed originally for metallurgy.

a) was worked away b) was worked in c) was worked out d) was worked off

13. Such forces of expansion can break down the strongest material.

a) reinforce b) destroy c) disturb d) burst

14. The screw is situated at the rear of the panel.

a) is made b) is displaced c) is located d) is distributed

15. These parts need frequent maintenance due to corrosion.

a) modernization b) reconstruction c) repairs d) replacement

16. Resistance to high temperatures is a very important feature of refractories.

a) operation b) resolution c) opposition d) responsibility

17. Only 150 dollars has been paid for the machine but it is worth much more.

a) deserves b) validates c) costs d) estimates

18. This kind of machinery was considered to be stationary.

a) fixed b) present c) constant d) motive

19. For the first time scientists faced the problem ten years ago.

a) pushed b) constructed c) ran into d) expected

20. This discovery is in the exploratory stage.

a) steppe b) phase c) time d) interval

Vocabulary Test 10. Choose one of the options to match the underlined word.

1. This alloy demonstrates unique properties.

a) supports b) exhibits c) provides d) explains

2. If the check fails, the whole lot is rejected.

a) cheque b) priority c) trial d) chest

3. Close on 100% of the products show no defects.

a) debts b) drawbacks c) decreases d) declines

4. Power cannot be created or destroyed.

a) energetics b) energy c) strength d) power engineering

5. Environmental pollution is reduced by economical spraying of plants.

a) growth b) contradiction c) contamination d) infection

6. This plant produces agricultural machines.

a) firm b) facility c) plantation d) works

7. The storage facilities are widely spaced.

a) secured b) scattered c) separated d) shared

8. Drilling was discontinued because of lack of adequate equipment.

a) shortage b) drawback c) length d) malfunction

9. We give a brief overview of the fundamental properties of this design.

a) scale b) survey c) supply d) surplus

10. A large body of information is being processed.

a) capacity b) volume c) bulk d) extent

11. The refinery will come on stream next year.

a) will be received b) will be withdrawn from operation

c) will come to the conclusion d) will be put into service

12. Failure of the interlocks caused damage to the plant.

a) emergency b) breakdown c) accident d) lack

13. The electron and nucleus revolve about their common centre of gravity.

a) remove b) concentrate c) rotate d) circle

14. It is suspected that these adverse effects result from overheating.

a) applied b) harmless c) armoured d) harmful

15. The bottom electrode is built into the refractory lining.

a) withdrawn from b) employed in c) embedded in d) closed in

16. If the author misses his deadline, the publisher may withdraw the contract.

a) bargain b) agreement c) pact d) treaty

17. Elevated temperature favours oxidation.

a) flavours b) guarantees c) facilitates d) proves

18. The load was transferred from one power source to another.

a) origin b) original c) supply d) organ

19. The experiment failed to give a definite result.

a) balance b) outcome c) method d) approval

20. The movement is carried out intermittently.

a) functioning b) motion c) promotion d) traffic