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devices to help prevent freezing and frost formation. In addition, they need to be cleaned regularly to prevent deterioration of ventilation rates and heat recovery, and to prevent mold and bacteria from forming on heat exchanger surfaces.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний.

1)	улучшать эффективность		a) ventilation strategies
2)	вентиляционные стратегии		b) to install
3)	воздух внутри помещения		c) outdoor air
4)	устанавливать		d) to improve the effectiveness
5)	наружный воздух		e) indoor air
6)	сложные вентиляционные системы		f) exchanger surfaces
7)	поверхности теплообменников		g) complex ventilation systems
ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Соедините части предложений по смыслу.
1. Spot ventilation improves the			a) more expensive to install than other
effectiveness of other ventilation			ventilation systems.
strategies …
2. All of the fans, vents, and ventilation			b) a fan and duct system that introduces
equipment in a home work together as a			fresh air into rooms that residents
“ventilation system” …			occupy most.
3. An exhaust ventilation system is			c) by removing indoor air pollutants
composed of …			and/or moisture at their source.
4. A typical supply ventilation system			d) to exchange indoor and outdoor air
has …			without wasting energy.
5. Energy recovery ventilation systems			e) a single fan connected to a centrally
are …			located, single exhaust point in the
			house.

ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Вставьте необходимые предлоги.

1.You can’t rely … natural ventilation to ventilate a house uniformly.

2.Spot ventilation improves the effectiveness … other ventilation strategies … removing indoor air pollutants.

3.Supply ventilation systems allow better control … the air that enters the house than do exhaust ventilation systems.

4.A typical balanced ventilation system exhausts air … rooms where moisture and pollutants are most often generated.

5.Energy recovery ventilation systems operated … cold climates must have devices … help prevent freezing and frost formation.

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ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Выбрав правильный вариант, закончите следующие предложения.

1.A home’s natural ventilation rate is …

a)easily controlled; b) unpredictable and uncontrollable.

2.Spot ventilation includes the use of …

a)filters; b) localized exhaust fans.

3.Balanced ventilation systems are appropriate for …

a)all climates; b) cold climate.

4.Energy recovery ventilation systems…

a)are the cheapest ones; b) cost more to install than other ventilation systems.

5.A typical balanced ventilation system is designed to supply fresh air to …

a)rooms where people spend the most time; b) isolated rooms.

ЗАДАНИЕ 10. Подтвердите словами из текста, что:

1.Естественная вентиляция дома непредсказуема и неконтролируема. (A home’s natural ventilation is unpredictable and uncontrollable).

2.Правильная вентиляционная система для конкретного дома зависит от климата и потребностей структуры.

(The right ventilation system for a particular house depends upon the climate and the needs of the structure).

3.Вытяжные вентиляционные системы относительно просты и недороги в установке.

(Exhaust ventilation systems are relatively simple and inexpensive to install).

4.Приточные вентиляционные системы позволяют лучше контролировать входящий воздух, чем вытяжные вентиляционные системы.

(Supply ventilation systems allow better control of the air that enters the house than do exhaust ventilation systems).

5.Вентиляционные системы с рекуперацией энергии не только дороже в установке, но и требуют больших затрат на техническое обслуживание и потребляют больше электроэнергии.

(Energy recovery ventilation systems are not only more expensive to install, but they are also more maintenance intensive and consume more electric power).

ЗАДАНИЕ 11. Читайте текст, вставляя пропущенные слова, которые соответствуют тексту.

A home’s n… ventilation is unpredictable and uncontrollable, so you can’t rely on it to ventilate a house uniformly. Spot ventilation improves the effectiveness of other ventilation s… . Exhaust ventilation systems are relatively simple and inexpensive to i… . A typical supply ventilation system has a f… and d… system that introduces fresh air into roomsthat residents occupy most. A typical balanced

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ventilation system uses f… to remove dust and pollen from outside air before introducing it into the house. Balanced ventilation systems are appropriate for all c…

. Energy recovery ventilation systems are not only more expensive to install, but often they are also more maintenance intensive and consume more electric p… . Energy recovery ventilation systems operated in cold climates must have d… to help prevent freezing and frost formation.

ЗАДАНИЕ 12. Ответьте на вопросы, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1.Can you rely on natural ventilation to ventilate a house uniformly? (a home’s natural ventilation rate; unpredictable and uncontrollable;to rely on; to ventilate a house uniformly)

2.What does spot ventilation improve? What does it include? (the effectiveness of other ventilation strategies;to remove; indoor air pollutants; moisture; the use of localized exhaust fans)

3.How can ventilation systems be categorized? (exhaust, supply, balanced, and heat-recovery ventilation systems)

4.What does the right ventilation system for a particular house depend upon? (the climate; the needs of the structure)

5.What ventilation systems are most applicable in cold climates? (to be most applicable in cold climates; exhaust ventilation systems)

6.What ventilation systemsare relatively simple and inexpensive to install? (to be relatively simple; to be relatively inexpensive to install; supply ventilation systems)

7.What ventilation systems are appropriate for all climates? (to be appropriate for all climates; balanced ventilation systems)

ЗАДАНИЕ 13. Расскажите о вентиляционных системах по следующему плану, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1.Natural ventilation (the most common method; a home’s natural ventilation rate; unpredictable and uncontrollable; to ventilate a house uniformly).

2.Spot ventilation (to improve the effectiveness of other ventilation strategies; to remove indoor air pollutants and/or moisture at their source; to include the use of localized exhaust fans).

3.Four types of ventilation systems (exhaust; supply; balanced; heat-recovery; the right ventilation system for a particular house; to depend upon the climate and the needs of the structure).

4.Exhaust ventilation systems (simple and inexpensive to install; to be composed of a single fan; to be connected to; most applicable in cold climates).

5.Supply ventilation systems (simple and inexpensive to install; a fan and duct system; to allow better control of the air).

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6.Balanced ventilation systems (to supply fresh air; to exhaust air from rooms; to use filters; to remove dust and pollen from outside air; to be appropriate for all climates; to be more expensive to install and operate).

7. Energy recovery ventilation systems (expensive to install; to be more maintenance intensive; to consume more electric power; to help prevent freezing and frost formation; to prevent deterioration of ventilation rates and heat recovery; to prevent mold and bacteria from forming).

Text 2

Modern Radiant Heating

ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Прочитайте интернациональные слова и определите их значения, обращая внимание на части речи:

a)существительные: technology, temperature, mass, renovation, panel, system, electricity;

b)прилагательные: thermal; active, public, metal, comfortable, radical, compact, practical;

c)глаголы: distribute, install, operate.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Прочитайте предложение и догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов.

1.With the arrival of the public water supply in the nineteenth century, a new radiant heating system appeared.

2.This technology also works in walls and ceilings, and it can not only heat but also cool a building.

3.Thermally active building surfaces can’t give off heat quickly.

4.They distribute their warmth evenly throughout a space.

5.A radiant panel cannot be touched safely because burns would occur

immediately.

ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Используя образец и выражения, данные справа, расскажите о термически активных строительных поверхностях и об инфракрасных нагревательных панелях.

Образец: Thermally active building surfaces have a high thermal mass.

	a) are best suited for steady, cold
	temperatures
	b) can be operated by electricity or hot
1. Thermally active building	water
surfaces …	c)	distribute	their	warmth
	evenlythroughout a space
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2. Infrared heating panels …	d) can provide warmth quickly
	e) are best suited for frequently used
	spaces
	f) are light and compact
	g) can’t give off heat quickly
	h) are easy to install in an existing
	building
	i) require radical building renovation.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Познакомьтесь со словами и словосочетаниями, которые помогут вам понять текст:

1)thermally active building surfaces – термически активные строительные поверхности

2)a circuit of metal pipes – цепь из металлических труб

3)to heat – нагревать

4)to cool – охлаждать

5)to achieve – достигать

6)to give off heat – выделять тепло

7)to distribute warmth evenly – распределять тепло равномерно

8)thermal mass – термическая масса

9)thermal insulation – теплоизоляция

10)infrared panels – инфракрасные панели

11)to install – устанавливать

12)recessed into a suspended ceiling system–встроенный в подвесной

потолок.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Modern Radiant Heating

Thermally Active Building Surfaces

With the arrival of the public water supply in the nineteenth century, a new radiant heating system appeared: building surfaces heated by hot water running through a circuit of metal pipes. While these systems are generally known as radiant or heated floors, we prefer the term “thermally active building surfaces”, as this technology also works in walls and ceilings, and it can not only heat but also cool a building, which is achieved by running cold water through the pipes.

Thermally active building surfaces have a high thermal mass, which means that they can’t give off heat quickly. Because of this, they are best suited for frequently used spaces and steady, cold temperatures. They distribute their warmth evenly throughout a space, which means they’re not suited to localized heating. With a

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thermally active building surface, the whole roomwill becomfortable, regardless of how many people are inside and how much space is being occupied.

The main disadvantage of heated building surfaces is that they require radical building renovation, because the floor, the wall or the ceiling has to be broken away and built up again. Furthermore, thermal insulation is a necessity for outer walls or a great deal of heat will be lost to the outside.

Infrared Heating Panels

The most recent radiant heating systems are infrared panels, which can be operated by electricity or hot water. Radiant heating panels can provide warmth quickly.Radiant heating panels have more advantages over older systems. For example, they are light and compact, and, unlike heated building surfaces, they are easy to install in an existing building. Radiant panels can be mounted on the walls or the ceiling; they can be free-hanging, or recessed into a suspended ceiling system.

This makes it practical to use them in multiple rooms, and it also makes them suitable for tenants, who can take their heating system with them when they move to another place. On the downside, the heating surface of a radiant panel cannot be touched safely because burns would occur immediately.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний.

1)	излучающие полы или полы с подогревом			a) localised heating
2)	лучше всего подходят			b) outer walls
3)	локальное отопление			c) radiant or heated floors
4)	радикальный ремонт здания			d) to touch safely
5)	наружные стены			e) best suited (for)
6)	свободно висящий			f) radical building renovation
7)	безопасно касаться			g) free-hanging
ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Соедините части предложений по смыслу.
1. Thermally active building surfaces			a) burns would occur immediately.
can heat or cool a building, which is
achieved by …
2. The main disadvantage of heated			b) electricity or hot water.
building surfaces is that they …
3. Thermally active building surfaces			c) require radical building renovation.
can’t …
4. Infrared panels can be operated by …			d) running cold water through the pipes.
5. The heating surface of a radiant panel			e) give off heat quickly.
cannot be touched safely because …

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ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Вставьте необходимые предлоги.

1.Thermally active building surfaces are best suited … frequently used spaces and steady, cold temperatures.

2.They distribute their warmth evenly … a space.

3.The main disadvantage … heated building surfaces is that they require radical building renovation.

4.Thermal insulation is a necessity … outer walls or a great deal … heat will be lost.

5.Radiant panels can be mounted … the walls or the ceiling, they can be freehanging, or recessed … a suspended ceiling system.

ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Выбрав правильный вариант, закончите следующие предложения.

1.A new radiant heating system appeared in the …

a)20th century; b) 19thcentury.

2.Thermally active building surfaces are best suited for …

a)frequently used spaces; b) rarely used spaces.

3.Infrared panels can be operated by …

a)liquefied gas; b) electricity or hot water.

4.Infrared heating panels are …

a)light and compact; b) heavy and bulky.

5.It is it practical to use radiant panels in…

a)multiple rooms; b) isolated rooms.

ЗАДАНИЕ 10. Подтвердите словами из текста, что:

1.В девятнадцатом веке появилась новая система лучистого отопления: строительные поверхности, нагреваемые горячей водой, протекающей по цепи из металлических труб.

(In the nineteenth century, a new radiant heating system appeared: building surfaces heated by hot water running through a circuit of metal pipes).

2.Термически активные строительные поверхности лучше всего подходят для часто используемых помещений и устойчивых, холодных температур. (Thermally active building surfaces are best suited for frequently used spaces and steady, cold temperatures).

3.Основным недостатком нагреваемых строительных поверхностей является то, что они требуют радикальной реконструкции здания.

(The main disadvantage of heated building surfaces is that they require radical building renovation).

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4. Наиболее современными системами лучистого отопления являются инфракрасные панели, которые могут работать от электричества или горячей воды.

(The most recent radiant heating systems are infrared panels, which can be operated by electricity or hot water).

5.Инфракрасные панели легко установить в существующем здании. (Infrared panels are easy to install in an existing building).

ЗАДАНИЕ 11. Читайте текст, вставляя пропущенные слова, которые соответствуют тексту.

With the arrival of the public water supply in the 19thcentury, a new r… h… system appeared: building s… heated by hot water running through a circuit of metal pipes. Thermally active building surfacescan not only h… but also c… a building. They can’t give off h… quickly and are best suited for frequently used spaces and steady, cold temperatures. With a thermally active building surface, the whole room will be c… , regardless of how many people are inside.The main disadvantage of heated building surfaces is that they require radical building r… . The most recent radiant heating systems are i… panels, which can be operated by electricity or hot water. They are l… and c…, and are easy to install in an existing building. The main disadvantage of the heating s… of a r… panel is that it cannot be touched s… because burns would occur immediately.

ЗАДАНИЕ 12. Ответьте на вопросы, используя слова, данные в скобках:

1.What kind of a new radiant heating system appeared with the arrival of the public water supply in the nineteenth century? (building surfaces heated by hot water)

2.How is heating or cooling of a building by means of thermally active building

surfaces achieved? (hot or cold water running through the pipes)

3.Can thermally active building surfaces give off heat quickly? (to give off heat quickly)

4.Why are thermally active building surfaces best suited for frequently used spaces and steady, cold temperatures? (to have a high thermal mass; to give off heat quickly)

5.What is the main disadvantage of heated building surfaces? (to require radical building renovation)

6.What are the most recent radiant heating systems? (infrared panels)

7.What are the advantages of infrared panels? (light and compact; easy to install in an existing building)

8.What is the main disadvantage of infrared panels? (to be touched safely; burns; to occur immediately)

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ЗАДАНИЕ 13. Расскажите о современных системах лучистого отопления по следующему плану, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1.The arrival of thermally active building surfaces in the 19th century (a new radiant heating system; building surfaces heated by hot water; a circuit of metal pipes).

2.Advantages of thermally active building surfaces (to distribute warmth evenly throughout a space; to be best suited for; frequently used spaces; steady, cold temperatures; to becomfortable).

3.Disadvantages of thermally active building surfaces (to require radical building renovation; thermal insulation; outer walls).

4.Infrared heating panels (to be operated by electricity or hot water).

5.Advantages of infrared heating panels over older systems (to provide warmth quickly;to be light and compact;to be easy to install; to be mounted onthe walls, the ceiling;to be free-hanging; to be recessed into a suspended ceiling;practical to use in multiple rooms;easy to take a heating system to another place).

6.The downside of infrared heating surface (to be touched safely; burns; to occur immediately).

Тексты для самостоятельной работы

по теме «Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning»

Text A

Прочитайте текст и выполните задание.

Alternative Energy Sources

Alternative energy sources are widely available and environment friendly. They cause little or almostno pollution.

Solar Energy

Solar energy is one the alternative energy source that is used most widely across the globe. There are two kinds of solar energy: the active solar energy and the passive solar energy. Passive solar energy basically uses duration, position and sun’s ray intensity to its advantage in heating a particular area. Active solar energy uses electrical technology and mechanical technology like collection panels in capturing, converting and storing of energy for future use.

Wind Energy

This is one of the energy sources that have been in use for a very long time and for centuries. It does not cause any air pollution and have created several jobs in last few decades. Advancement in technologies has brought down the cost of setting up wind power plant. Wind energy can only be used in areas which experience high winds which mean that it cannot be used as a source to extract energy anywhere on earth.

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Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy can be found anywhere on the earth. Most countries tap this energy to generate electricity, using thermal mass flow meters, and power millions of homes. Geothermal energy is totally renewable. If these resources are tapped and are utilized effectively, they can provide solution to the world’s power problems.

Biomass Energy

Apart from wood, the other products that are used to create biomass energy include crops, plants, landfills, municipal and industrial waste, trees and agricultural waste. Biomass is renewable source of energy as we would be able to produce it as long as crops, plants and waste exist. It does not create any greenhouse gases and is can be easily extracted through the process of combustion. Another advantage of biomass is that it helps to reduce landfills.

Ocean Energy

Due to massive size of oceans, this energy can be used on much wider scale than other alternative sources of energy. The waves produced by the ocean and tides that hit the sea shore have enormous potential in them. There are 3 ways, i.e. tidal energy, wave energy and ocean thermal energy conversion via which ocean energy can be harnessed.

Hydrogen Energy

Hydrogen has tremendous potential and can be used to power up homes, vehicles and even space rockets. The main benefit of hydrogen energy is that it is clean source of fuel and does not leave any waste elements behind except water. There are no harmful emissions.It is environment friendly. It is completely renewable and can be produced over and over again on demand.

WRITING TASK

Напишите эссе на английском языке на тему «Альтернативные источники энергии».

Text B

Прочитайте текст и выполните задание.

HVAC Systems

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to achieve the environmental requirements of the comfort of occupants and a process.

HVAC systems are more used in different types of buildings such as industrial, commercial, residential and institutional buildings. The main mission of HVAC system is to satisfy the thermal comfort of occupants by adjusting and changing the outdoor air conditions to the desired conditions of occupied buildings. Depending on outdoor conditions, the outdoor air is drawn into the buildings and heated or cooled before it is distributed into the occupied spaces, then it is exhausted to the ambient air or reused in the system. The selection of HVAC systems in a given building will

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