-Конструкции котлов

The rise in uptake temperature is caused by a dirty air heater.

AFFECT

XIII. Переведите предложения двумя способами А и В:

Model: The oil flow is affected by temperature.

A. Температура оказывает влияние на протекание топлива. В. Протекание топлива зависит от температуры.

1.Corrosion is affected by leaks in the boiler.

2.Brickwork life is affected by high temperatures.

3.Soot formation is affected by dirty economizer.

4.The tensile strength is affected by temperature.

5.In some boilers tubes and shells are affected by corrosion.

Grammar Pattern to Text B

The collapsed furnace ... was found to have been coated with scale,

Было обнаружено, что разрушенная жаровая труба была покрыта накипью.

Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы:

1.What was the main cause of boiler explosion on board the ship?

2.Was the outboard furnace fractured as well? (Заметьте, сколько времени вам для этого потребуется).

TEXT B

BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL FAILURES

(1) In 1955 there was a-very nasty boiler explosion on board a ship at sea in which two men lost their lives. (2) The Report of Formal Investigation stated that the cause of the explosion was the failure of the inboard furnace of the port boiler due to overheating following heavy scale formation on the water side of tin' furnace as a result of substantial quantities of salt water being allowed into the boiler. (3) At the time of the explosion, the inboard furnace fractured round half its circumference at about the third corrugation* from the furnace front and collapsed over a length of 1.5 m. (4) This allowed the contents of the boiler to escape into the furnace with the result that both the furnace front and fire back were blown off the boiler and the steam and water escaped into the engine room. (5) The collapsed furnace on the water side was found to have been coated with scale from 8 mm to 16 mm thickness. (6) The outboard furnace which did not collapse was found to be covered with heavy scale up to 19 mm thick in places and was slightly bulged inwards along the sides. (7) Scale deposits which are allowed to accumulate on the water side of the back-end plate and around (lie necks of the tubes in multi-tubular boiler offer considerable resistance to the flow of heat between the boiler plate and the wafer. (8) Any reduction in the normal heat transfer efficiency brought about by scale or, as mentioned earlier, oil deposit- ; will be followed by a substantial increase in the temperature of the plate,

which should never exceed 482 °C.

/ "Motor Ship"/

______________________

∙получила трещину длиной в пол-окружности, примерно у третьей волны гофрировки.

EXERCISES

I. Переведите следующие словосочетания.

Heavy scale formation; the furnace front; fire back; on the water side of the furnace; the back-end plate; boiler plate; multitubular boiler; normal heat transfer efficiency; substantial quantity of salt; substantial increase in temperature; to fracture round half the circumference; around necks of the tubes; to be slightly bulged inwards; to escape into the furnace.

II. Найдите эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний в тексте.

А. Сильный взрыв котла; отложения накипи; котел левого борт та; толстый слой накипи; повреждения бортовой топки; внутренняя топка; разрушенная топка; содержимое котла.

В. Разрушаться; покрываться накипью; вспучиваться; скапливаться; оказывать значительное сопротивление.

III. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

Запомните: из-за — because of; due to

врезультате — as result

врезультате чего —with the result that…

1.На судне в море произошел сильный взрыв котла из-за повреждения внутренней топки.

2.Взрыв был вызван повреждением внутренней топки котла левого борта из-за перегрева.

3.Перегрев последовал в результате образования толстого слоя накипи на водяной стороне жаровой трубы из-за большого количества соленой воды, попавшей в котел.

4.Во время взрыва жаровая труба внутренней топки получила трещину длиной в полокружности, в результате чего содержимое котла попало в топку.

5.Было обнаружено, что разрушенная жаровая труба котла на водяной стороне покрыта

накипью толщиной в 8—16 мм.

6. Дело в том, что отложения накипи, которые скапливаются в котле, оказывают значительное сопротивление тепловому потоку, в результате чего уменьшается эффективность теплопередачи.

IV. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.How many people were killed during the boiler explosion?

2.What was the failure of the inboard furnace caused by?

3.What was the explosion caused by?

4.What was the cause of overheating?

5.What was the cause of heavy scale formation?

6.How big was the inboard furnace fracture and what happened as a result of the fracture?

7.How thick were scale deposits found on the collapsed furnace and on the outboard furnace which did not collapse?

8.Why are scale deposits dangerous?

V. Опишите взрыв котла на борту судна и причины, вызвавшие его. Используйте упражнение IV как план для своего рассказа (запишите свое высказывание на магнитофон).

Запомните: to follow — следовать за (чем-либо)

following— следующий за (чем-либо), последовавший за чем-либо to be followed by — сопровождаться (чем-либо)

to allow — допускать, позволять allowable — допустимый

Глагол to allow в страдательном залоге с последующим инфинитивом при переводе на русский язык может опускаться (см. предложение 7 в тексте).

to escape (into) — выходить в ..., (зд. попадать) проникать в...

VI. Переведите на русский язык.

а) 2, 4, 7, 8-е предложения из текста В, обращая внимание на указанные выше глаголы;

б) 5, 6-е предложения, пользуясь Grammar Pattern к тексту В. Прочтите текст С без словаря.

TEXT C

TANKER STEAM REQUIREMENTS

The steam demand on most tankers is in most cases such that an auxiliary oil-fired boiler is required to meet the load especially when in port, while at sea it is usually found that the exhaust gas boiler can operate for about 95 per cent of the operating time of the vessel.

Tankers with steam turbine-powered alternators, and steam cargo pumps have a large steam requirement in port and thus an oil fired auxiliary boiler is necessary. At Sea the auxiliary boiler may only require to be flashed up during tank cleaning or initial cargo heating while generally enough steam can be supplied from the waste-heat boiler to maintain the cargo tank heating, domestic heating and to operate an auxiliary turbo alternator.

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. How many boilers are usually installed on a tanker? 2. When is the auxiliary boiler used? 3. What is it used for? 4. Is this boiler used at sea? 5. What boiler operates at sea? 6. How much time can it operate? 7. What devices operate on steam generated by the auxiliary boiler? 8. For what purpose is it used at sea? 9. What purpose is the waste-heat used for? 10. Does it supply enough steam?

Прочтите деловое письмо и найдите ответы на следующие вопросы:

1.What's the cause of the tubes failure?

2.Why are the boiler tubes in bad condition on the m/v "N"?

3.What happens after a number of boiler tubes are plugged? (Заметьте, сколько времени вам для этого потребуется.)

Business Letter

UNITOR SHIPS SERVICE Incorporated

Baltic Shipping Co.

5, Mezhevoy Kanal,

Leningrad 35, USSR.

Attention: Captain E. Dear Sirs,

During my visit to your vessel on February 7, this year I learned that the Chief Engineer discovered a heavy leakage in the tubes of the ship's boiler, mainly at the bottom, but also on the top.

After the repairs we also discovered a leakage in the mid section of a few tubes. We had to plug them at both ends and weld.

The boiler has a total of about 160 tubes and a number of tubes had to be plugged. A low working pressure of the boiler is a result of this.

According to the ship's specifications, the working pressure of the boiler should be 10 kg/sq. cm. However, the working pressure of 6—8 kg/sq. cm will appear after a number of tubes are plugged. On the ship's arrival in Leningrad major repairs to the boiler should be done.

The above indicates that most of the tubes are in bad condition due to corrosion.

How can you stop corrosion? Here is the key to solve this problem. Regular and correct use of marine chemicals in the boiler will cut corrosion to a minimum. A test kit is available to help to control the necessary chemical balance. This kit is easy to use and all instructions, charts, etc. are included and can be translated into Russian at your request.

'These chemicals will help to provide a longer life of the boiler and less repair to it.

"Unitor" is a unique company with agents and branches in 330 ports around the world. Our services are reliable. We can offer assistance in the use of our chemicals to each ship that calls at a port in which we are located.

More information about our products and services can be obtained. Thank you for your consideration.

Faithfully yours,

UNITOR SHIPS SERVICE (NEW ORLEANS), INC.

WORDS AND PHRASES TO REMEMBER heavy leakage — сильная протечка

to plug a tube — заглушить трубку

ship's specifications — судовая спецификация major repairs — капитальный ремонт

minor repairs — мелкий ремонт

in bad condition — в плохом состоянии

the key to solve the problem — ключ к решению проблемы a test kit — зд. переносная лаборатория

to cut to a minimum — свести до минимума

to control chemical balance — контролировать химический баланс at one's request - по чьей-либо просьбе

to offer assistance — предлагать помощь

to hold in working condition — держать в рабочем состоянии

EXERCISES

I.Ответьте на вопросы.

1)Where was a heavy leakage discovered in the ship's boiler?

2)What kind of repairs did they have to do to eliminate the leakage?

3)Why are major repairs to the boiler recommended?

4)How can corrosion of tubes be stopped? What's the key to solve this problem?

5)Will the correct use of marine chemical eliminate the corrosion completely, or will it cut corrosion to a minimum?

6)What equipment can help to control the necessary chemical balance?

7)How can a long life of the boiler be provided?

8)What kind of services are offered by UNITOD SHIPS SERVICE?

9)What marine chemicals do you use on board your ship, if at ail (если вы вообще их используете)?

10)In what condition is the boiler on board your ship? What

do you do to keep it in working condition and to provide a longer life?

II. Перескажите содержание делового письма, используя слова и выражения к тексту.

III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глагола have/has.

1.On February 7, I learned that the Chief Engineer had discovered a heavy leakage in the boiler tubes. We had to plug the tubes.

2.The boiler has a total of about 160 tubes and a number оf tubes had to be plugged.

3."F-W" the world's leading supplier of marine boilers has been awarded a contract for two coal-fired steam generators.

4.The technical department in Bremerhaven has to deal with repairing auxiliary boiler therefore they have a lot of experience in this field.

5. As the separated oil collects beneath the diaphragm, the increase in pressure forces the latter upwards, which in turn, has the effect of turning the specific gravity disc via rod, lever and shaft?

6.Once all the oil has been discharged a second micro switch is operated by the cam.

7.The plates of the plate heat exchanger have double gaskets at the ports.

Прочтите телекс и ответьте на вопрос:

What does the West German Company offer to the Baltic Shipping Company (B.S.C.)? TO: BALTIC SHIPPING CO., LENINGRAD

ATTN. MR. A PASSENGER SHIP TECHNICAL DEPTM. FM: VAROGA, ENGINEERING AND TECHN. DEPT,

BREMERHAVEN, WEST GERMANY TLX. NO.724 DT. 30/07/8...

DEAR MR. A.

WF. REFER TO OUR TELEX OF 27/06/8 ... CONCERNING THE DAMAGED AUXILIARY BOILER OF M/V "B". WE WOULD BE MUCH OBLOGED TO YOU FOR INFORMING US IF YOU HAVE ALREADY TAKEN ANY DECISION IN THIS MATTER WE ARE SURE OUR OFFER IS VERY COMPETITIVE. OUR COMPANY IS USED TO DEAL WITH SUCH SORT OF TECHNICAL PROBLEMS AND THEREFORE WE HAVE A LOT OF EXPERIENCE IN THIS FIELD.

WE WOULD ALSO BE PREPARED TO MEET YOU IN LENINGRAD TOGETHER WITH OUR TECHNICAL SUPERVISOR TO DISCUSS GENERAL TECHNICAL MATTERS WITH YOU. WE ARE LOOKING FORWARD TO RECEIVING YOUR PROMPT REPLY AND ASSURE YOU OF OUR SERVICE AND COOPERATION.

YOURS SINCERELY, VAROGA

WORDS AND PHRASES TO REMEMBER

referring to, concerning	- относительно, касательно
we would be very much obliged	-мы были бы очень благодарны, если бы вы нам
to you for informing us	сообщили
we are used to deal with ...	- мы привыкли иметь дело с…
we are looking forward to
receiving your prompt reply	-мы с нетерпением ждём получения вашего
	скорого ответа

EXERCISES

1. Выразите несогласие и приведите свои доводы. Используйте модель и слова в скобках.

Model: The German Company is sure that the B.S.C. is going to take their offer (therefore, to send such a telex) — On the contrary, they are not sure, therefore, they are sending such a telex.

1. The B.S.C. has informed the German Company of their decision (therefore, to ask for information).

2. The B.S.C. has already taken a decision to place an order tor-repairs with the engineering department (therefore, to insist that their offer is competitive).

3. The German Company is afraid that they can't make such sort of repairs as they have little experience (to be used to deal with such kind of repairs).

4. The engineering department is not used to deal with repairing auxiliary boilers (to have a lot of experience).

5.The Company has refused to make repairs to damaged boiler on the m/v "B" (to look forward to receiving this order).

6.The engineering Company is ready to be waiting for the reply as long as it is necessary (to look forward to receiving a prompt reply).

II.Дайте, где возможно, развёрнутые ответы на вопросы.

1.Do you think the auxiliary boiler is badly damaged or slightly damaged? Why?

2.Does the German Company offer to carry out major or minor repairs to the boiler?

3.Does the engineering department have any experience in repairing auxiliary boilers?

4.Why do you think they are sure that their offer is very competitive?

5.How are they going to discuss all the technical problems concerning the repairs?

6.What could be the damage to the auxiliary boiler on the m/v "B"?

7.What was the cause of this damage? ( Запишите свои ответы на магнитофон)

III. Составьте ответный телекс.

Запомните: рассматривать — to consider

размещать заказ в — to place an order with ...

для обеих сторон — for both parties

будьте любезны сообщить нам — kindly ask you to inform us

Относительно Вашего телекса от 30.07.2003..., касающегося поврежденного котла на т/х «Б».

Мы рассмотрели Ваше предложение и решили разместить у Вас наш заказ. Мы знаем, что у Вас есть большой опыт ремонта вспомогательных котлов.

Мы готовы встретиться с Вашим представителем в Ленинграде, чтобы обсудить все технические вопросы подробно.

Будьте любезны сообщить нам, когда Вы хотели бы организовать эту встречу. Ждем вашего незамедлительного ответа.

С уважением

Прочтите текст D

TEXT D

RETURN OF COAL

Foster Wheeler, the world's leading supplier of marine boilers, has been awarded a contract* for two coal-fired marine steam generators. They are the first such units to be ordered for a United States ocean-going vessel in nearly 50 years.

The boilers will power a 665-foot vessel, each supplying 48,000 pounds of superheated steam per hour at a temperature of 900 °F and opera ting at a pressure of 870 psi. Only proven technology is used and the fuel is readily available coal.

The boilers and the totally enclosed coal and ash handling systems are engineered to meet specific operating requirements and with these fully automated units there is no need for additional manpower.

/"Fairplay"/

EXERCISES

I. Ответьте на вопросы:

1.How do the coal fired boilers operate? What are their characteristics?

2.How is ash handled in the new system?

3.Why won't the steam plant of this kind require additional hands?

4.Why do designers try to switch over (переключаться) to coal today?

II. Дайте развёрнутый ответ на вопросы:

Does the order for two coal-fired marine steam generators mean a return of coal in marine practice in general?

What do you think about it?