УМК ин.яз.(английский) БТФ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

ПОЛЕССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Ю.В. Корженевич Л.В. Бутрина В.Г. Мартынович В.Н. Мацкевич Ю.Н. Русина

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (английский)

специальности: 1-31 01 01 Биология (по направлениям); 1-74 03 03 Промышленное рыбоводство; 1-75 02 01 Садово-парковое строительство

ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАПИСКА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ РАЗДЕЛ РАЗДЕЛ КОНТРОЛЯ ЗНАНИЙ ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНЫЙ РАЗДЕЛ

Пинск

ПолесГУ

2018

компьютерной программе Assist, установленной на всех компьютерах ПолесГУ), перечень вопросов к зачету, содержание экзамена.

• Вспомогательный раздел, содержащий УЧЕБНОПРОГРАММНУЮ ДОКУМЕНТАЦИЮ (учебную программу учреждения высшего образования по учебной дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский)» для специальностей 1-31 01 01 Биология (по направлениям) (дневная и заочная формы обучения); 1-74 03 03 Промышленное рыбоводство (дневная и заочная формы обучения); 1-75 02 01 Садовопарковое строительство (дневная и заочная формы обучения) / сост.: Л.А. Изотова, В.Г. Мартынович, Л.В. Бутрина, В.В. Ширяев. – Пинск: ПолесГУ); МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ и СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ.

Учебная программа отражает общие требования к формированию социально-личностных компетенций, цели и задачи дисциплины «Иностранный язык (английский)», общие требования к уровню освоения ее содержания и требования к практическому владению всеми видами речевой деятельности, включает в себя описание структуры курса и содержания учебной дисциплины, рекомендуемые к использованию в процессе обучения иностранному языку методы и технологии, учебно-методическую карту дисциплины, требования к содержанию и формам промежуточного и итогового контроля по дисциплине, примерный перечень заданий для управляемой самостоятельной работы студентов и рекомендуемую литературу.

Список использованных источников включает перечень учебников и пособий, материалы которых использованы в данном УМК.

Данный УМК может быть дополнен материалами, находящимися в компьютерной базе кафедры иностранных языков ПолесГУ: дополнительными аутентичными профессионально ориентированными текстами по изучаемым темам с комплексами упражнений, аудио и видеоматериалами, презентациями.

Подбор материалов для данного УМК осуществляли следующие преподаватели кафедры иностранных языков: Корженевич Ю.В. (Personal Identification. The Changing State of the Family), Мартынович В.Г. (English as a World Language), Мацкевич В.Н. (My University Life. Rights and Freedom), Корженевич Ю.В. Each Man Is a Creator of a Temple Called the Human Body, Корженевич Ю.В. (The World around us), Бутрина Л.В. (Business Trip), Русина Ю.Н. (My Future Career), Корженевич Ю.В. (At the Doctor’s, Healthy Life

Style, The Problems of Environmental Protection, Climate and Weather, New Technologies in Biology and Medicine – a Blessing or a curse?, Fish. Types of Fish, Landscape and Gardening Design).

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ РАЗДЕЛ

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION. THE CHANGING STATE OF THE

FAMILY

Family and Relatives

Consult the dictionary and translate the following words and word combinations:

Family

spouse

child, children sibling

great-grandfather, great-grandmother; great-grandchild adopted son, adopted daughter, adopted child

foster family; foster father, foster mother, foster parents; foster son, foster daughter, foster child

Relatives

uncle, aunt; nephew, niece cousin, first cousin, second cousin

my family, my relatives, my folks, my kin

Relatives by marriage

in-laws; father-in-law, mother-in-law; son-in-law, daughter-in-law brother-in-law, brothers-in-law, sister-in-law, sisters-in-law

Age groups

child, baby, infant; teenager, adolescent; adult, grownup young man, young woman; old man, old woman

Marital status and related words single, married, engaged; separated, divorced; widower, widow fiance, engagement, engagement ring

bride, bridegroom, wedding, wedding rings, honeymoon divorce, ex-husband / ex, ex-wife / ex; alimony, child support girlfriend, boyfriend

lover, paramour, beau, mistress

Other related words

pregnancy, birth

child care, kindergarten, day-care centre, babysitter illness, sickness, disease

death, funeral, burial, cemetery, grave

Vocabulary Exercises

Exercise 1

Choose one of the names in the family tree below and say how the person is related to other people. Note that the pictures of marriage partners are connected with wedding rings.

►Pattern: William Luke is Leon Luke’s son, Philip Smith’s nephew and Laura White’s grandson

Exercise 2

Make up your family tree and speak about your family.

Exercise 3

Work in pairs and talk. Imagine that:

a)you are speaking with a distant relative trying to find out what relation you are to one another;

b)you show your family album to your friend and answer all his or her questions.

(Borrowed from Spoken English. Part I. Ю.В.Корженевич )

FAMILY AS THE KEY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

There are many different views on family life. Some people say they cannot do without the support and love of their families. Many others say it is the source of most of their problems. Yet it is difficult to give the definition of a ”normal“ family.

What exactly is a family? Broadly speaking the family is a group of people related by blood or law, living together and joined by marriage for a common purpose.

Sociologists divide families into two general types: the nuclear family and the extended family. In highly developed industrial countries, especially in their large cities, the nuclear family is regarded as normal. Most people think of it as consisting of two parents and two-children. But even this type is changing; there are a lot of families with one child only, which means that the nuclear family is shrinking year by year.

The variety of family types exiting at present also includes unmarried couples living together, two-person childless families, single-parent homes which are becoming steadily more common.

Family is important for every person because it gives you a feeling of having understanding. In happy families parents are honest with their children. At weekends they have breakfast together. They broadly smile and look cheerful. In a friendly family people are gentle, respectful and loving.

At wedding ceremonies couples are sure that they will have and hold each other from this day forward. Marriage is a very responsible decision. Common interests, mutual respect are no less important than love. Children need to know that their parents love them and they also love each other.

People say that small children create small problems while the big ones bring big problems. The older we grow, the more patient our parents should be with us.

Every generation is different from the previous one. Parent’s judgments on many things are sensible and reasonable, but at the same time children have the right to make their own mistakes and to overcome their own hardships.

Sociologists think that the family reflects all the processes of modern society and, like any social phenomenon, it keeps changing.

Exercise 1

Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

поддержка; уменьшаться; нуклеарная семья; расширенная семья; неженатые пары; бездетная семья; неполная семья; ответственное решение; общие интересы; свадебная церемония; поколение; преодолевать трудности.

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences:

1.Some people say they can not do without ….

2.The family is a group of people ……

3.Sociologists divide families into two general types: ….

4.The variety of family types existing at present also includes …..

5.Family is important for every person because …

6.At wedding ceremonies couples are sure that ….

7.The older we grow…

8.Sociologists think that the family ….

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1.Is it easy to give the definition of a ”normal“ family? Why?

2.What is a family?

3.What are two general types of the family? Can you name any other types of families?

4.Why is family important for every person?

5.Can you describe a happy family?

6. People should think everything over before they get married, shouldn’t

they?

7.Is it easy for people of different generations to live together? Why?

8.Will any new types of families appear in the future?

(Borrowed from Spoken English. Part I. Ю.В.Корженевич )

FAMILY LIFE IN BRITAIN

The English are a nation of stay-at-home. "There is no place like home," they say. And when the man is not working he is at home in the company of his wife and children and busies himself with the affairs of the home. "The Englishman's home is his castle," is a saying known all over the world. And it is true.

A "typical" British family used to consist of mother, father and two children, but in recent years there have been many changes in family life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and others are the result of changes in society. For example, since the law made it easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. In fact one marriage in every three now ends in divorce. This means that there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant than it used to be of unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents.

Another change has been caused by the fact that people are living longer nowadays, and many old people live alone following the death of their partners. As a result of these changes in the pattern of people's lives, there are many households which consist of only one person or one person and children.

You might think that marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were. However, the majority of divorced people marry again, and they sometimes take responsibility for a second family.

Members of a family - grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins - keep in touch, but they see less of each other than they used to. This is because people often move away from their home town to work, and so the family becomes scattered. Christmas is the traditional season for reunions. Although the family group is smaller nowadays than it used to be, relatives often travel many miles in order to spend the holiday together.

In general, each generation is keen to become independent of parents in establishing its own family unit, and this fact can lead to social as well as geographical differences within the larger family group.

Relationships within the family are different now. Parents treat their children more as equals than they used to, and children have more freedom to make their own decisions. The father is more involved with bringing up children, often because the mother goes out to work. Increased leisure facilities and more money mean that there are greater opportunities outside the home. Although the family holiday is still an important part of family life (usually taken in August, and often abroad) many children have holidays away from their parents, often with a school party or other organized group.

Who looks after the older generation? There are about 10 million old-age pensioners in Britain, of whom about 750,000 cannot live entirely independently. The government gives financial help in the form of a pension but in the future it will be more and more difficult for the nation economy to support the increasing number of elderly. At the present time, more than half of all old people are looked after at home. Many others live in Old Peoples' Homes, which may be private or state owned.

Exercise 1

Translate the sentences into English:

1.Каждый третий брак заканчивается разводом.

2.Количество неполных семей значительно увеличилось за последнее

время.

3.Большинство разведенных людей снова женятся (выходят замуж).

4.Каждое поколение стремится стать независимым от своих родителей.

5.Сегодня у детей больше свободы в принятии собственных решений.

Exercise 2

Answer the questions:

1.Prove that the English are a nation of stay-at-home.

2.How do you understand the saying "The Englishman's home is his

castle"?

3.How has the family life in Britain changed?

4.What can you tell about the relationships within the family?

5.Who looks after the older generation?

Exercise 3

Compare family life in Britain and in Belarus.

FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

How could you describe the word "family"? First of all "family" means a close unit of parents and their children living together. But we shouldn't forget that it is a most complex system of relationships. Family relationships are rarely as easy as we would like, and very often we have to work hard at keeping them peaceful.

When do people usually start a family? This question doesn't have a definite answer. In the 18th, 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century people used to get married at the age of 18 or even 16. If a girl about 23 or more wasn't married, she was said to be an old maid or a spinster. That might have turned out a real tragedy for her family which usually brought up more than three children, because in some cases a successful marriage was the only chance to provide a good life for the daughter and to help her family. Despite the fact that the girl was so young, she was already able to keep the house, take care of her husband and raise children.

But life's changing as well as people's style of life. Nowadays we have got much more freedom in questions concerning family. It is natural to get married at

the age of 20 up to 30; however, some people prefer to make a career first and only after that start a family when they are already in their forties. Moreover, there are many cases when people prefer to live together without being married. There are some reasons for this phenomenon. Firstly, it is difficult to juggle a family life with studies at school or university. But without good education it is practically impossible to find a suitable well-paid steady job. It's a must to get a higher education, but by this moment you are already 22—24 years old. After that you seek for a well-paid job to live independently, which takes about 3—5 years. Now you see why people in the 21st century do not hurry to get married.

There is also another difference between old and modern families. Nowadays it is very unusual to find three generations living under one roof as they used to do in the past. Relatives, as a rule, live separately and don't often meet one another. This fact sharply hurts an older generation. Our parents and grandparents usually suffer from lack of attention and respect from their children and grandchildren, although they try not to show it. They really don't need much, just a telephone call or a visit once a week will make them happy.

There are two basic types of families. A nuclear family — a typical family consisting of parents and children. A single-parent family consists of one parent and children. Nowadays there are very few people who have never divorced. Today the highest divorce rate in the world has the Maldive Republic. The United States of America take the third place. Russia is at the ninth place. What are the reasons of great numbers of divorce? Let us name some of the most common and serious ones.

•Occurrence of adultery once or throughout the marriage. The unfaithful attitude towards a spouse destroys the relationship and leads to a final separation.

•Communication breakdown. After some time of living under one roof spouses find out that they are absolutely incompatible. Constant clashes, brawls and squabbles cause serious problems. The differences grow as a snowball and can't be already settled by kisses or hugs.

•Physical, psychological or emotional abuses. When a person taunts, humiliates, hits the children or his spouse, it can't but end with a divorce.

•Financial problems. It sounds lamentably, but sometimes love alone can't guarantee well-being, whereas money can solve many of your problems. So when a couple lacks it, their relations become more and more complicated, their priorities change and the relationships end.

•Boredom. A lot of couples get bored of each other after 7 or more years of marriage. Boredom may become the reason of constant quarrels and adultery which inevitably leads to a divorce.

However, it goes without saying, in most cases married couples succeed in solving all the problems and keep living in peace and happiness.

Exercise 1

Answer the questions:

1.How many members are there in your family?

2.At what age did your parents get married?