Miller Modern Principles of Business Law 2012

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TABLE OF CASES

For your convenience and reference, here is a list of all the cases mentioned in this text, including those within the footnotes, features, and case problems. Any case that was an excerpted case for a chapter is given special emphasis by having its title boldfaced.

A

Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc., 186

Access Organics, Inc. v. Hernandez, 234–235

Accrued Financial Services, Inc. v. Prime Retail, Inc., 282 Adjani, United States v., 46

Alaska Bussell Electric Co. v. Vern Hickel Construction Co., 238

Alberty-Vélez v. Corporación de Puerto Rico para la Difusión Pública, 384

Alexander v. Lafayette Crime Stoppers, Inc., 214–216

Alexander v. Meduna, 263

Allan v. Nersesova, 287–288

Allred v. Capital Area Soccer League, Inc., 98 Almy v. Grisham, 107

Amazon.com, LLC v. New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, 437

American Library Association, United States v., 42 America Online, Inc. v. AT&T Corp., 114

A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 126 Anchor Glass Container Corp., In re, 333 Anderson v. Mergenhagen, 85

Angelos, United States v., 159

Angelo Todesca Corp., Commonwealth v., 438 Aqua Clear Technologies, Inc., In re, 450 Ardito v. City of Providence, 193

Arizona Tile, LLC v. Berger, 468 Arizona v. Johnson, 166

Armenian Assembly of America, Inc. v. Cafesjian, 447 Asch Webhosting, Inc. v. Adelphia Business Solutions

Investment, LLC, 320

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, 44 Ashley County, Arkansas v. Pfizer, Inc., 186

AT&T Mobility, LLC v. National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc, 303

Aul v. Golden Rule Insurance Co., 249 Autry v. Republic Productions, 298

Azur v. Chase Bank, USA, 395–396

B

Bad Frog Brewery, Inc. v. New York State Liquor Authority, 40–41

Bailey v. Turnbow, 264

Baker v. Osborne Development Corp., 78 Balboa Island Village Inn, Inc. v. Lemen, 53 Banks v. Elks Club Pride of Tennessee, 108 Bannister v. Bemis Co., Inc., 304

Barrand v. Whataburger, Inc., 212 Barrs v. Acree, 408

Basis Technology Corp. v. Amazon.com, Inc., 212–213

Baum v. Blue Moon Ventures, LLC, 171

Bazak International Corp. v. Tarrant Apparel Group, 337 Bear, Inc. v. Smith, 468

Bernhard-Thomas Building Systems, LLC v. Duncan, 87 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Co. v. Seaway Marine

Transport, 80

Beydoun, United States v., 115 Bilski, In re, 121

Bishop v. Housing Authority of South Bend, 254

Black Hills Investments, Inc. v. Albertson’s, Inc., 206–207 Blackmon v. Iverson, 234

Black v. United States, 148

Blackwell Publishing, Inc. v. Custom Copies, 136 Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State University v.

Smack Apparel Co., 114 Booker, United States v., 159 Boschetto v. Hansing, 62 Boyle v. Christensen, 94

Braude & Margulies, P.C. v. Fireman’s Fund Insurance Co., 233

Bridgeport Music, Inc. v. Dimension Films, 125 Briefing.com v. Jones, 134

BRJM, LLC v. Output Systems, Inc., 279 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 11

Brown v. W. P. Media, Inc., 445

B-Sharp Musical Productions, Inc. v. Haber, 311–312

BUC International Corp. v. International Yacht Council, Ltd., 123

Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc. v. Cardegna, 72 Bucklin v. Morelli, 322

Buell-Wilson v. Ford Motor Co., 80 Burck v. Mars, Inc., 86

Busch v. Viacom International, Inc., 82 Bush v. U.S. Department of Justice, 64

C

Café Erotica v. Florida Department of Transportation, 40 Café Erotica/We Dare to Bare v. Florida Department of

Transportation, 40

Camp v. TNT Logistics Corp., 107

Canfield v. Health Communications, Inc., 117 Cape-France Enterprises v. Estate of Peed, 299 Carlson v. Monaco Coach Corp., 353 Carman, In re, 343

Castillo v. Barrera, 254

Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Lockyer, 52

Chan v. Chen, 408 Chavers v. Epsco, Inc., 415

Christopher v. SmithKlein [SmithKline] Beecham Corp, 347

Citizens Communications Co. v. Trustmark Insurance, 203

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 40 CleanFlicks of Colorado, LLC v. Soderbergh, 187

TC–1

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TC–2 Table of Cases

Coady v. Cross County Bank, 249

Coca-Cola Co. v. Babyback’s International, Inc., 268

The Coca-Cola Co. v. The Koke Co. of America, 111–112

Cohen v. Seinfeld, 323

Coleman v. Retina Consultants, P.C., 255 Columbia Pictures Industries v. Bunnell, 129

Comedy Club, Inc. v. Improv West Associates, 247–248

Commerce Bancorp, Inc. v. BK International Insurance Brokers, Ltd., 238

Commonwealth v. __________. See name of party Consolidated Edison Co. v. Public Service

Commission, 40

Cousins v. Realty Ventures, Inc., 389

Covenant Health & Rehabilitation of Picayune, LP v. Lumpkin, 78

Crummey v. Morgan, 62 Curley v. Kaiser, 422

D

Davis v. O’Melveny & Myers, LLC, 74

Department of Housing and Urban Development v. Rucker, 141

DeRosier v. Utility Systems of America, 379 Diamond v. Diehr, 121

Dickerson v. United States, 157 District of Columbia v. Heller, 38 Dodson v. Shrader, 241

Doe II v. MySpace, Inc., 105 Doe v. Chao, 52

Drake v. Hance, 314–315

E

East Brunswick Sewerage Authority v. East Mill Associates, Inc., 206

East Capitol View Community Development Corp., Inc. v. Robinson, 301

eBay, Inc. v. MercExchange, LLC, 122

1861 Group, LLC v. Wild Oats Markets, Inc., 239–240

Eldred v. Ashcroft, 123

Englert v. Nutritional Sciences, LLC, 194

Episcopal Church Cases, In re, 42–43

ESPN, Inc. v. Quiksilver, Inc., 114

Esprit Log and Timber Frame Homes, Inc. v. Wilcox, 278 Estate of ___________. See name of party

Eubanks v. Northwest Herald Newspapers, 108

F

Family Winemakers of California v. Jenkins, 35–37

Fariba v. Dealer Services Corp., 349 Feldman v. Google, Inc., 222

1545 Ocean Avenue, LLC, In re, 434

First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 40 Fitl v. Strek, 369

Flint Hills Resources LP v. Jag Energy, Inc., 379 Florine On Call, Ltd. v. Fluorogas Limited, 212

Fog Cutter Capital Group, Inc. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 178–179

Fogel v. Enterprise Leasing Co. of Chicago, 262

Forest Diamonds, Inc. v. Aminov Diamonds, LLC, 347 Fox & Lamberth Enterprises, Inc. v. Craftsmen Home

Improvement, Inc., 353

Frank Coluccio Construction Co., Inc. v. King County, 304 Frosty Treats, Inc. v. Sony Computer Entertainment

America, Inc., 114

G

Gaming Venture, Inc. v. Tastee Restaurant Corp., 245 Ganno v. Lanoga Corp., 346

Gantler v. Stephens, 467

Garden City Boxing Club, Inc. v. Dominguez, 411 Gaskill v. Robbins, 433

Gatton v. T-Mobile USA, Inc., 249 Gavegnano v. TLT Construction Corp., 268

George S. May International Co. v. Xcentric Ventures, LLC, 77

George v. Commonwealth of Virginia, 143 Gibbons v. Ogden, 34

Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 74 Gleeson v. Preferred Sourcing, LLC, 129 Golight, Inc. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 134 Gonsalves v. Montgomery, 343

Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao Do Vegetal, 45

Gonzales v. Raich, 35

Great White Bear, LLC v. Mervyns, 337 Griffith v. Clear Lakes Trout Co., 353 Griswold v. Connecticut, 48

Gubbins v. Hurson, 102 Gunasekera v. Irwin, 52

Guth v. Loft, Inc., 454–455

Gutkowski v. Steinbrenner, 207

H

Hadley v. Baxendale, 309

Hagen v. Distributed Solutions, Inc., 462 Hall, United States v., 52

Hamer v. Sidway, 232 Hammer v. Thompson, 331 Hartwell, United States v., 46

Hasbro, Inc. v. Internet Entertainment Group, Ltd., 117 Hausman, In re, 444

Havensure, LLC v. Prudential Insurance Co. of America, 186

Hawkins v. McGee, 210

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, 34 Helmer v. Bingham Toyota Isuzu, 263 Henry v. Blankenship, 278

Herring v. United States, 154–155

Hialeah Automotive, LLC v. Basulto, 254 Hochster v. De La Tour, 295

Hooten v. Jensen, 264

Horphag Research, Ltd. v. Garcia, 135

Houseman v. Dare, 365–366

Howard, United States v., 186 Hubbert v. Dell Corp., 230

Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell, 82

I

Inkel v. Pride Chevrolet-Pontiac, Inc., 258–259

In re __________. See name of party

International Shoe Co. v. State of Washington, 57 Internet Archive v. Shell, 229

Italian Designer Import Outlet, Inc. v. New York Central Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 349

Ivanchak, In re Estate of, 412 Izquierdo v. Gyroscope, Inc., 95

J

Jabri v. Qaddura, 67

Jacob & Youngs v. Kent, 292

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Jannusch v. Naffziger, 329–330

Jauregui v. Bobb’s Piano Sales & Service, Inc., 368

Jaynes v. Commonwealth of Virginia, 160

Jensen v. International Business Machines Corp., 207

Jesmer v. Retail Magic, Inc., 223

Ji-Haw Industrial Co. v. Broquet, 57

J&J Celcom v. AT&T Wireless Services, Inc., 433

Joel v. Morison, 401

Jones v. Brandt, 409

Jones v. Hamilton, 135

Jones v. Star Credit Corp., 339–341

K

Kim v. Park, 294

Kinkel v. Cingular Wireless, LLC, 249

Kirby v. Sega of America, Inc., 86

Klimecek, United States v., 165

Koch Materials Co. v. Shore Slurry Seal, Inc., 359

Kowalchuk v. Stroup, 230

Krasner v. HSH Nordbank AG, 171–173

KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., 119–121

Kuhn v. Tumminelli, 429

L

Landers v. Sgouros, 264

Laurel Creek Health Care Center v. Bishop, 386–387

Lawrence v. Fox, 286

Leadsinger, Inc. v. BMG Music Publishing, 124 Lee v. Miner, 33

Liebeck v. McDonald’s Restaurants, 94

Lindquist Ford, Inc. v. Middleton Motors, Inc., 322 Linear Technology Corp. v. Micrel, Inc., 192 Loughridge v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., 328 Lowden v. T-Mobile USA, Inc., 77

Lucier v. Williams, 320

Lucy v. Zehmer, 209–210

Lumley v. Gye, 87 Lutfi v. Spears, 85

Lyons, United States v., 146

M

Maple Farms, Inc. v. City School District of Elmira, 358 Marbury v. Madison, 56

Marcum v. Bowden, 108

Maverick Recording Co. v. Harper, 126–128

MBH, Inc. v. John Otte Oil & Propane, Inc., 212 McBride v. Taxman Corp., 398

McConkey v. AON Corp., 263 McFarland, United States v., 165

McFarland v. Virginia Retirement Services of Chesterfield, LLC, 424

McIver v. Bondy’s Ford, Inc., 263 McNally v. United States, 147

Meinhard v. Salmon, 417–418

Merry Homes, Inc. v. Chi Hung Luu, 299–300

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 128

Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp., 122

Mike Building & Contracting, Inc. v. Just Homes, LLC, 304

Millennium Club, Inc. v. Avila, 253 Miller v. California, 41–42

Miller v. Miller, 207

Mineral Park Land Co. v. Howard, 299

Miranda v. Arizona, 155–157

Table of Cases TC–3

M.J. Paquet, Inc. v. New Jersey Department of Transportation, 298

MM Companies, Inc. v. Liquid Audio, Inc., 451 Moran v. Willensky, 434

Moreno v. Poverty Point Produce, Inc., 77 Moren v. Jax Restaurant, 420 Morningstar v. Hallett, 376

Morrison, United States v., 34

Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc., 112 Motorsport Marketing, Inc. v. Wiedmaier, Inc., 387

Music City RV, LLC, In re, 347–348

N

Nagrampa v. MailCoups, Inc., 74

NCR Corp. v. Korala Associates, Ltd., 73–74

Necanicum Investment Co. v. Employment Department, 467

Nelson v. United States, 159

New Century Financial Services, Inc. v. Dennegar, 407 New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 84

Nomo Agroindustrial Sa De CV v. Enza Zaden North America, Inc., 371, 378

O

Oakley Fertilizer, Inc. v. Continental Insurance Co., 353 Olmstead v. United States, 48

Omole, United States v., 166 Ora, Commonwealth v., 39

Oregon v. Legal Services Corp., 64–65

ORX Resources, Inc. v. MBW Exploration, LLC, 426–428

Overstock.com, Inc. v. New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, 437

P

Palmer v. Diaz, 87

Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co., 96–97

Pappas v. Criss, 408 Payne v. Hurwitz, 299

People v. ________. See name of opposing party Perkins v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 82

Perry Ellis International, Inc. v. URI Corporation, 118 Peterson v. Ek, 322

Pfenning v. Lineman, 98–100, 109 Pinard v. Dandy Lions, LLC, 30

Planned Pethood Plus, Inc. v. KeyCorp, Inc., 322 Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Welles, 117

Plessy v. Ferguson, 11

PMR Energy Systems, Inc. v. Primenergy, 78 Portnoy v. Cryo-Cell International, Inc., 460 Price v. Purdue Pharma Co., 185

Printz v. United States, 34

Progressive County Mutual Insurance Co. v. Trevino, 291

Q

Q.C. Onics Ventures, LP v. Johnson Controls, Inc., 352 Quality Pork International v. Rupari Food Services,

Inc., 338

Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, 437

R

Raffles v. Wichelhaus, 257 Rawson v. UMLIC VP, LLC, 257

RDP Royal Palm Hotel, L.P. v. Clark Construction Group, Inc., 322

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TC–4 Table of Cases

Regina v. Dudley and Stephens, 30–31 Reigelsperger v. Siller, 229

R. F. Cunningham & Co. v. Driscoll, 330 Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc., 37

Romero v. Scoggin-Dickey Chevrolet-Buick, Inc., 360–361

Rothing v. Kallestad, 379

RSN Properties, Inc. v. Engineering Consulting Services, Ltd., 320

S

Salim v. Solaiman, 267

Salt Lake Tribune Publishing Co. v. AT&T Corp., 440 Sandoval, State v., 151

Sarvis v. Vermont State Colleges, 262

Scheerer v. Fisher, 198–199

Schreib v. The Walt Disney Co., 378

Schultz v. General Electric Healthcare Financial Services, 448–449

Scotwood Industries, Inc. v. Frank Miller & Sons, Inc., 379 Seaver v. Ransom, 288

Selheimer & Co., In re, 400 Selleck v. Cuenca, 261 Sharabianlou v. Karp, 254 Sharapka, United States v., 165 Shar’s Cars, LLC v. Elder, 419

SHL Imaging, Inc. v. Artisan House, Inc., 385 Shoop v. DaimlerChrysler Corp, 371

Siemens Credit Corp. v. American Transit Insurance Co., 332

Simpson v. MSA of Myrtle Beach, Inc., 250 Singer v. Raemisch, 26–28

Sisuphan, People v., 144–145

Six Flags, Inc. v. Steadfast Insurance Co., 212

Skilling v. United States, 148, 169–170

Slayton and Remmert, State v., 141

Southern Prestige Industries, Inc. v. Independence Plating Corp., 58–59

Specht v. Netscape Communications Corp., 223 Speedway SuperAmerica, LLC v. Erwin, 250 Stainbrook v. Low, 314

Starbucks Corp. v. Lundberg, 112

State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell, 80

State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc., 121

State v. __________. See name of opposing party Stickney v. Tullis-Vermillion, 266

Stone v. Jetmar Properties, LLC, 444

Stultz v. Safety and Compliance Management, Inc., 246 Summerall Electric Co. v. Church of God at Southaven,

408

Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper, 33

T

Taser International, Inc. v. Ward, 389–391

Taubman Co. v. Webfeats, 51 Taylor v. Baseball Club of Seattle, 98 Texas v. Johnson, 39

Thibodeau v. Comcast Corp., 248 Thompson v. Lynch, 434

T-N-T Motorsports, Inc. v. Hennessey Motorsports, Inc, 130

Tractebel Energy Marketing, Inc. v. AEP Power Marketing, Inc., 212

Trell v. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 211

Triple E, Inc. v. Hendrix & Dail, Inc., 371 Trollinger v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 150

Trustees of University of District of Columbia v. Vossoughi, 91–92

Tzolis v. Wolff, 433

U

Uhrhahn Construction & Design, Inc. v. Hopkins, 195 United States v. __________. See name of opposing party

U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Tennessee Farmers Mutual Insurance Company, 203–205

V

Vanegas v. American Energy Services, 236 Van Horn v. Watson, 103

Van Zanen v. Qwest Wireless, LLC, 200 Venturini v. Steve’s Steakhouse, Inc., 467 Verigy US, Inc. v. Mayder, 129

Vincenty v. Bloomberg, 52

Vizcaino v. U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington, 384

Vokes v. Arthur Murray, Inc., 260

W

Wagner v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc., 201– 203, 207

Walsh, State v., 165 Ware v. Ware, 264 Warnick v. Warnick, 421 Warren v. Merrill, 407

Watkins v. Schexnider, 274–275

Webster v. Blue Ship Tea Room, Inc., 372–373

Weidner v. Carroll, 124 Weimar v. Lyons, 468

Western Surety Co. v. APAC-Southeast, Inc, 304 White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc., 85 Wickard v. Filburn, 34

Wilchcombe v. TeeVee Toons, Inc., 135 Wilkinson, United States v., 166 Williams, United States v., 44 Williams v. Kaufman, 278

Williams v. Mohawk Industries, Inc., 150

Winthrop Resources Corp. v. Eaton Hydraulics, Inc., 312 Wisconsin Auto Title Loans, Inc. v. Jones, 249

Wisconsin Electric Power Co. v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 293–294

Wood Care Centers, Inc. v. Evangel Temple Assembly of God of Wichita Falls, 279

Wright v. Moore, 103

Y

Yahoo!, Inc. v. La Ligue Contre le Racisme et l’Antisemitisme, 62

Yocca v. Pittsburgh Steelers Sports, Inc., 273

Z

Z4 Technologies, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., 122

02 Development, LLC v. 607 South Park, LLC, 424–425

Zippo Manufacturing Co. v. Zippo Dot Com, Inc., 62

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INDEX

A

Abuse of process, 87 Acceptance(s)

in contracts

any reasonable means, 220 authorized means of, 220 communication of, 219–220 defined, 218

express authorization, 220 mailbox rule, 220

mode and timeliness of,

220–221 silence as, 219 unequivocal, 218

e-contracts, 222–223 browse-wrap terms, 223 click-on agreements, 222 shrink-wrap agreements,

222–223

revocation of delivered goods, 367–368

in sales/lease contracts additional terms, 335–336 communication of, 335 obligation of buyer or lessee,

361

shipment of nonconforming goods, 335

Accommodation, in shipment of nonconforming goods, 335

Accord

contract discharge by, 296 defined, 237

satisfaction and, settlement of claim by, 237

Accounting

agent’s duty to, 391

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 183 of partnership assets or profits,

416 Actionable, 82 Actual malice, 84

Actus reus, 140 Adhesion contract, 248 Administrative agencies

defined, 5 federal, 7

state and local, 7 Administrative law

defined, 5 finding, 17–18

as primary source of law, 4, 5, 7, 8 Admissions, as exception to Statute

of Frauds, 271, 337 Advertisement

as commercial speech, 40–41 contractual offers versus, 211

Age

of majority, 241

undue influence and, 264 Agency relationships, 382–404

compared to employment law, 383

contract liability, 397–399 defined, 382

duties in, 388–392 employer-employee relationship,

383–385 employer-independent

contractor, 383–385 exclusive agency, 392 fiduciary and, 382 formation of, 385–387

by agreement, 385 by estoppel, 387

by operation of law, 387 by ratification, 387

partnerships and, 411–412, 416 scope of authority in, 393–397 termination of, 402–404

tort and criminal liability, 399–402

Agent authority of

apparent, 395

emergency powers, 396–397 equal dignity rule, 393 express, 393

implied, 393–395 power of attorney, 393 ratification, 397

corporate director and, 450 of corporation, 443 coupled with interest, 403 crimes of, 402

defined, 382

determining employee status, 383–385

duties of accounting, 391 loyalty, 389 notification, 389 obedience, 391

performance, 388–389 e-agents, 398–399 gratuitous, 388

liability for contracts authorized acts, 397–398 e-agents, 398–399 unauthorized acts, 398

misrepresentation, 399–400 negligence of, 400–402 principal’s duties to, 391–392 rights and remedies against

principal, 392 termination of agency, 402–404 tort liability, 399–402

Agreement(s)

agency formation by, 385 to agree, 211–213 click-on agreements, 222 click-wrap agreement, 222 contract discharge by, 295 contractual, 192

defined, 208 e-contract, 221–225

exception to perfect tender rule by, 357

operating, 428–429 partnering, 224–225

partnership formation by, 413–414

settlement, 296 shareholder, 440

shrink-wrap agreements, 222–223 in traditional contract, 208–221

Alienation, 283

Alien corporations, 438 Alleges, 12

Alter-ego theory, 426, 449–450 Alternative dispute resolution

(ADR), 69–75 advantage of, 69 arbitration, 71–74 mediation, 70–71 negotiation, 70

online dispute resolution, 75 other types of, 74–75 providers of, 75

American Arbitration Association (AAA), 75

American International Group (AIG), 174–175

American Law Institute, 14 Analogy, reasoning by, 13 Antiassignment clause, 283 Anticipatory repudiation, 294–295,

361

Anticompetitive agreements, 246 Anticybersquatting Consumer

Protection Act (ACPA), 116–117 Antidelegation clause, 285 Apparent authority, 395 Appellant, 24

Appellate courts defined, 18 federal, 68–69

questions of law and, 67 state, 67

Appellee, 24

Appropriation defined, 85

degree of likeness, 85–86 right of publicity as property

right, 86

Arbitrary trademark, 113–114 Arbitration, 71–74

defined, 71

issue of arbitrability, 72–73 mandatory arbitration in

employment context, 74 nonbinding, 72–73

process of, 72 Arbitration clause, 72 Aristotle, 15

Arrest, 157, 158 Arson, 142

Articles of Confederation, 32 Articles of incorporation, 442–443 Articles of organization, LLC and,

424

Articles of partnership, 413 Artisan’s lien, 90

Assault defined, 81

I–1

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I–2	Index
	notice of, 283	Botnets, 161–162	Buyout price, 421
Assets, distribution of partnership’s,		Breach	Buy-sell agreement, 423
	422–423	defined, 3	Bylaws, 442, 443–444
Assignee, 281		of general contract	C
Assignments		damages, 307–312
	of “all rights,” 285	equitable remedies, 312–316	Cancellation, of contract
	antiassignment clause, 283	material, 291, 294	right of buyer or lessee, 365
	defined, 280	waiver of, 318–319	right of seller or lessor to, 363
	effect of, 281	of sales/lease contract	Capacity, contractual. See
	form of, 282	exclusive remedies, 369	Contractual capacity
	rights not subject to, 282–283	lemon laws, 369	Care, duty of, 89
	terminology for, 281	remedies for buyer or lessee,	business invitees, 94
Assignor, 281		365–369	corporate directors and officers,
Assumption of risk, 98–100		remedies for seller or lessor,	453
	express or implied, 98	361–365	defined, 93
	when not applied, 100	risk of loss, 349	landowners, 94–95
Assurance, right of, 359		Bribery, 146	negligence and, 92–95
Attorney-in-fact, 393n		by foreign companies, 183	no duty to rescue, 95
Attractive nuisance doctrine,		of foreign officials, 183	partners and, 416, 421
	trespass to land, 89	Browse-wrap terms, 223	of professionals, 95
Auctions, with and without reserve,		Burden of proof, 138	reasonable, 89, 92
	211	Burglary, 142	reasonable person standard, 94
Authority		Business	trespass to land and, 89
	of agent, 393–397	legal environment and, 2–3	Case
	apparent, 395	sale of, and covenant not to	briefing, 25
	binding, 11	compete, 246	sample, 24–28
	certificate of, 438	search and seizure in, 46	Case citations, 19
	express, 393	wrongful interference with, 87–89	Case law
	implied, 393–395	Business decision making	defined, 7
	of partners, 418–419	ethics and, 4	finding, 18–19
	persuasive, 11	laws affecting, 4	as primary source of law, 7, 8
Award, in arbitration, 72		Business ethics. See also Ethics	Cases
B		code of conduct for, 173–174	of first impression, 11
		corporate social responsibility,	on point, 12
Bailee, 345		177–180, 181	terminology of, 22–24
	goods held by, 346	corporate stock buybacks, 174–175	titles of, 22–24
Bailment, 345		defined, 167–168	Categorical imperative, 176
Bankruptcy		ethical decision making, 180	Causation
	agency termination and, 404	ethical leadership, 170–173	defined, 93, 95
	discharge in, 297	ethical reasoning, 175–180	in fact, 95–96
	fraud in, 146–148	executive bonuses, 175	foreseeability, 96–97
	jurisdiction of courts, 60	on global level, 182–183	proximate cause, 96
Bankruptcy Reporter, 19		gray areas, 168	Cause
Bargained-for exchange, 232		importance of, 168	legal, 96
Battery, 81		moral minimum, 168	proximate, 96
Beneficiaries		questions regarding, solutions to,	superseding, 100
	creditor beneficiary, 287	180, 182	Certificate of authority, 438
	donee beneficiary, 288	short-run profit maximization,	Certificate of incorporation, 443
	incidental, 289	168–169	Certification mark, 114–115
	intended, 285–289	transgressions by financial	C.&F. (cost and freight), 345
	third party, 285–289	institutions, 174–175	Chancellor, 9
	types of, 287–288	Business invitees, duty of care and,	Charging order, 416
	vested rights of intended	94	Chattels, trespass to, 90
	beneficiary, 288–289	Business judgment rule, 453–454	Checks and balances, 33–34
Bentham, Jeremy, 176–177		Business process, patents for, 122	Children. See Minors
Berne Convention, 130		Business Process Pragmatism, 180,	Children’s Internet Protection Act
Beyond a reasonable doubt, 138		182	(CIPA), 42
Bilateral contracts, 193		Business torts	Choice-of-law clause, 222
Bilateral mistake, 257		defense for, 89	C.I.F. (cost, insurance and freight),
Bill of lading, 344		defined, 87	345
Bill of Rights		wrongful interference with	Citations
	defined, 38	business relationship,	case, 19
	establishment clause, 42–43	87–89	defined, 17
	freedom of religion, 42–45	wrongful interference with	how to read, 21–24
	freedom of speech, 38–42	contractual relationship, 87	parallel, 19
	free exercise clause, 45	Buyer	Civil law
	limits on federal and state	insurable interest of, 349–350	burden of proof, 138
	governmental action, 38	obligations of	criminal law versus, 137–139
	overview of, 39	acceptance, 359	defined, 17, 137
	searches and seizures, 45–46	payment, 359	preponderance of evidence, 138
	self-incrimination, 46	right of inspection, 359	Civil Rights Act, 250n
Binding authority, 11		refusal to inspect, 376	Claims, settlement of, 236–237
Board of directors. See Directors,		remedies of, 365–369	Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA), 81
	corporate	rights of, 365–369	Clayton Act, 246n
Bonuses, executive, 175		risk of loss with breached	Click-on agreements, 222
Borrowed servants, 401–402		contract, 349	Click-on license, 222

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		Index	I–3
Click-wrap agreement, 222	implied, 291	Constitutional law, 4
Close corporation, 439–440	Condition subsequent, 290	commerce clause, 34–38
Closely held corporations	Conduct, misrepresentation of,	defined, 4
defined, 439	260–261	due process clause, 46–47
management of, 439	Confederal form of government, 32	equal protection clause, 47–48
misappropriation of funds in, 440	Confession of judgment, 415	freedom of religion, 42–45
oppressive conduct, 463	Conflict of interest, corporate	freedom of speech, 38–42
pierce the corporate veil and, 447	directors and officers, 456	limits on federal and state
transfer of shares in, 439–440	Conforming goods, 356	governmental actions, 38
Cloud computing, 126	Congress	powers of government and,
Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.),	checks and balances, 33–34	32–38
18	preemption, 37	privacy rights, 48–50
Collateral promises, Statute of	tax and spending powers of,	searches and seizure, 45–46
Frauds, 269–270	37–38	self-incrimination, 46
Collective mark, 114–115	Consent, voluntary, adequacy of	Construction contracts, 307–308
Commerce clause, 34–37	consideration and, 232–233	compensatory damages, 307–308
defined, 34	Consequential damages, 308, 367	economy of waste and, 308
dormant, 35	Consideration	liquidated damages, 310
expansion of national powers	in general contract(s)	Consumer lease, 331
under, 34	adequacy of, 232–233	Contests, as unilateral contract,
medical marijuana laws and,	courts and, 232	193–194
34–35	voluntary consent and,	Contract(s)
Commercial impracticability, 299–	232–233	acceptance in
300, 358	bargained-for exchange, 232	authorized means of, 220
Commercial reasonableness, UCC	defined, 192, 231	communication of, 219–220
and, 333	lack of, 233–236	defined, 192, 218
Commercial speech, 40	illusory promise, 235–236	mode and timeliness of,
Common law, 7–15	past consideration, 233–235	220–221
defined, 8	preexisting duty, 233	silence as, 219
early English courts and, 8–10	rescission and, 233	substitute method of, 220–221
legal and equitable remedies	unforeseen difficulties, 233	unequivocal, 218
today, 10, 14	legal value, 231–232	adhesion, 248
stare decisis and, 10–13, 14	settlement of claims, 236–237	agents and liability for, 397–399
today, 13–15	accord and satisfaction, 237	agreement in, 208–227
Common stock, 442	covenant not to sue, 237	defined, 192
Communication	release, 237	alteration of, 296–297
of acceptance	good faith, 336	assignments, 280–283
in general contract, 219–220	in sales and lease contracts, 336	bilateral, 193
in sales/lease contracts, 335	Consignee, 347	breach of
in contract offer, 214–216	Consignments, 347–349	anticipatory repudiation,
Communications Decency Act	creditors’ claims to, 349	294–295
(CDA), 104	title and, 348–349	defined, 3
Company	Consignor, 347	material, 291, 294
holding, 436, 438	Constitution, United States. See	cancellation of, 363, 365
parent, 436	also Bill of Rights; individual	to commit a crime, 244
Comparative negligence, 100–102	amendments	conflict with UCC and, 327
Compelling state interests, 48	commerce clause, 34–38	consideration in
Compensation	cruel and unusual punishment,	adequacy of, 232–233
of corporate directors, 451	153	bargained-for exchange, 232
principal’s duty to, 392	double jeopardy prohibited by,	defined, 192, 231
Compensatory damages	153	lack of, 233–236
construction contracts, 307–308	due process, 47	legal value, 231–232
defined, 80, 307	equal protection, 47–48	settlement of claims, 236–237
measuring, 307	establishment clause, 42–43	contests and prizes, 193–194
sale of goods, 307	excessive bail, 153	contractual capacity in, 192,
sale of land, 307	federal court jurisdiction, 60	240–244
Competition, predatory behavior	federal form of government,	contrary to public policy,
versus, 88	32–33	246–250
Complete performance, 291	full faith and credit clause, 33	contrary to statute, 244–245
Computer crime, 159. See also Cyber	intellectual property protected	defined, 191
crime	by, 110	delegations, 283–285
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act	privacy rights, 48–50	destination contract, 344, 345,
(CFAA), 163	privileges and immunities clause,	357
Computer Software Copyright Act,	33	disaffirmance, 241–242
124–125	protections guaranteed by, 153	discharge of, 290–301
Concurrent conditions, 290–291	relations among states, 33	discriminatory, 250
Concurrent jurisdiction, 61	separation of national	e-contracts, 221–227
Concurring opinion, 24	government’s powers,	elements of, 192
Conditional sales, 346–347	33–34	enforceability of, 196–197
Condition precedent, 273–274	speedy trial, 153	defenses to, 192, 256–276
Condition precedent--maybe put all	supremacy clause, 37	executed, 196, 242
under conditions, 290	as supreme law of land, 4, 8	executory, 196, 242
Conditions	taxing and spending powers,	express, 195
concurrent, 290–291	37–38	extrinsic evidence, 201–202
defined, 290	unreasonable search and seizure,	formal, 195
express, 291	153	formation of, 192–196

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I–4	Index
	form of, 192	Conversion, 90–92	registered office/agent of, 443
	function of, 191	Cooperation	respondeat superior, 438
	illegal, 244–251	duty of, 359	retained earnings of, 436
	implied, 195–196	principal’s duty to, 392	S corporations, 440
	incomplete, 273	Copyright, 122–129	self-incrimination, 46
	indivisible, 251	compilation of facts, 123	shareholders, 436, 456–463
	informal, 195	defined, 122	shares of, 442–443
	installment contract, 358	Digital Millennium Copyright	social responsibility and,
	integrated, 275–276	Act, 125	177–180, 181
	intent	DVDs and file-sharing, 128–129	stock buybacks, 174–175
	objective theory of contracts,	fair use exception, 124	taxation, 436–438, 440
	191–192	independent contractors and,	torts and criminal acts, 438
	of parties, and interpretation	384–385	ultra vires doctrine, 446–447
	of, 203	infringement, 123–124	Cost-benefit analysis, 177
	interpretation of, 200–204	international protection, 130–133	Counterfeit Access Device and
	law governing, 190–191, 326–327	MP3 and file-sharing technology,	Computer Fraud and Abuse Act,
	legality of, 192, 244–251	126–129	163
	objective theory of, 191–192, 208,	protected expression categories,	Counterfeit goods, 115
	210	123	Counteroffer, 217
	offer in	Section 102 exclusions, 123	Course of dealing, 203, 339
	communication, 214–216	for software, 124–125	Course of performance, 203, 273,
	counteroffer, 217	Copyright Act, 122, 123, 125, 384	339
	defined, 192	Corporate citizenship, 177	Court of appeals, 18
	definiteness of terms, 214	Corporate name, 442	Courts
	destruction of subject matter,	Corporate social responsibility,	bankruptcy, 60
	218	177–180, 181	early English, 8–10
	intention, 209–214	Corporations	of equity, 9
	irrevocable, 217, 218	alien, 438	federal court system, 67–69
	lapse of time, 217–218	alter-ego theory, 449–450	king’s (curiae regis), 8
	mirror image rule, 217	board of directors, 436, 450–456	of law, 8
	rejection of, 217	business judgment rule, 453–454	probate, 60
	requirements of, 208–216	bylaws of, 442, 443–444	role of, 54–56
	revocation of, 194–195,	certificate of authority, 438	small claims, 66–67
	216–217	classification of, 438–441	state court system, 65–67
	termination of, 216–218	closely held (close)(privately	Courts of appeals. See Appellate
	option-to-cancel clause, 236	held), 439–440	courts
	output, 333	compared to other major forms	Covenant not to compete, 234
	performance and, 196	of business organization,	in employment contracts, 246
	plain meaning rule, 200–202	464–465	enforcement problems, 248
	privity of, 280	corporate name, 442	reformation and, 315–316
	promissory estoppel, 238–240	criminal liability, 141	sale of ongoing business and, 246
	quasi, 198–200	de facto, 444	Covenant not to sue, 237
	ratification, 242	defined, 435	Cover, right to, 367
	requirements, 333	de jure, 444	Credit Card Accountability,
	rescission, 233, 257, 260	directors of, 450–456	Responsibility, and Disclosure
	in restraint of trade, 246–248	dividends of, 436	Act, 245n
	sales. See Sales contracts	domestic, 438	Credit-card theft, 161
	severable (divisible), 251	duration and purpose of, 443	Creditor beneficiary, 287
	shipment contract, 344–345,	by estoppel, 444	Crime(s)
	356–357	express powers, 446	of agents, 402
	simple, 195	foreign, 438	civil liability for criminal acts,
	standard-form, 249–250	formation of, 441–445	138
	third party beneficiaries, 285–289	holding companies and, 436, 438	classification of, 139
	types of, 192–197	implied powers of, 446	contract to commit, 244
	unconscionable, 248–250	incorporation procedures,	corporations and criminal
	unenforceable, defined, 197	441–443	liability, 438
	unilateral, 193–195	jurisdiction, 57–59	defined, 137
	valid	as legal person, 435	organized crime, 149–150
	defined, 196	limited liability of shareholders,	property crime, 142–143
	mental incompetence, 243–244	436	public order crime, 143
	requirements (elements) of, 192	management of, 443	violent, 141–142
	void, 197, 243, 273	nature of, 435–438	white-collar crime, 143–149
	voidable, 197, 243, 273	nonprofit, 439	Criminal law, 137–163
	voluntary consent, 192	officers of, 436, 450–456	beyond a reasonable doubt, 138
Contractual capacity		parent, 436	burden of proof, 138
	defined, 192, 240	personnel of, 436	civil law versus, 137–139
	intoxication, 242	pierce the corporate veil, 426,	civil liability for criminal acts,
	mental incompetence, 243–244	436, 447–449	138
	minors, 241–242	political speech by, 40	constitutional safeguards, 153
Contractual relationship, wrongful		powers of, 446–447	criminal procedures, 153–159
	interference with, 87	professional corporations (P.C.),	cyber crimes, 159–163
Contributory negligence, 100		440–441	defenses to criminal liability,
Controlled Substances Act (CSA), 35		profits of, 436	150–153
Controlling the Assault of Non-		promotional activities and, 441	defined, 17, 137
	Solicted Pornography and	public, 438–439	double jeopardy, 153
	Marketing (CAN-SPAM), 105	publicly held, 439	exclusionary rule, 154

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

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		Index	I–5
federal sentencing guidelines,	Death, agency termination and, 404	election of, 451, 456–457
158–159	Debt	informed decisions by, 453
Miranda rule, 155–157	liquidated, 237	inside, 451
steps in criminal case, 157–159	unliquidated, 237	liability of, 141, 456
types of crime, 141–150	Deceive, intent to, 261–262	meetings of, 451–452
Criminal liability	Decision making, ethical, 180	outside, 451
corporate, 141	Decisions, 24	quorum, 451–452
criminal act, 140	Deductive reasoning, 12–13	reasonable supervision by, 453
criminal negligence or	De facto, incorporation and, 444	removal of, 451
recklessness, 140	Defamation, 41	rights of, 452
defenses to, 150–153	actual malice, 84	roles of, 450
elements of, 139–140	damages for, 83–84	vacancies on the board, 451
state of mind, 140	defenses to, 84	Disaffirmance, 241–242
strict liability and	defined, 83	Discharge
overcriminalization,	identifying author of online	by accord and satisfaction, 296
140–141	defamation, 104	by agreement, 295
Criminal procedures, 153–159	libel, 83	alteration of contract, 296–297
Criminal process, 157–159	privileged speech, 84	anticipatory repudiation,
Criminal recklessness, 140	publication requirement, 83	294–295
Crops, sales contract for, 328	public figures, 84	in bankruptcy, 297
Cruel and unusual punishment, 153	slander, 83–84	commercial impracticability and,
Cumulative voting, 459	Defendant	299–300
Cure, 357	in case title, 22–24	defined, 280, 290
Cyber crime, 159–163. See also	defined, 9, 24	frustration of purpose, 301
Internet	Defenses	impossibility of performance,
credit-card crime on Internet, 161	for business torts, 89	297–299
cyber fraud, 160	for contract enforceability,	material breach of contract and,
cyberterrorism, 162	256–276	294
cyber theft, 160–161	for criminal liability, 150–153	by novation, 296
defined, 159	for defamation, 84	by operation of law, 296–301
employment fraud, 161	defined, 9	by performance, 290–294
hacking, 161–162	to enforceability of contract, 192	complete, 291
identity theft, 160–161	for negligence, 97–102	conditions of, 290–291
malware, 162	for trespass, 90	to satisfaction of another,
online auction fraud, 160	De jure, incorporation and, 444	292–293
online retail fraud, 160	Delegatee, 284	substantial, 292
phishing, 161	duties not subject to, 284–285	by rescission, 295–296
prosecution of, 162–163	Delegations	by settlement agreement, 296
vishing, 161	antidelegation clause, 285	statutes of limitations and, 297
Cyberlaw, 17	assignment of “all rights,” 285	Disclosed principal, 397–398
Cybernotary, 224	defined, 280	Discriminatory contracts, 250
Cyberspace. See Internet	effect of, 285	Disparagement of property, 92
Cybersquatting, 116	terminology of, 283–284	Dispute-settlement provisions for
Cyberterrorism, 162	Delegator, 284	e-contract, 222
Cyber torts, 104–105	Delivery	Dissenting opinion, 24
D	with movement of goods,	Dissociation
	344–345	defined, 420
Damages	passage of title and, 344	effects of, 421
compensatory, 80	place of, 356	events that cause, 420
construction contracts,	risk of loss, 344–346	in limited liability company,
307–308	sales/lease contract and open	430–431
measuring, 307	terms of, 333	wrongful, 420–421
sale of goods, 307	seller’s or lessor’s right to	Dissolution
sale of land, 307	withhold, 363	of limited liability company, 431
consequential, 308, 367	substitution of carriers, 357	of partnership, 422
defined, 8	tender of, 344, 346, 356	right of, 462
exemplary, 263, 309–310	terms for, 345	Distributed network, 126
fraudulent misrepresentation	without movement of goods, 344,	District courts, 68
and, 263	345–346	Diversity of citizenship, 60–61
general, 80	Delivery ex-ship, 345	Dividends
incidental, 307	Destination contract, 344, 345, 357	defined, 461
for libel, 83	Detrimental reliance, 217, 238	failure to declare, 461
limits on medical malpractice	Digital Millennium Copyright Act,	illegal, 461
awards, 101	125, 130	Divisible contract, 251
liquidated, 310–312	Digitized handwritten signatures,	Document of title, 344
mitigation of, 310	224	Domain names, 116
nominal, 310	Dilution, trademark and, 112, 117	Domestic corporations, 438
punitive, 80, 263, 309–310	Directors, corporate, 450–456	Domestic relations courts, 67
right to recover, 364, 367	business judgment rule, 453–454	Donation, promissory estoppel,
seller’s and lessor’s right to	committees of, 452	238
recover, 364	compensation of, 451	Donee beneficiary, 288
for slander, 83–84	disclosure of potential conflict of	Dormant commerce clause, 35
special, 80	interest, 456	Double jeopardy, 153
substantial performance and, 292	dissenting directors, 453	Double taxation, 428, 436, 440
types of, 306–310	due care standard, 453	Dram shop acts, 104
Danger invites rescue doctrine, 103	duties of, 436	Due care standard, 453

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

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I–6	Index
Due process		forum-selection clause, 222	Equitable maxims, 9–10
	constitutional guarantee of, 38	provisions to include, 221–222	Equitable remedies, 312–316
	procedural, 47	partnering agreement, 224–225	Equity
	punitive damages and, 80	requirements of, 221	courts of, 9
	substantive, 47	Uniform Electronic Transaction	procedural differences between
Dunn, Patricia C., 49		Act (UETA), 225–227	action at law and action
DuPont, 6–7		uses of, 221	in, 10
Durable power of attorney, 393n		Eighth Amendment, 39, 153	remedies in, 9, 306
Duress		Election of remedies, 318	E-SIGN Act, 224
	contract illegal through, 251	Electronic Signatures in Global and	UETA and, 225–226
	as criminal liability defense, 152	National Commerce Act (E-SIGN	E-signature
	defined, 152, 264	Act), 224, 225–226	attributing, 226
	economic, 265	E-mail, acceptance of offer via, 220	cybernotary, 224
	establishing, 264–265	Emancipation, 241	defined, 224, 225
Duty		Embezzlement, 143–145	digitized signature, 224
	of agent	Emergency powers, 396–397	E-SIGN Act, 224
	accounting, 391	Emotional distress, intentional	federal laws governing, 224
	loyalty, 389	infliction of, 82	partnering agreement, 224–225
	notification, 389	Employees	public-key infrastructure, 224
	obedience, 391	agency relationship and, 383–385	state laws governing, 224
	performance, 388–389	borrowed servants, 401–402	UETA and, 224, 225–226
	of care, 89	determining employee status,	Establishment clause, 42–43
	business invitees, 94	383–385	Estoppel
	corporate directors and officers,	ethic training for, 173	agency formation by, 387
	453	information disclosed by	corporations by, 444
	defined, 93	prospective employers, 263	partnerships by, 414–415
	landowners, 94–95	respondeat superior, and employers	Ethical reasoning, 175–180
	negligence and, 92–95	liability, 400–401	Ethics
	no duty to rescue, 95	social responsibility and	business decision making, 180
	partners and, 416, 421	recruiting, 179–180	caps on medical malpractice, 101
	of professionals, 95	Employers	categorical imperative, 176
	reasonable, 89, 92	agency relationship and, 383–385	child pornography on Internet,
	reasonable person standard, 94	borrowed servants, 401–402	44–45
	trespass to land and, 89	information disclosed by, 263	code of conduct for, 173–174
	of cooperation, 359	notice of dangerous conditions,	contests and prizes, 194
	of corporate directors and	401	corporate social responsibility,
	officers, 453–454	respondeat superior, and liability	177–180, 181
	delegation of, 280, 283–285	of, 400–401	corporate stock buybacks,
	to disclose, 261	Employment	174–175
	of partners, 416–418, 416–420	detour and frolic, 401	defined, 3, 167
	preexisting, 233	foreign suppliers’ practices,	duty-based, 176
	of principal	182–183	ethical leadership, 170–173
	compensation, 392	scope of, and respondeat superior,	executive bonuses, 175
	cooperation, 392	401	fair trade and environmental
	reimbursement and	wrongful termination, 403	sustainability, 334
	indemnification, 392	Employment contract, covenant not	fiduciary duties of LLC managers,
	safe working conditions, 392	to compete in, 246	430
Duty-based ethics, 176		Employment discrimination,	foreign suppliers and, 182–183
E		employee status and, 384	gray areas, 168
		Employment fraud, 161	information disclosed by
E-agents, 398–399		Employment law, compared to	prospective employers, 263
Early neutral case evaluation, 74		agency law, 383	Kantian ethics, 176
E-commerce		Enforceability, defenses to, 256–276	moral minimum, 168
	record, 225	duress, 264–265	outcome-based ethics, 176–177
	transaction, 225	fraudulent misrepresentation,	precedent expanded by Internet,
	Uniform Electronic Transaction	259–264	55–56
	Act (UETA), 225–227	mistakes, 256–259	principles of right, 176
Economic duress, 265		parol evidence rule, 272–276	religious ethical standards, 176
Economic Espionage Act, 129, 148		Statute of Frauds, 265–272	short-run profit maximization,
Economic waste, 308		undue influence, 264	168–169
E-contracts, 221–227, 224		Entrapment, 152–153	training for employees, 173
	acceptances	Entrepreneur, 410	utilitarianism, 176–177
	browse-wrap terms, 223	Enumerated powers, 32	European Patent Office, 118
	click-on agreements, 222	Environmental Protection Agency	Evidence
	shrink-wrap agreements,	(EPA), sustainability and, 6	exclusionary rule and, 154
	222–223	Environmental Protection and	extrinsic, 201–202
	agreement, 221–225	Bio-Diversity Conservation Act, 6	parole, 272, 338–339. See also
	defined, 221	Environmental sustainability. See	Parole evidence rule
	E-SIGN Act, 224	Sustainability	preponderance of, 138
	e-signature, 224	Environmental Sustainability	Exclusionary rule, 154
	international treaties affecting, 227	Index, 6	Exclusive jurisdiction, 61
	offers, 221–222	Equal dignity rule, 393	Exclusive remedies, 369
	choice-of-law clause, 222	Equal protection clause, 47–48	Exculpatory clause, 250, 319
	displaying offer, 221	intermediate scrutiny, 48	Executed contract, 196, 242
	dispute-settlement provisions,	rational basis test, 48	Executive agencies, 7
	222	strict scrutiny, 47–48	Executive bonuses, 175

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.