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<3> Ibid. P. 681.

, ,

,

nemo dat;

" (ostensible authority) <1>

.

.

,

nemo dat, . . 24, 25 (1) 1979 .

(

),

, . ,

:

.

--------------------------------

<1> . . 174 ,

nemo dat .

,

.

, .

:

; ,

.

;

,

. , "

" (possession is nine tenth of the law), ,

.

,

.

. ,

,

,

.

5.3.

XIX .

. caveat emptor

, , ,

, ,

.

, . caveat emptor ,

.

1893 . <1>.

(implied warranty of title)

<2>. ,

, ,

(property) <3> ( . 2 1979 .) <4> , ,

( . 12) <5>.

--------------------------------

<1> .: Benjamin's Sale of Goods. P. 155 sq.; Powell R. Eviction in Roman Law and English law // Studies in the Roman Law of Sale. Dedicated to the Memory of Francis de Zulueta / Ed. by D. Daube. Oxford, 1959. P. 87 - 89; Rowland v Divall [1923] 2 K.B. 500, 505.

<2> .: Lawson F.H. Op. cit. P. 365.

<3> Lawson F.H., Rudden B. (Op. cit. P. 57): "

" (ownership) the property in the goods ( )

title to goods "; ,

(ownership)

, " "

, , the owner of a legal mortgage (Ibid. P. 9092). property (Ibid. P. 20):

(bailee) " " (special property),

, , "

" (general property) (Ibid. P. 81).

<4> 2 (1): " - ,

, ".

<5> 12: "(1) ...

(implied term) ,

(sale) ,

(agreement to sell) ,

(when the property is to pass). (2)

... (implied term),

(a) ,

, (charge or encumbrance),

, (b) ,

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

,

,

".

12 (1) 1979 . ,

" " (right to sell) . ,

. ,

, ,

, " ",

<1>.

,

. " "

(power) .

nemo dat quod non habet,

. 12 (1) 1979 .

<2>.

--------------------------------

<1> Niblett v Confectioners' Materials Co [1921] 3 K.B. 387; .: Miles R. Op. cit. P. 207; Atiyah P.S., Adams J.N., Macqueen G. Op. cit. P. 104.

<2> .: Miles R. Op. cit. P. 206 - 207; Atiyah P.S., Adams J.N., Macqueen G. Op. cit. P. 104 - 105; . Benjamin's Sale of Goods. P. 169.

1979 .

. , . 12 (1)

(

), " " (condition), " " <1>;

, . 12 (1)

,

. , .

12 (2) , ,

" " " " (warranty) <2>.

,

,

<3>.

--------------------------------

<1> . 11 (3) 1979 .: "

(condition),

, (warranty),

,

,

;

(condition), (warranty)". <2> 12 (5A) 1979 .

<3> 11 1979 .; .: Rowland v Divall [1923] 2 K.B. 500, 505; Miles R. Op. cit. P. 208, 210; Atiyah P.S., Adams J.N., Macqueen G. Op. cit. P. 105, 110.

, (

) <1>.

, Rowland v Divall <2>,

. 12 (1)

, (action for money had and received). ,

,

, ( ,

). .

; ,

<3>.

(total failure of consideration) <4>.

, ,

( ) <5>.

--------------------------------

<1> 62 (2) 1979 . <2> [1923] 2 K.B. 500.

<3> .: Treitel G. The Law of Contract. P. 941 - 943, 1056 - 1057;

( ) .: Goff R., Jones G. Op. cit. P. 530 - 534; Birks P. Failure of consideration // Consensus Ad Idem. Essays in the Law of Contract / Ed. by F.D. Rose. London, 1996. P. 188, n. 30.

<4> Chandler v Webster [1904] Q.K.B. 943,

,

(void ab initio),

Fibrosa Spolka Akcyjna v Fairbairn Lawson Combe Barbour Ltd [1943] A.C. 32 ( .: Goff R., Jones G. Op. cit. P. 510 - 511).

<5> .: Treitel G. The Law of Contract. P. 1049; Goff R., Jones G. Op. cit.

P.500, 515 - 517.

Rowland v Divall

, .

, ,

(total failure of consideration)

,

. (Atkin) :

, ,

, .

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

, , .

, de facto ,

, , " <1>. <2>.

--------------------------------

<1> [1923] 2 K.B. 500, 506.

<2> Karflex, Limited v Poole [1933] 2 K.B. 251; Butterworth v Kingsway Motors; Hayton, Third Party; Kennedy, Forth Party; Rudolph, Fifth Party [1954] 1 W.L.R 1286; Warman v Southern Counties Car Finance Corporation Ld. W.J. Ameris Car Sales (Third Party) [1949] 2 K.B. 576 .

Rowland v Divall

-

.

,

. ;

Butterworth v Kingsway Motors <1>,

( ) ,

<2>. .

,

, ;

,

, ( ,

, )

<3>, <4>.

--------------------------------

<1> [1954] 1 W.L.R 1286.

<2> (P. 1291), "

" (lacking in merits).

<3> .: Atiyah P.S., Adams J.N., Macqueen G. Op. cit. P. 107.

<4> , , ,

(Op. cit. P. 107): Rowland v Divall (P. 505)

,

, ,

. ; ,

,

( . : Benjamin's Sale of Goods. P. 159). , ,

(consumption)

(accessio) ( .: Goff R., Jones G. Op. cit. P. 529).

,

( ,

), ,

. , ,

<1>. ,

, (

, ,

) <2>. ,

(Law Reform Committee),

,

, ? ,

. 12 (1) 1979 .

(law of conversion), ,

.

. 12 1979 .,

<3>.

--------------------------------

<1> .: Goff R., Jones G. Op. cit. P. 529; Treitel G. The Law of Contract. P. 1055.

<2> .: Goff R., Jones G. Op. cit. P. 529; Treitel G. The Law of Contract. P. 1056.

<3> .: Atiyah P.S., Adams J.N., Macqueen G. Op. cit. P. 108 - 109.

Rowland v Divall (

: " , ... (sale) ,

(right to sell).

- (property) " <1>) :

.

)

.

Rowland v Divall , ,

.

--------------------------------

<1> Rowland v Divall [1923] 2 K.B. 500, 506 - 507.

National Employers' Mutual General Insurance Association Ltd. v Jones <1> (Denys Buckley) :

, ,

,

(law), , .

,

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

" <2>.

<3>. (sale),

, <4>,

<5>.

--------------------------------

<1> [1990] 1 AC 24. <2> Ibid. P. 50.

<3> .: Goode R. Commercial Law. London, 2004. P. 200: " ,

, , ,

"; Benjamin's Sale of Goods. P. 167, 169 - 170.

<4> Benjamin's Sale of Goods. P. 167: " (agreement for the sale) res aliena, (actual sale), (not null and void)".

<5>

1979 . .: Battersby G., Preston A.D. Op. cit. P. 270 - 275; Goode R. Op. cit. P. 199 - 202.

,

.

.

5.4., ,

,

. 28

1979 . ,

" <1>.

, ,

,

. ,

. 39 (1) 1979 .

.

,

, . Bloxam v Sanders ,

, : "

], ,

, . ?

[ ],

, ,

, " <2>.

.

--------------------------------

<1> "

, .

". " " (concurrent conditions) , "

" ( .: Treitel G. Remedies for Breach of Contract. P. 277).

<2> (1825) 4 B. & C. 941, 948, . : Benjamin's Sale of Goods. P. 723.

, ,

(lien),

, , ( . 41

1979 .). ,

,

,

. 43 1979 .). ,

, . , ,

( . 44). . 48 (1)

. , ,

,

. 1979 .,

" " (warranty), " " (condition). ,

,

<1>.

,

<2>.

--------------------------------

<1> .: Benjamin's Sale of Goods. P. 752.

<2> .: Miles R. Op. cit. P. 289; Atiyah P.S., Adams J.N., Macqueen G. Op. cit. P. 465.

, ,

, ),

( ,

). , ,

, <1>.

,

, .

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

,

<2>.

--------------------------------

<1> .: Benjamin's Sale of Goods. P. 748 - 749, 757 - 758. <2> Ibid. P. 755 - 757.

, (lien),

,

,

. , ,

,

, ,

.

,

.

. ,

-

. ,

,

<1>.

; ,

. ,

,

.

(own) ,

" <2>.

--------------------------------

<1> .: Gray K., Gray S.F. Op. cit. P. 751; Halsbury's Laws. Vol. 42. Para 178; . : Lysaght v Edwards (1875 - 1876) 2 Ch. D. 499, 507.

<2> Gray K., Gray S.F. Op. cit. P. 750, K.L.D.E. Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Stamp Duties (Queensland) (1984) 155 CLR 288.

* * *

(retention reservation of title clause)

,

.

. . 17 19 1979 .

,

.

" " (right of disposal)

". ,

.

, 1970- . Aluminium Industrie v Romalpa Aluminium Ltd. <1>

.

25 <2>.

--------------------------------

<1> [1976] 1 W. L. R. 676.

<2> .: Davies I. United Kingdom // Retention of Title Clauses in Sale of Goods Contracts in Europe / Ed. by I. Davies. Aldershot, 1999. P. 101.

.

,

,

, (charge), <1>.

,

.

,

( ) <2>. (charges),

,

1985 .). "

" <3>. ,

(

)

Clough Mill Ltd v Martin <4>. ,

, ,

, , ,

,

<5>.

--------------------------------

<1> .: Atiyah P.S., Adams J.N., Macqueen G. Op. cit. P. 476. <2> .: Davies I. Op. cit. P. 102.

<3> Ibid. P. 104.

<4> [1984] 3 All ER 982.

<5> .: Atiyah P.S., Adams J.N., Macqueen G. Op. cit. P. 478.

. ,

,

,

: PRESSI ( HERSON )