Грамматика. Практикум

C.

-I will examine you for ten dollars.

-Go ahead, Doctor. If you find it, you can have it. D.

One day the prettiest girl in our room said:

“I have found a new job and I will be leaving tomorrow.” “Will you be making more money?”

“No,” she said. “Less.”

“Then why are you leaving?” I asked.

“Well,” she said, pointing to the room where she worked, with its exclusively female occupant, “I guess I'm just getting she-sick.”

E.

Two acquaintances, who had not seen Boatswain Macpherson for some years, called at his house on Saturday evening. Mrs. Macpherson answered the door.

“Does Macpherson live here?” they asked. “Yeah,” was the woman's reply, “just carry him in!” F.

-Did you call your colleague a liar? -I did, sir, admitted Higgins.

-And a louse? -Yes, sir.

-And did you also say he was a common dirty-tongued little rat?

Higgins thought for a moment and then said regretfully,

-No, sir, I forgot to call him so. G.

-I'll never forget the night I met my wife at a dance. -Was it romantic?

-No, embarrassing. I thought that she was home taking care of the kids.

EXERCISE № 305. Translate from Russian into English.

Statements

Она считала, что ананасы растут на	She thought that pineapples grew on trees.
деревьях.
Он сказал, что он сейчас работает над	He said that he was working at a new article
новой статьей.	then.
Сестра сказала, что уже сдала документы	My sister said that she had already handed in her
в приемную комиссию.	application to the Entrance Requirements
	Department.
Андрей сказал мне, что читает эту книгу	Andrew told me that he had been reading the
уже два часа.	book for 2 hours.
Брауны сказали, что видели нас вчера в	The Browns said that they had seen us in the
театре.	theatre the day before.
Папа сказал, что встречает Алис в 5 в	Dad said that he was meeting Alice at the airport
аэропорту.	at 5.
Он мне говорил, что интересуется	He told me that he was interested in British
литературой Англии.	Literature.
Он сказал, что в 4 играл в теннис.	He said that he was playing/had been playing
	tennis at 4.
Мария сказала сестре, что позвонит ей	Maria told her sister that she would call her the
завтра.	following day.

Профессор Смит сказал, что завтра в час будет читать лекцию.

Питер сказал, что через два часа он уже напишет отчет.

Он настаивал на том, что уже сдал отчет. Я был уверен, что он уже жалеет, что написал ей.

У меня было впечатление, что он здесь уже давно.

Я подозревал, что она просто забыла сказать, что я жду.

Он еще не знал, что он будет делать в Лондоне.

Professor Smith said that he would be delivering a lecture at 13 00 the following day/the next day. Peter said that in two hours he would have written the report.

He insisted that he had handed in his report.

I was sure he was sorry the he had written to her.

I had the impression that he had been there for some time.

I suspected that she had forgotten to mention that I was waiting.

He wasn’t sure what he would do in London.

Questions

Мой помощник спросил, какой марки у	My assistant asked what type of printer we had.
нас принтер. Но я не знал ответа на его	But I didn’t know the answer.
вопрос.
Энн хотела знать, заявил ли уже кто-	Ann wanted to know if anyone had reported the
нибудь о пропаже этого ребенка.	missing child.
Она спросила, как зовут ребенка, и где его	She asked the child what his name was and
родители.	where his parents were.
Профессор спросил, как долго я изучаю	The professor asked how long I had been
немецкий.	learning German.
Она спросила меня, читала ли я эту книгу	She asked me if I had read the book in the
в оригинале или в переводе. Я ответил,	original or in translation. I answered that I had
что читал ее в оригинале.	read it in the original.
Он спросил меня, умею ли я плавать. Я	He asked me if I could swim and I answered that
ответил, что умею.	I could.
Она спросила, хочу ли я пойти в кино. Я	She asked me if I would like to go to the cinema.
ответила, что хочу.	I answered that I would.
Мама спросила, хочу я апельсин или	Mum asked whether I wanted an orange or an
яблоко.	apple.
Commands/Requests/Exclamations/Advice/Suggestions, etc.
Он попросил ее не закрывать дверь.	He asked her not to close the door.
Мы ему сказали, чтобы он нас не ждал.	We told him not to wait for us.
Мужчина отрицал тот факт, что он украл	The man denied stealing my bag.
мою сумочку.
Она просила навестить ее на днях.	She asked to visit her the other day.
Она умоляла подождать ее.	She begged to wait for her.
Генерал приказал солдатам стоять смирно.	The General commanded the soldiers to stand to
	attention.
Она предложила ему подвезти его до	She suggested giving him a lift to the station.
станции.
Майк пожелал отцу доброй ночи и пошел	Mike wished his father good night and went to
спать.	bed.
Она напомнила мне, что пора принимать	She reminded me that it was time to take a pill.
таблетку.
Она предложила мне еще чашку чая.	She offered me another cup of tea.
Они поздравили меня с окончанием	They congratulated me on graduating from the

университета.	university.
Она назвала его тугодумом.	She called him a slowcoach.
Она посоветовала Биллу поторопиться.	She advised Bill to hurry.
С восхищением она сказала, что ей	She exclaimed that she liked my dress.
нравится мое платье.
Он похвастался, что написал контрольную	He boasted that he had got a five for the test.
на пятерку.
Она настояла на том, что мы должны	She insisted on us/our going to the Smiths
пойти к Смитам вместе.	together.

CONDITIONALS

Zero Conditionals

EXERCISE № 306. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple tense or the imperative. Then translate the sentences into your language.

1.If you…………. (fly) budget airline, you………….(have/pay) for your drinks and snacks.

2.If you…………. (visit) London, …………. (go) on the London Eye.

3.If unemployment …………. (rise), people…………. (tend/stay) in their present jobs.

4.If you…………. (cross) an international date line, the time…………. (change).

5.If I…………. (have) a job interview, I…………. (press) my suit and…………. (shine) my shoes.

6.You…………. (get) water if you…………. (mix) hydrogen and oxygen.

7.If Julie …………. (not wear) a hat, she …………. (get) sunstroke.

8.If you …………. (park) your car on double yellow lines, you …………. (pay) a fine.

9.I …………. (cycle) to work if the weather …………. (be) fine.

10.Everybody …………. (be) grumpy if it …………. (rain) a lot.

EXERCISE № 307. Answer the questions. Use zero conditionals.

1.What colour do you get if you mix yellow and blue?

2.What happens with the grass if it rains?

3.Does wool burn if there is no air?

4.What happens with iron if it gets wet? (rust)

5.What do babies usually do if they are hungry?

6.What colour do you get if you mix red and blue?

7.When do people have a hangover?

8.When do women think of slimming?

9.When does ice melt?

10.What sights can you see if you go to London?

11.When does coffee taste sweet?

12.On what condition do you feel good?

EXERCISE № 308. Complete the sentences.

1.If you boil water, ………….

2.If you study hard, ………….

3.If you freeze water, ………….

4.If you heat metal, ………….

5.If you don’t study, ………….

6.If you miss lunch, ………….

7.If you don’t sleep, ………….

8.If you travel south, ………….

9.If you break a mirror, ………….

10.Water boils if………….

11.If you mix red and white, ………….

12.If you pull a cat's tail, ………….

13.A dog bites if………….

14.………….if you leave it in the sun.

15.………….if she comes home very late.

16.…………., you get sunburned.

17.I always feel miserable if ………….

First Conditionals

EXERCISE № 309. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple or the future simple. Sometimes you need to use imperatives as well.

1.We …………. (pass) the examination if we…………. (study) hard.

2.If you…………. (go) to see this film, you…………. (have) a good time.

3.If you…………. (pay) me, I…………. (clean) your car.

4.If people…………. (learn) only English at school, other languages …………. (die out).

5.If you …………. (give) them your e-mail, you ………….. (get) lots of junk mail.

6.What …………. you (say) if you…………. (see) him?

7.If we…………. (not go) now, we…………. (miss) the bus.

8.I …………. (call) the police if someone …………. (steal) my money.

9.If he …………. (get) the right grades, he …………. (go) to Cambridge University.

10.If we…………. (sing) some carols, they…………. (be) happy.

11.If you …………. (want) any advice, …………. (let) me know.

12.Those plants …………. (die) if you …………. (not/water) them regularly.

13.She ………………..(get) a good mark for the test if she ……………..(study) hard.

14.If she …………. (not cooperate) with the police, they …………. (arrest) her.

15.If you don’t study hard, you …………. (fail) the test.

16.The window …………. (close) if you …………. (click) on that button.

17.If she …………. (ask) you where I …………. (be), …………. (tell) her you ………….

(not/know).

18.If she…………. (have) her hair cut, she …………. (look) a lot prettier.

19.If the rain …………. (not stop) soon, the match …………. (may/be) cancelled.

20.If you …………. (open) the attachment, you …………. (get) a virus.

21.We …………. (can/see) the film tomorrow if there …………. (be) any tickets left.

22.If I …………. (lose) my job, I …………. (emigrate).

23.We …………. (may/go) to see Shrek 3 if it …………. (not be) sold out.

24.If Jenny …………. (want) to close a file on her computer, she ………….always (save) it first.

25.I…………. (pay) you double if you …………. (get) the work finished by Friday.

26.If anyone …………. (ring) for me, please………….(tell) them I ………….(be back) in the office at 4 o'clock.

EXERCISE № 310. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present continuous, the present perfect or the future simple or the imperative..

1. If he…………. (sleep), …………. (not/wake) him.

2.If you …………. still (work) in the garden when I …………. (arrive), I …………. (give) you a hand.

3.If he …………. (finish) the crossword, I …………. (be able) to read the rest of the paper at last!

4.If he …………. still (sleep), …………. you (can/waken) him for me?

5.If you …………. (finish) your coffee, we …………. (can/pay) the bill.

6.If you ………….(finish) your dinner, you…………. (can/ask) for the bill.

7.If you …………. (feel) tired, you’d better take a rest.

EXERCISE № 311. Finish the sentences.

1.If I see him again, ..........................................

2.If you don't hear from me by next Friday, .............................

3.If someone breaks into your house, ..........................................

4.If it's cold tomorrow, ................................................

5.She will marry you if ....................................................

6.If you don't leave me alone, ...............................................................

7.If you don't turn down that silly music, ..........................................

8.We will catch the train if ..............................

EXERCISE № 312. A Life of Danger. Can you match the things on the left with the warnings on the right?

poison	If you hold it wrongly, you will cut yourself.
tobacco	If you touch it, it will bite you.
a tree	If you go too fast, the police will catch you.
the sea	If you have too much, you will get sick.
a sharp knife	If you open the back, you will get a shock.
a car	If you drink a lot, you’ll feel sick tomorrow.
a bicycle	If you are careless, you will fall.
alcohol	If you drink it, you will die.
a dog	If you go there in bad weather, you will drown.
television	If you don’t have lights, a car will hit you.

Now use the same pattern to write new warnings about five other dangerous things.

Then read some of your warnings. Can other class members guess what the “dangerous things” are?

EXERCISE № 313. It Depends on What? Make up short dialogues. Use the model.

Are you going to go on a picnic tomorrow? - It depends on the weather. If it rains, I’ll stay home. If it’s sunny, I’ll go.

1.Is it important to marry someone you love?

2.Do you think Syria will have its own international football team?

3.Do you think there will be peace in Israel in the next 15 years?

4.Do you prefer male or female teachers?

5.Do you make friends easily?

6.Do you lie to your friends?

7.Do you ever cheat in exams?

8.Do you always wear warm clothes?

EXERCISE № 314. The Internet Dilemma

A student is daydreaming and doesn’t want to study. She’s thinking about going online. Continue her dreams as in the model.

If I go online, I might enter a chatroom. If I enter a chatroom, I might chat with a man. If I chat with a man, he might ask me for my phone number. If he …..

EXERCISE № 315. Superstitions

Are you a superstitious person? Are all people in your country superstitious? Make superstitions for these words, using first conditional pattern. Look at the model first.

Model: If you break a mirror, you’ll have seven years’ bad luck.

black cat, birthday cake candles, salt, itchy ear, itchy hand, sneezing, the number thirteen, whistling at home, knocking on wood, hiccups, raining at a wedding, towel

EXERCISE № 316. Make up questions beginning with What will you do if... Make use of the phrases below. Then work with your partner. Ask and answer the questions.

1.	feel tired	8.	not take an umbrella
2.	rain on Sunday	9.	lose your key
3.	want to read a glossy magazine	10. miss the bus
4.	want to top up	11. not exercise regularly
5.	feel hungry	12. have a nosebleed
6.	see a stray dog in the street	13. spill red wine on your jeans
7.	not brush your teeth	14. have hiccups

EXERCISE № 317. Anxiety role-play

Work in pairs. Student A is very adventurous, student B is very anxious. In pairs role-play a discussion between two close friends about the following situations. Look at the model first.

A:I am going to tour the Amazon.

B:What will you do if you catch malaria?

A:Don’t worry. If I catch malaria, I’ll go and see a local doctor.

B:But what if you are in the middle of the jungle?

A:If I’m in the jungle, I’ll see an Amazonian Indian doctor.

B:What will happen if you get lost?

A:If I get lost, …

1.You are going on holiday to South America, where you’ll spend about six weeks taking pictures of the wildlife, landscapes, sea, mountains and desert.

2.You are giving up a well-paid job to become an art student/a model in Paris.

3.You are getting married to a singer in a band with a notorious reputation.

Second Conditionals

EXERCISE № 318. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple or would+infinitive.

1.I …………….. (not/work) for them even if they……………..(pay) me twice my current salary.

2.If these walls …………….. (be) thicker, we……………..(not/hear) the neighbors.

3.If we …………….. (have) a car, we……………..(get) there in 30 minutes.

4.If animals could talk, I wonder what they ……………..(tell) about us?

5.If there …………….. (no/be) bad people, there ……………..(no/be) good lawyers.

6.Life …………….. (be) too smooth if it ……………..(have) no rubs in it.

7.He …………….. (look) a lot better if he……………..(shave) more often.

8.If I …………….. (win) a big prize, I……………..(give up) my job.

9.If someone…………….. (give) you a helicopter, what ……you……(do) with it ?

10.What ........ you ............(do) if you ……….. (find) a burglar in your house ?

11.If she…………….. (have) a secretary, her job …………….. (not/be) so tiring.

12.If she …………….. (be) Prime Minister, she …………….. (raise) taxes.

13.What ……you…… (do) if you ……………..(find) burglars in the house?

14.Perhaps David …………. (feel) safer if he …………. (know) that there was a man on guard between him and Richard Byron.

15.If you so much as …………. (move) a finger towards me, I …………. (scream) the place down.

16.She knows how awful it …………. (be) if he …………. (get) lost.

17.If I …………. (know) what she really thought, it …………. (probably/ kill) me.

18.If I …………. (know) they were honest, I …………. (gladly/lend) them the money.

19.If my granny …………. (be) still alive, he …………. (be) a hundred tonight.

20.If I …………. (dye) my hair green, everyone …………. (laugh) at me.

EXERCISE № 319. In pairs, ask and answer questions about what you would do in each of the following situations, as in the example. Use your own ideas for the answers.

Model: What would you do if you saw a child crying? – If I saw a child crying, I would come up to the child and ask what had happened.

1.If you were a fruit, what fruit would you be and why?

2.If you were an English teacher, what would you do to improve your students´ English?

3.If a classmate asked you for the answer to a question during an exam while the teacher wasn ´t looking, what would you do?

4.If you could ask God one question, what would it be?

5.If you could speak any other language which language would you like to speak?

6.If you could choose between love and no money, or money and no love for the rest of your life, which would you choose?

7.What would you do if you won free flights for a year?

8.If you could spend a week anywhere in the world, what place would you choose?

9.If you could have a special talent, what talent would it be?

10.If you could name the book from your childhood that had the greatest influence on you, what would it be?

11.If you had to eliminate one emotion from your life, which would it be?

Now make questions yourself. Use the following word combinations. Then work with your partner. Ask the questions.

find a gold watch in the street

live on a tropical island.

find a big spider in your bed

forget your best friend’s birthday

lose your flat key

suddenly see yourself on TV

get stuck in the elevator

win a car

get lost in a strange town

find some money on the bus

want to change your image

EXERCISE № 320. What would you take to a desert island?

Imagine you were on a desert island. What things would you want to take with you?

Who would you like to be with? Write short answers to the questions below. Remember you don’t need basic food or water or electricity – it’s already on the island.

1.What two books would you bring?

2.What luxury food item would you like?

3.What special drink item would you take?

4.What two pieces of music would you listen to?

5.Who would you like to be on the island with? Choose two people.

6.What personal item would you take?

Now work in small groups. Ask each other the same questions. After each question, ask follow-up questions, including ‘Why…’. Start your answers like this If I were on a desert island, I would bring / take / listen to…

EXERCISE № 321. Complete the sentences.

1.If we were all clones, ……………

2.If people had two heads, ……………

3.If time travel was possible, ……………

4.If nobody knew how to read, ……………

5.If money grew on trees, ……………

6.If we could read other people’s thoughts, ……………

7.If we bought a house in the country ......................

8.Even if he were rich and handsome ................................

EXERCISE № 322. In pairs, give each other advice for these problems, beginning If I were you, I’d….

1.I want to give up smoking.

2.I love her, but she never calls.

3.I can’t get to sleep at night.

4.Our house is cold and damp.

5.English grammar is so hard!

6.I’m lonely!

7.I’m bored!

EXERCISE № 323. Paul and Marie were staying at their friends for a few days. They come home and speak about the rules life at their friends’ house. Role-play the dialog Paul and Marie could have. Use second conditional to show how the situation in each case could be improved.

1.Tom doesn't take any exercise, that's why he is so fat.

2.Their younger daughter, Lizzie, is very shy. It’s a pity she is at home all the time. She doesn't even go to parties!

3.Their phone number isn't in the directory, so people can’t ring them up.

4.Their cat, Fluffy, is really fluffy! His hairs are everywhere!

5.They don't clean the windows so the rooms look rather gloomy.

6.They drive very fast, so everyone is afraid to travel with them.

7.Petunia can hardly cook. They have to eat junk food and convenience foods.

EXERCISE № 324. Open the brackets. Put the verbs into the past simple or future-in-the- past simple.

Did you hear about that guy who won 180 million dollars in the lottery? If I ………. (win) that much money, I ………. (quit) my job the next day. I ……… (travel) around the world and …….. (stay) in the most luxurious hotels. If I ……… (want) anything, I ……… (buy) it. If I …….. (see) a beautiful Mercedes that I wanted I …….. (buy) it. If I ……… (want) to stay in a hotel by the sea

and the hotel ……….. (be) full, I ………. (buy) the hotel and make them give me a room. I …….. (can/do) anything in the world, if I ……… (have) 180 million dollars….. Oh… I am starting to sound a little bit materialistic…. Well…. I ………(do) good things with the money too. I ……….

(donate) some money to charities and I ………. (try) to help as many people as possible.

Now write your own story, beginning If I had 180 million dollars.

EXERCISE № 325. Work with your partner and make up short dialogues as in the models. Model 1: I suppose I'll have to ask someone else to help me. - I'm afraid so. I'd help you if I could but I can't.

meet me at the airport		babysit in the afternoon
see me off on Wednesday		arrange it for me
	wait for me	explain the rule to me
show me the way			show me how to do it.
	fix my bike for me.		give me a piece of advice

give me a lift

Model 2: He lives near his work so he's always on time. - If I lived near my work, I'd always be on time too. (Stress the subjects.)

1.His suitcase is light so he carries it himself.

2.The Potters have a colour television, so they stay at home in the evenings.

3.Jane is nice and slim, so she looks marvellous in tight jeans.

4.Her husband works overtime, so he earns a lot of money.

5.He has green fingers so his bushes and flowers are the county landmarks.

6.She knows a film director, so she gets good parts.

7.Both Jack and his wife work, so they can afford expensive holidays.

8.He listens to the 7 o’clock news carefully and always knows what's happening.

9.He runs round the park every morning, so he keeps fit.

10.Mrs Jones employs an au pair girl, so she can spend all day working.

11.They do their own decorating, so they save a lot of money.

12.She has everything she wants, so she is perfectly happy.

Model 3: Tom's on holiday now; I expect he's sitting on the beach. - If I were on holiday, I'd be sitting on the beach too.

	pony-trekking		mowing the lawn
	windsurfing		painting pictures
lying in a hammock			touring Provence
	sightseeing		buying antiques
	playing volleyball		taking pictures
sitting in a deckchair			sun-bathing

Third Conditionals

EXERCISE № 326. Read the sentences; then put the verbs into the correct form.

1.If he ................. (live) in France, he ................. (not/learn) French.

2.If Beckham ................. (not/kick) a goal, the team ................. (not/win) the game.

3.If Mary .................. (not/lose) her umbrella, she ................ (not/get) wet in the rain.

4.He ................ (not/get) his driving license if he ................ (not/take) driving lesons.

5.I……………… (stop) suspecting him at once if I……………… (know) that.

6.If Joe ……………. (not/go) to the party, he ……………. (go) clubbing instead.

7.If they ……………. (build) the bridge properly, it …………….. (not/fall) down in the earthquake.

8.Brazil …………….. (win) the football match if the referee …………….. (be) fair.

9.If he …………….. (work) harder, he ……………… (be) promoted.

10.If you………….. (not/remind) me, I ………………. (may/forget).

11.We ……………. (go) for a picnic if it ……………….. (be) a nice day.

12.If she …………….. (follow) her parents’ advice, she ……………. (not/lose) all her money.

13.How come you let them confiscate your laptop? – If I …………….. (not/agree), they

……………. (not/allow) me on the plane.

14.…………….you (stay) in Canada if you ……………. (not/marry) a Canadian woman?

15.I don’t know what we ……………. (do) if our visas ……………. (not/arrive) in time.

16.If I …………….. (be) taller, I ……………. (join) the police force.

17.I …………… (buy) a second-hand car if I ……………. (have) any sense.

18.The house …………….. (burn) down if the fire brigade …………….. (not/come) immediately.

19.If he ………………(know) the facts, he ………………. (may/tell) us what to do.

20.What ………….. (happen) if they ………….. (not/find) you in time?

EXERCISE № 327. Rewrite the following sentenses in the third conditional.

Model: Frank didn’t book his airline ticket in advance, so he had to postpone his trip to Madrid. -

If he had booked my airline ticket in advance, he wouldn’t have had to postpone his trip to Madrid.

1.William didn’t see the advert in The Times, so he didn’t apply for the job.

2.Heather forgot to buy an extra memory card for her digital camera, so she only took 24 photos.

3.Janet didn’t set her alarm clock, so she was late for work.

4.Philip did not save the document, so he had to write it again.

5.Rupert forgot to take his A-Z map of London, so he got lost.

6.Henry didn’t pay the bill, so his telephone line was cut off.

7.Jack didn’t know that his girlfriend had got free tickets to the concert, so he bought them.

8.Rachel drank 5 cups of coffee, so she could not fall asleep.

9.Richard drank too much at the party, so he had a terrible hangover the following day.

10.Julia missed the last bus home, so she had to take a taxi.

11.He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving.

12.The wind was so strong that the bridge collapsed.

13.Sue forgot to top up, so she couldn’t make a call.

14.Mr Green fell off a ladder. He broke his arm.

15.Mr Grey slipped on a banana skin. He twisted his ankle.

EXERCISE № 328. You have a friend who is careless with her things. Say what would/wouldn’t have happened if she had/hadn’t done the following:

1.She left her suitcase unattended at an airport. It got stolen.

2.She forgot to lock the car. Her camera got stolen.

3.She left her purse in a restaurant. It disappeared.

4.She left her watch lying about. It got broken.

5.She didn’t lock the door of her flat. Thieves broke in.

6.She knocked her favourite tea set off the table. The cups broke.

7.She didn’t put her name on her suitcase. Someone took it by mistake.

8.She didn’t look after her bicycle. It went rusty.

9.She left her parcels on a bus. Someone took them.

10.She didn’t keep her passport in a safe place. It got lost.

EXERCISE № 329. Read the stories. Describe what might have happened if the characters