Unit XI. Health and medical aid

Vocabulary

1. ambulance – скорая помощь

2. bandage – повязка

3. blister – волдырь

4. blood pressure – кровяное давление

5. bruise/black eye – синяк/под глазом

6. burn – ожег

7. catch a cold – простудиться

8. complain of smth – жаловаться на ч-л

9. cough – кашлять

10. crown – коронка

11. cure – излечивать

12. cut – порез

13. dentist – зубной врач

14. disease – болезнь

15. dizziness – головокружение

16. fatigue – утомление

17. feel one’s pulse – проверить пульс

18. feelwell/sick– чувствовать себя хорошо/плохо

19. filling - пломба

20. flu– грипп

21. form – направление

22. fracture – перелом

23. have fever – иметь жар

24. health – здоровье

25. heart attack – сердечный приступ

26. I’m aching all over – у меня все болит

27. infect – заражать

28. itch – зуд

29. medicine– медицина, лекарство

30. nurse – медсестра

31. ointment – мазь

32. pain – боль

33. patient – пациент, больной

34. physician – врач, медик

35. prescription – рецепт

36. rash – сыпь

37. recover – выздоравливать

38. running nose – насморк

39. scratch– царапина

40. sneeze – чихать

41. sore throat – больное горло

42. splinter – заноза

43. sprain – растяжение

44. stretcher – носилки

45. surgeon – хирург

46. syringe – шприц

47. take temperature – измерить температуру

48. test – анализ

49. treat – лечить

50. twist – вывих

51. urgent case – срочный вызов

52. vomiting – рвота

53. wound– рана, ранить

54. have a headache/toothache/stomachache – иметь головную боль/зубную боль/ боль в животе

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text

You and Your Health

What Do You Know About Disease?

Just what is disease? Disease is a change from the condition of good health. In disease, the normal structure or function of the body is harmed or weakened. Disease is often called sickness or illness.

A disease may last a brief time or a long time. It may be mild or severe. Some diseases such as the common cold may go away after a few days without any treatment. Other diseases require medical treatment to cure them. Still other diseases may require a lifetime of medical supervision to manage them.

Favorable standards of living help promote health. Also the body itself has defenses against disease. But now and then the defenses give way and illness occurs. Disease germs may break through the defenses. Parts of the body may begin to function poorly. Tissues in the body may grow in uncontrolled ways. Something may go wrong with certain chemical reactions in the body.

Symptoms of Illness

How do people know they are ill? Often they have symptoms such as pain, nausea, sore- throat, lack of appetite, fatigue, or fever. However, a disease may be present without a person knowing it. Sometimes a disease is discovered during a routine health examination.

Illnesses, that can be passed along by an infected person to a well person either directly or indirectly are called infectious or communicable diseases.

In early 1900s infectious diseases were still a serious public health problem. Today as a result of improved hygiene and living conditions, new drugs, new kinds of medical treatment, and the widespread use of vaccines, the picture has changed. Many diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, scarlet fever, smallpox, and diphtheria have been almost wiped out. However, some of these diseases — and others — pose problems in certain areas of the world.

The cold is the most common communicable disease. So far, scientists have identified more than 100 different viruses capable of causing cold symptoms. For this reason, no vaccine exists to immunize against colds.

Some diseases are not caused by disease-producing microorganisms. These diseases cannot be passed from person to person. No immunity can be produced for these diseases. They are called noncommunicable. Among them are most diseases of the heart, allergy and a lot of others.

Answer the questions about the text

1. How do diseases vary according to the difficulty in getting over them?

2. What helps promote health?

3. When does illness occur?

4. How is illness discovered?

5. What are infectious diseases?

6. Is there any vaccine against the cold?

7. What are noncommunicable diseases? "

8. Why no immunity can be produced for these diseases?

Ex.2. Find in the text equivalents to the following words and phrases.

Нормальная функция, структура нарушена, продолжаться короткое время, легкая болезнь, тяжелая болезнь, пройти (о болезни), медикаментозное лечение, вылечить, условия жизни, уровень жизни, защита от болезни, защита ослабевает, плохо функционировать, нарушиться, тошнота, усталость, отсутствие аппетита, обычный медицинский осмотр, инфекционное заболевание, передаваться от больного здоровому, проблема общественного здоровья, истребить (о болезнях), представлять проблему, самая распростра­ненная болезнь, создать иммунитет.

Ex. 3. Choose the right word.

The words usually confused: illness (sickness)— disease

"illness" is the state of being ill; "disease" refers to a particular kind of illness with special symptoms and name.

pain— ache

"pain" refers to suffering of body. It is sharp and sudden; "ache" — means a continuous pain.

cure— heal— treat

"cure" means to bring back to health;

"heal" means to make healthy after wounds of any kind (e.g. cuts are healed); "treat" means to take care of with medicines, etc. It refers to the process of curing (e.g. a person must be treated to be cured).

a) ill— sick (Mind: "ill" is never used before a noun).

1) The nurse mixed the medicine with a teaspoon and gave it to the ... man who sat up in bed to take it. 2) When people are ... and have a temperature of over 39 degrees we say they are in a high fever. 3) When I go on board a ship or a boat, I feel ... 4) He was suddenly taken ...

b) illness (sickness)— disease

1) What did the man die of? Did he suffer from any chronic ... or complications after a serious ... ? 2) The ... was catching, and the doctor said he would put me on the sick-list. 3) Scarlet fever is a catching ... . 4) His ... prevented him from going to school together with his friends.

c) treat— cure

1) After scarlet fever complications developed, and they had to be ... for a month before the patient was completely ... . 2) The open air life in the mountain ... him of headaches. 3. The doctor said that if I followed his instructions, I should soon be ... of the disease.

d) cure— heal

1) Fresh air, sunshine, good food may ... a patient of consumption by ... his lungs. 2) After a fortnight of slight fever, the wound ... and he recovered. 3) The doctor applied a medicine which soon ... the deep cut in my arm.

e) ache—pain—hurt

1) As Joe was coming home a sudden ... in his heart made him stop and lean against the wall of a house. 2) Wet weather often makes old people feel an ... in their bones. 3) He fell down the stairs and ... his leg. 4) This heavy suit-case makes my arm ... . 5) Did you ... yourself?

Ex. 4. Read the text. Translate the words and phrases in brackets.

There is nothing more unpleasant than (заболеть) when you are away from home. If that happens, do you (пойти на прием к врачу) or send for him at once? He will come and (прослушать пульс, измерить температуру, прослушать легкие, осмотреть) you thoroughly. He will (прописать диету) for you and tell you what to eat, and what not to eat, and he will probably advise you to give up drinking coffee, or tea, or both, and to smoke less.

If you want some (лекарство) he will give you (рецепт) that you can get made up in (аптека). Going to the chemist's is rather an adventure in a foreign town. Chemist shops, these days, are wonderful places. Besides medicines and all kinds of (таблетки и мази) you can get all sorts of other things there as well, such as soaps, brushes, combs, bottles of every shape and size containing scent, (полоскание, микстура от кашля) and what not. You can buy tooth-pastes, tooth-brushes and a hundred and one other things required by man, woman or child.

Ex. 5. Answer the following questions

1. When do people have a headache? 2. What do you do hen you have a headache? 3. When do you take temperature? 4. What is the normal temperature? 5. What do people use a hot-water bottle for? 6. Is it easy to catch cold in our climate? 7. How are you treated for your cold? 8. What do the doctors feel your pulse for? 9. Do you miss your lectures when you have sore throat? Cold in the head? Headache? Toothache?10. Does your mother make a fuss when you are ill? 11. Can the pulse be rapid if you have a good heart? In what cases does it happen? 12. Do you feel fit? 12. Do you always follow the prescription, a doctor writes out for you?

Ex. 6. Express the following in English.

Его дочь - медсестра. 2. Этот порез оставит шрам. 3. Здоровье для меня дороже денег. 4. Вы сильно кашляете. Я думаю, вы слишком много курите. 5. У нее простуда и болит горло. 6. Ему пришлось идти в больницу, чтобы сделать рентген. 7. До сих пор нет средства от обычной простуды. 8. Лучшее лекарство для тебя - хороший отдых. 9. Он сильно ранен? 10. Их отвезли на скорой помощи в ближайшую больницу. 11. Мне не нужна повязка - это всего лишь царапина. 12. Это лекарство избавит (вылечит) тебя от кашля. 13. Что вы можете прописать от боли, доктор? 14. Наверное, она простудилась. 15. Он кричал от боли, когда сломал руку. 16. Это был серьезный порез, и он потерял много крови. 17. Они сделали рентген и обнаружили перелом кости. 18. Он не хочет, чтобы его заразили.

Ех. 7. Trу to guess the meaning of the idioms and phrases used in the following sentences, translate the sentences.

1 .The way they treat their children makes my blood boil. 2. The sound of footsteps in the dark made his blood run cold. 3. Both her parents are actors so acting is/runs in her blood. 4. Getting my boss to agree to a pay rise is like getting blood from a stone. 5. They killed an old man in cold blood. 6. He is fit as a fiddle. 7. The boss will have a fit when he hears what you have done. 8. She goes to keep-fit classes. 9. It's a real pain in the neck having to meet them at the airport. 10. They were forbidden to leave on pain of death. 11. She went to great pains/took pains with her work, 12. We are trying to put pressure on the government to change the law. 13. He only agreed to leave the country under pressure. 14. You'll only open old wounds if you bring up that subject. 15. Stop talking about him - don't rub salt into the wound(s).

Ex. 8. After reading the stories tell about your visit (or visits) to the dentist.

I had toothache for several days, but just hadn't enough courage to go to the dentist. As a matter of fact, I went twice, but just as I got on his doorstep and was going to ring the bell, the toothache seemed to have gone away, so I went home again. But at last I rang the bell and was shown into the waiting-room.

There were a number of magazines there, and I had just got into the middle of an exciting story when the maid came in to say that Mr. Puller was ready to see me.

I went into the surgery and he told me to sit in a chair that he could move up and down, backwards and forwards, and then he had a look at the inside of my mouth. He put a little mirror on а handle inside my mouth and poked about for a while, then said, "Yes, I'm afraid, we can’t save that one, it will have to come out. I'll give you an injection."

He filled a syringe with a liquid. I felt a little prick on the gum. He did this in two or three places and waited for a minute or two. My mouth felt rather dead. Then he took an instrument, got hold of my tooth, gave a twist, then a quick pull, and the tooth was out.

Ex.9 . Read and translate the text.