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theoretical_phonetics / GA consonants

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RP consonants vs. GA consonants

RP

GA articultary modifications

GA distribution

GA disappearance and substitution

GA processes

p

In pronunciation of [r] sound between a vowel and consonant 1/3 of American population omit it.

b

t

-Intervocalic [t] as in pity is normally voiced. The result is neutralization of the distribution between [t] and [d] in the position. E.g. latter, ladder

- preceding a syllabic [i] as in beetle, subtle

-between a nonsyllabic [l] and unstressed vowel as in malted, altogether, salted;

-between [n] and unstressed vowel as in twenty, wanted, seventy, want to see

-between unaccented vowel as in at another place, if it is convenient.

The original distinction is preserved through vowel length with the vowel before [t] being shorter. Isn’t voiced: initially or terminally, or when it precedes syllabic [n] as in button

In words like twenty, little [t] may dropout. E.g. winner and winter may sound identical [winə]

d

k

g

f

v

Ө

s

z

Ş

Asia [eiŞə] – [ei3ə] [Ş] – [3]

Schedule [Şedju;l] – [skedjəl]

[Ş] – [s]

3

h

d3

m

n

ŋ

w

Clear distinction between `wh` and `w`. it’s represented by [m] sound or sometimes transcribed by [hw]. E.g. where – ware

Whitch – witch

j

Is usually weakened between a consonant (espetially a forelingual one) and [u:] as in the words: news [nu:z], Tuesday [tu:zdi], student [stu:dent], suit [su:t], tube [tu:be}, stupid [stu:pid], during [du:ring]

Lingua – palatal glide – may be omitted: in the words “duty”, “tune” /j/ is not pronounced /du:ti/, /tu:n/

- may appear: in cordial [ko:diəl] – [korjəl], schedule [Şedju:l] – [skedjəl]

r

[r] is pronounced differently from RP – with the impression of greater retroflexion (the tip of the tjngue is curled back further than in RP – for retroflexed [r] the tip of the tongue glides to the retroflexed positionwithout staying there long enough to produce a full-fledged retroflex [r] sound)

- [r] is consonantal and non - syllabic (according to Ch. Thomas) when it follows the vowel and ends the word in words like far, core( in involves characteristic hindering of the free flow of breath whichis associated with consonants)

- on the other hand there is a vocalic or vowel – like, syllabic [r], that occur in words like bird, murmur (after a vowel and before a consonant). In such cases [r] is responsible for the characteristic vowel – like quality within the syllable, it’s responsible for syllabic quality as well. According to Thomas [r] should be transcribed differently; according to Vassilyev – it’s a vowel, which forms a syllable: bird [ə:], corn [o:] not [r], which gives a preceding vowel retro – flexed colouring + [r] – compensating vowels (prolonged by [r])

l

[l] is fairly dark in all positions. No allophonic differentiation of [l].

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