theoretical_phonetics / Cockney consonants
.docCockney consonants vs. RP consonants
RP |
Articultary changes |
Auditory changes |
Phonological changes |
Reasons |
p |
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[p] is heavily aspirated (more than in RP) |
Certain consonants in Cockney differ from the RP ones. The difference takes place because of the rule of the economy of articultory effort.
-[Ө] (interdental) and [f] (labio - dental) } both fricative, constrictive -[ð] (interdental) and [v] (labio - dental) } both fricative, constrictive =>distant assimilation } non-verbal movements => the economy of effort - [ð] => [d] * the function frequency of articulatory movements: more consonants are produced with the tip of the tongue between the teeth: * distant assimilation. This [dis], them [dəm]. [l] and [v] from the articulatory point of view – the tip of the tongue is in contact with alveolar ridge (in Cockney not in contact), the back of the tongue is i......, the parts of the tongue are lowered => no obstruction takes place=> simplification. From the auditory poin of view [l] is considered to be a vowel when it precedes a consonant and follows a vowel, or when it is syllabic. [l] is sonorant (the sound in production of which voice prevails over noise) vowel is voice. So the noise is omitted. Completely and only voice is left=> simplification. [n] and [ŋ] – nasal sonorants, occlusive, back – lingual -> apico – alveolar. - the functional frequency of the articulatory movements: more consonants are produced with the tip of the tongue against the top of the alveolar ridge. - the tip of the tongue is more flexible and it’s easier to pronounce [n] than [ŋ]. E.g. anything [əniӨiŋk]. [ŋ] is prolonged, the vocal cords should vibrate for a long period of time=> to stop it the voiceless consonant [k] should be pronounced to let the tongue go down. [h] – the absence of this sound in pronunciation is caused, because active organs of speech don’t create any obstruction. |
b |
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t |
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[t] is heavily aspirated (more than in RP) is affricated: [s] is heard before the vowel. E.g. top [tsop] |
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d |
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k |
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[k] is aspirated (more than in RP) |
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g |
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[?] is widely spread in Cockney speech even in position where it is not supposed to be: paper [pǽi?pə], butterfly [b۸?təflai] |
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f |
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The contrast between [f] and [Ө] is completely lost. E.g. thin [fin], booth [bu:f] |
Interchange of /f/ and /Ө/, e.g. /fing/ thing |
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v |
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-interchange of /v/ and /w/. E.g. wery vell: -interchange of /v/ and /ð/, e.g./fa:ve/ father |
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Ө |
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The contrast between [f] and [Ө] is completely lost. E.g. thin [fin], booth [bu:f] |
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ð |
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-interchange of /v/ and /ð/, e.g. /fa:ve/ father -/ð/ in initial position is either dropped or replaced by. - [d], e.g. this [ðis], them [(d)əm] |
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s |
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z |
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Ş |
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3 |
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h |
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[h] in unstressed position is almost invariably absent |
Interchange of /h/ and /-/, e.g. “ ‘eart” for “heart” and “hart” for “art” |
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tŞ |
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d3 |
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m |
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n |
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ŋ |
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- [ŋ] is replaced by [n] in word – final position. E.g. dancing [da:nsin] |
- [ŋ] is replaced by [n] in word final position - [ŋ] may be pronounced as [iŋk] in something |
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w |
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Interchange of /v/ and /w/. E.g. wery vell |
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j |
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r |
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l |
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- is considered to be a vowel when it precedes a consonant and follows a vowel, or when it is syllabic: milk [mivk], table [teibv] |
[l] disappears completely, when the preceding vowel is [o;] |