English language

26.	to be reminded by the photos	-	вспоминать, глядя на
			фотографии
27.	in advance	-	заранее
28.	overnight train	-	ночной поезд
29.	fast train	-	скорый поезд
30.	a berth	-	полка (в вагоне),
			спальное место
31.	a sleeper	-	спальный вагон
32.	to be due to arrive	-	должен прибывать по
			расписанию

II. Read, translate and retell the text:

Travelling

The scientific and technological progress of the 20th century has allowed people to overcome time and distance in the twinkle of an eye. Now modern life is impossible without travelling. Millions of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. To begin with most of us travel every day to our schools, offices and factories. From time to time we have to go to another city or country on business. Then after a year’s work people get a holiday and they don’t like to spend it at home.

Many people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns. They travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.

Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.

People can travel by plane, by train, by boat or by car.

Of course, travelling by plane is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars that make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.

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Travelling by boat is popular mostly for pleasure trips. On board of river ships you can visit different places of interest within your own country. On board of large cruise ships people can get across oceans and visit other countries. Ships stop for a day or two in different ports and people go on the shore for excursions. Crossing the ocean is a magnificent voyage with enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you. The only drawback is seasickness. So before starting on a voyage you should find out whether you suffer from it or not.

Many people prefer travelling by car. This way of travelling is very convenient. You needn’t reserve tickets, needn’t carry heavy suitcases and you can stop wherever you wish and spend at any place as much time as you like.

The cheapest and one of the most popular ways of travelling is hiking. It is always a great experience for a lover of nature. Walking through the wood or along the river, having a rest on the shore of forest lake, climbing a mountain you feel yourself a part of nature. You can place yourself in a tent and enjoy fresh air and the sun all day long.

Most travellers have a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interest them. Later they will be reminded by the photos of the happy time they have had.

All means of travelling have their advantages and disadvantages. People choose one according to their plans and destination. When travelling we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home.

III. Read, translate and reproduce the dialogues:

At the Inquiry office

-Good morning.

-Good morning, sir.

-I’ve found from this time-table that there are several trains to Novosibirsk daily.

-Yes, quite so.

-Is there a sleeper on the overnight train which leaves at 11.45 p.m.?

-Yes, the train has sleeping accommodation.

-What time does the train get to Novosibirsk?

-It’s due to arrive in Novosibirsk at 5.10 a.m. It usually runs on time.

-Is there a dining car attached to this train?

-Yes, of course.

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-Thank you for the information..

At the booking-office

-I’d like two tickets to Moscow for tomorrow.

-Which train?

-The 23.15 fast train.

-In a sleeper?

-Yes, of course. And in a non-smoker, please.

-Single or return?

-Two return tickets, please.

-Just a minute. Let me see. Yes, I can give you two upper berths in one compartment.

-Can I have one lower berth?

-No. There are only upper berths.

-O.K. How much are they?

-Two return tickets are 8000 rubles. Here they are.

-Thank you.

** *

-Good morning, John! Where are you going?

-Good morning, Mike! I’m going to the railway station.

-Are you going anywhere?

-Yes. I’m going to the Crimea for holidays.

-Do you want to go there by train? It is so far. And it will take you a lot of time to get there by train.

-Never mind. I like to travel by train.

-And why don’t you want to go by plane?

-It is very expensive for me to travel by plane. Besides, travelling by train you can see many picturesque places of the country you are travelling through.

-But you will have to spend a lot of time with unknown people in one compartment.

-You know, I like to make acquaintance with people. And I think I’ll

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have a good time speaking to them about different things.

-Really? Then it’ll be better for you to go to the Crimea by train. Have a comfortable journey!

-Thank you. Bye-bye!

IV. Answer the questions:

1.Are you fond of travelling?

2.What do people travel for?

3.How do people living in the country spend their holidays?

4.What do city dwellers usually like to do on the holidays?

5.Why do people choose different means of travelling?

6.Why do some people choose planes for travelling?

7.Do you like to travel by train? Why?

8.What are advantages of travelling by train?

9.What are advantages of travelling by plane?

10.Would you like to go on a big ocean cruise? Why?

11.Why can it be convenient to travel by car?

12.If you could spend a hiking holiday wherever you like, what place would you choose?

V. Ask your friend:

•какой вид путешествия он предпочитает;

•где можно купить билеты;

•ездил ли он в морской круиз;

•хочет ли он попробовать пищу другой страны;

•страдает ли он от морской болезни;

•любит он путешествовать по делу или ради удовольствия;

•почему многие люди предпочитают пеший туризм;

•хочет ли он съездить в другую страну;

•куда бы он хотел поехать в отпуск, если бы он жил за городом;

•покупает он билет в один конец или туда и обратно, когда едет куда-нибудь в отпуск.

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Meals. Eating Out.

I. Words and word-combinations to be remembered:

1.	bacon	-	бекон
2.	boil	-	варить, кипятить;
3.	boiled	-	отварной
4.	boiled eggs	-	вареные яйца
5.	soft/hard boiled eggs	-	яйца всмятку/крутые яйца
6.	broil	-	жарить на открытом огне
7.	baked pudding of curds	-	запеканка из творога
8.	boiled buckwheat	-	гречневая каша
9.	bake	-	печь
10.	buffet	-	буфет
11.	cafe	-	кафе
12.	cafeteria	-	кафетерий
13.	cake	-	пироженое, кекс
14.	Easter cake	-	кулич
15.	short cake	-	песочное пирожное
16.	sponge cake	-	бисквитное пирожное
17.	canteen	-	столовая(фабричная,
			заводская)
18.	casserole	-	запеканка
19.	chop/cutlet	-	отбивная котлета
20.	chicken	-	цыпленок
21.	cocoa	-	какао
22.	condensed milk	-	сгущенное молоко
23.	chicken Kiev	-	котлеты по-киевски
24.	cook	-	готовить
25.	cup cake	-	пирожное корзинка
26.	delicious	-	вкусный
27.	drink	-	пить, напиток
28.	to eat out	-	есть в ресторане, кафе и пр.
29.	fast food restaurant	-	ресторан быстрого
			обслуживания
30.	fish fillet	-	рыбное филе
31.	fried	-	жареный( о рыбе, овощах)
32.	fried eggs	-	яичница
33.	fry	-	жарить
34.	favourite dish	-	любимое блюдо
35.	garnish	-	гарнир
36.	groan with food	-	ломиться от еды

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37.	to have a sweet tooth	-	быть сладкоежкой
38.	to have meals	-	есть, принимать ищу
39.	to have breakfast/dinner/	-	завтракать,обедать
	supper	-	ужинать
40.	healthy food	-	здоровая пища
41.	to heat	-	подогревать
42.	home – made preserves	-	домашние консервы
43.	hot-pot	-	картошка с мясом
			в горшочке
44.	herring	-	сельдь
45.	to have a bite	-	перекусить
46.	to have smth for breakfast	-	иметь на завтрак
47.	juice (apple, tomato, orange,	-	сок(яблочный, томатный,
	apricot, pine-apple)		апельсиновый, персиковый,
			абрикосовый, ананасовый)
48.	to lose weight	-	худеть
49.	to put on weight	-	поправиться
50.	meat balls	-	тефтели
51.	to look through the menu	-	просматривать меню
52.	meat course	-	мясное блюдо
53.	duck	-	утка
54.	goose	-	гусь
55.	to make a scratch/	-	приготовить завтрак на
	substantial breakfast		скорую руку/основательный
56.	substantial breakfast	-	основательный завтрак
57.	mashed potatoes	-	картофельное пюре
58.	potatoes in jacket	-	картошка в мундире
59.	mushrooms	-	грибы
60.	noodle	-	лапша
61.	macaroni	-	макароны
62.	pancake	-	блин, блинчик, оладьи
63.	curd pancakes	-	сырники
64.	paste	-	паста, паштет,
65.	pickles	-	соленья, маринады
66.	pickled	-	маринованный
67.	pie	-	пирог
68.	patty	-	пирожок
69.	porridge	-	жидкая овсяная каша
70.	ravioli	-	равиоли, пельмени
71.	rice cereal	-	рисовая каша

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72.	recipe	-
73.	to roast	-
74.	roasted	-
75.	Russian beet salad	-
76.	salad (carrot, cucumber,	-
	beetroot, egg, tomato, cabbage,
	vegetable salad)
77.	snack bar	-
78.	semolina	-
79.	soft drink/strong drink	-
80.	starter	-
81.	spicy food	-
82.	to stick to a diet	-
83.	stuffed	-
84.	stewed	-
85.	soup(milk soup, mushroom	-
	soup, chicken-noodle soup,
	fish soup, pea-soup)
86.	to taste smth	-
87.	to wait on smb	-
88.	I’m thirsty	-
89.	I’m hungry	-
90.	I’m starving	-

рецепт жарить, запекать

жареный(о мясе) винегрет салат(из моркови, огурцов,

свеклы, яиц, помидоров, капусты, овощной салат) закусочная манная каша

безалкогольный/алкогольный напиток закуска острая пища

соблюдать диету фаршированный тушенный суп (молочный суп, грибной

суп, куриный суп с лапшой, уха, гороховый суп) пробовать что-либо обслуживать кого-либо

яхочу пить

яхочу есть

яочень хочу есть

(умираю от голода)

II. Read, translate and retell the text:

Meals

Living in Russia one cannot but stick to a Russian diet. Keeping this diet for an Englishman is fatal. The Russians have meals four times a day and their cuisine is quite intricate.

Every person starts his or her day with breakfast. Englishmen are sentenced to either a continental or an English breakfast. From the Russian point of view, when one has it continental it actually means that one has no breakfast at all, because it means drinking a cup of coffee and eating a bun. A month of continental breakfasts for some Russians would mean starving. The English breakfast is a bit better, as it consists of one or two fried eggs, grilled sausages, bacon, tomatoes and mushrooms. The English have tea with milk and toast with butter and marmalade. As a choice one may have corn flakes with milk and sugar or porridge.

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Round about 11 in the morning some Englishmen who work have their tea or coffee break. In the morning Americans have a bowl of cereal or bacon eggs, toast with jelly and a cup of tea or coffee. They also like pancakes with maple syrup.Then at mid-day, say from I till 2, the city pavements are full of people on their way to cafes. This is lunch time in Great Britain. At lunch people seldom eat soup. Those who have lunch at home may eat chicken or clear soup but not always. They usually have a meat course and a sweet dish. Englishmen like steaks, chops, roast-beef, Yorkshire pudding or fish and chips. A meat course is served with plenty of vegetables: peas, beans, or cauliflower.

A sweat dish is perhaps fruit and pudding or a pie with tea to follow. The usual noon time meal consists of something light, and quick to eat. It could range from a hot, dog or hamburger from a restaurant or something they have packed in a brown bag. Afternoon tea can hardly be called a meal. Tea drinking is quite a tradition with the English. Strong tear is mostly drunk with sugar and cream or milk. Such tea is known as English tea. Tea with lemon is called Russian tea in England.

The evening meal, when all the family gather round the table after their working day, goes under various names: tea, high tea, dinner or supper. It is usually a meat course followed by tinned fruit or a cake and tea. In Great Britain they have dinner at five or six. Soup may be served then, but one should not be misled by the word "soup". British soup is just thin paste and a portion is three times smaller than in Russia. A lot of British prefer to eat out "Fish and Chips" shops are very popular with their take-away food. The more sophisticated public goes to Chinese, Italian, seafood or other restaurants and experiments with shrimp, inedible vegetables and hot drinks.

When outing, that is on a picnic, the English load their lunches on baskets with all sorts of hamburgers or sandwiches made of slices of bread and butter with ham, cheese, raw tomatoes, cabbage leaves in between. Americans seldom eat large lunches and don't enjoy very many "sweets".

In Russia people may have anything for breakfast. Some goodhumoured individuals even prefer soup, but, of course, sandwiches and coffee are very popular. Russians like fried or boiled potatoes with some sausage or ham or a chop (cutlet). Sometimes we prefer an omelette, boiled or fried eggs or just some porridge.

The heart of a Russian person fills with joy when the hands of the clock approach three o'clock. His or her dinner includes three courses. A Russian will have a starter (salad, herring, cheese, etc.), soup, steaks, chops, or fish fillets with garnish, a lot of bread, of course, and something to drink. For the I-st course we eat chicken soup or cabbage soup (shchi), or beetroot

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and cabbage 'soup (borshch), noodle soup or just broth. Some people choose mushroom soup or fish-soup. For the 2-nd course Russians eat different kinds of salad (meat salad, fish. salad, vegetable salad), fried, boiled or stewed meat or fish. At times we cook a roast chicken, especially on holidays. For the 3-d course (for dessert) we have a glass of juice, a piece of a cake or a pie (cookies) if we aren’t on a diet.

At four or five the Russians may have a bite: waffles, cakes with juice, tea, cocoa, or something of the kind.

Supper in Russia means one more big meal at seven. The table groans with food again. Some people prefer mashed potatoes with pickled or fresh vegetables, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, onions (leek). Others eat stewed cabbage with a beefsteak or fried liver or kidneys. Russians also like stuffed peppers, tomatoes, squashes, potatoes. A special Russian dish is, "pyelmeni", a kind of ravioli - small cases of pasta containing chopped meat. After that we have a glass of milk or stewed fruit with biscuits, crackers, or sweets (candies). But if you are thirsty you drink a coke, lemonade, some beer or even champagne.

Most Russians have never counted calories and they are deeply convinced that their food is healthy. Some housewives may admit that it takes some time to prepare all the stuff, including pickles, home-made preserves and traditional Russian pies and pancakes. But they don't seem to mind too much and boil, fry, roast, grill, broil, bake and make. Paraphrasing a famous proverb one can say:

“What is a Russian man's meal is a British man's poison”. Americans often have dinner at about 5:00 p. m.

It is usually the largest meal of the day. It consists of milk, vegetable and some type of meat. Americans also enjoy carrots, peas, spinach, beets, tomatoes, green beans, squash and many other types of vegetables.

The meat could be chicken, turkey, beef or pork. Many Americans enjoy a salad with their dinner. They either have vegetables from a can or they buy them fresh from the supermarket.

Americans seldom have dessert and if, they do it is usually very light. They seldom sit at the table and eat for very long; they “eat and run”.

But many people have different tastes and enjoy different food.

III. Read, translate and reproduce the dialogues: Dialogue 1

At the Savoy restaurant:

Stanley: Let's study the menu now and see what's on it tonight. Waiter: Good evening, gentlemen. Are you ready to order now?

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Borisov: I'm afraid I don't understand the names of all dishes on the menu, Mr Stanley. Could you help me and recommend what to take?

Stanley: With pleasure. H-m-m, would you like mushroom soup? Borisov: No, thank you. I seldom eat soup in the evening.

Stanley: Then you can order roast-beef with fried potatoes. It's a traditional English dish and it's usually delicious.

Borisov: Fine.

Waiter: How about you, sir?

Stanley: Well, I'm pretty hungry. I'll start with chicken soup, then I'd like a steak with green salad. And bring us a bottle of red wine, please.

Waiter: Would you like to order dessert now? There is a choice of fruit or ice-cream.

Borisov: I prefer fruit.

Stanley: So do I. What about some cheese? Borisov: No cheese for me, thank you.

Stanley: I think I'll have some. And we'll finish with black coffee, if you don't mind.

Borisov: That sounds nice.

Waiter: Thank you, gentlemen. I hope you'll enjoy yourselves.

Dialogue 2

P.: I say, Ben, how about having dinner together?

B.: Well, it’s just the right time. They serve good meals here and the prices are quite reasonable.

P.: I’ve already reserved a table. Come along! B.: What shall we take?

P.: You know what I’d like? A typical English dinner.

B.: O. K., then. What about a juicy piece of roast beef, just slightly underdone and Yorkshire pudding?

P.: All right. I'll try that.

B.: Good. We'll have roast beef to begin with and Yorkshire pudding to follow.

W.: Very good. Any drinks, sir?

P.: I wouldn't mind having a brandy.

B.: Well, brandy and coffee for two. Waiter, how much is our bill? W.: One pound and ten pence.

B.: Here's a five pound note.

W.: Three pounds and ninety change. B.: Right. Thanks.

W.: Thank you.

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