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НИЖЕГОРОДСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ. Н.А. ДОБРОЛЮБОВА

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

ПО СТИЛИСТИКЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ V КУРСА ЗАОЧНОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ

Нижний Новгород 2005

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета ГОУ НГЛУ им. Н.А. Добролюбова. Специальность: 022600 – ТМПИЯК. Дисциплина: стилистика английского языка.

УДК 811.111’38(075.8)

ББК 81.432.1-93

П 968

Учебное пособие по стилистике английского языка для студентов V курса заочного отделения. – Нижний Новгород: НГЛУ им. Н.А. Добролюбова, 2005 – 95 с.

Пособие содержит материалы, необходимые для успешного овладения курсом стилистики английского языка, в том числе сборник упражнений, тесты для самоконтроля и тексты для стилистического анализа. Материалы предназначены для самостоятельной и аудиторной работы студентов заочного отделения.

Составитель канд. филол. наук, И.Н. Пьянзина (кафедра английской филологии)

Рецензент канд. филол. наук, доцент К.М. Рябова (кафедра английской филологии)

© Издательство ГОУ НГЛУ им. Н.А. Добролюбова, 2005

Stylistic phonetics

Exercise I. Indicate the functions and the type of the following phonetic means of speech characterization. State the additional information about the speaker supplied by graphon:

1. “Dis way, sir. Dis way, sir. I have a very nice little table,” he gasped. “Just the little table for you, sir, over in de corner. Dis way.”

(K. Mansfield)

2. “If you let one guy get away with it, they’re all gonna try it.” (S. Sheldon)

3. “Mike’s into wimming’, juke boxes, garbage collectin’, linen supplies. Like that.” (S. Sheldon)

4. “Do you want to tell me what happened?” “Hey, you lookin’ for my life story, you gotta pay me for it. I gotta sell it for da movin’ wimming. Maybe I’ll star in it myself.” “That mighty white of ya, sweetheart. Ya sure ya don’t wanna change your mind ‘bout that piece of ass?” “Tell ya what doll, you crawl inta my skin and I’ll crawl inta yours, and then you’n me’ll rap ‘about hate.” (S. Sheldon)

5. “I killed the somabitch. The motha’ was comin’ at me with this great big butcher knife, and –”. (S. Sheldon)

6. “Get the fuck outa here, lady. I din’t sen’ for ya.” He rose to his feet again. “An’ don’t come round heah botherin’ me no more, you heah? I’m a busy man”. (S. Sheldon)

7. “… They’re real.” “The books?” He nodded. “Absolutely real – have pages and everything. I thought they’d be a nice durable cardboard. Matter of fact, they’re absolutely real. Pages and – Here! Lemme show you.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

8. “Wha’s matter?” he inquired calmly. “Did we run outa gas?” … “At first I din’ notice we’d stopped.” … “Wonder’ff tell me where there’s a gas’line station?” At least a dozen men, some of them a little better off than he was, explained to him that the wheel and the car were no longer joined by any physical bond. “Back out,” he suggested after a moment. “Put her in reverse.” “But the wheel’s off!” He hesitated. “No harm in trying,” he said. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

9. He (the policeman) looked up as Tom’s broad hand fell sharply on his shoulder. “What you want, fella?”

“What happened? – that’s what I want to know.”

“Auto hit her. Ins’antly killed.”

“Instantly killed,” repeated Tom, staring.

“She ran out ina road. Son-of-a-bitch didn’t even stopus car.”

“There was two cars,’ said Michaelis, ‘one comin’, one goin’, see?”

“Going where?” asked the policeman keenly.

“One goin’ each way. Well she’ – she ran out there an’ the one comin’ from N’ York knock right into her, goin’ thirty or forty miles an hour.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

10. His (Mr Wolfsheim’s) nostrils turned to me in an interesting way. “I understand you’re looking for a business gonnegtion.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

11. “He’s an Oggsford man. He went to Oggsford College in England. You know Oggsford College?” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

12. …She had a bottle of Sauterne in one hand and a letter in the other. “ ‘Gratulate me,” she muttered. “Never had a drink before, but oh how I do enjoy it.” “What’s the matter, Daisy?” “Here, deares”. She groped around in a waste-basket she had with her on the bed and pulled out the string of pearls. “Take ‘em downstairs and give ‘em back to whoever they belong to. Tell ‘em all Daisy’s change’ her mine. Say: “Daisy’s change’ her mine!” ” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

13. “My dear man. You’ve no idea. Still. Gels that age. Well, how about some tea? Yes? We’re out in the garden.” (J. Fowles)

14. “For the little I eat I’ve got all the teeth I want. It’d only fidget me to ‘ave a lot of elephant’s tusks in me mouth.” (W.S. Maugham)

15. “Some feller knocked all of a heap by your fatal beauty.”

(W.S. Maugham)

16. Then the Australian guy, Dan, who lives below me, opened his window.

“Oy, Bridgid,” he shouted. “There’s water pouring through me ceiling.”

Then Dan appeared in the hall. “Chrisd,” he said. “You’d biddah have one of these.”

“Thanks,” I said, practically eating the proffered fag. (H. Fielding)

17. “Just going to the ladies,” I said through clenched teeth like a ventriloquist keeping my face fixed, to reduce the appearance of wrinkles.

“Are you all right, Bridge?” said June.

“Fn,” I replied stiffly. (H. Fielding)

18. Ugh. By 4.45 I was running hysterically between the concrete flower tubs, gabbling. “ ‘scuse me, are you employed? Never mind. ‘hanks.”

(H. Fielding)

19. “Yurrr. Who’s ‘e bloody think he is?” said Shaz. “Owe it to you! Hggnah! You shoulssay, “Honey, I don’t need anyone in my life becauseey owe it to me” ”. (H. Fielding)

20. I saw then that he had the small slit eyes of an idiot, and the red, wet mouth. He smiled at me, showing toothless gums. “G’day,” he said. “Dirty, ain’t it?” (D. du Maurier)

21. “Good mawnin’.”

“’Tain’t mawnin’, Sally Carrol.”

“Sure enough!” she said in affected surprise. “ I guess may be not.”

“What you doin’?”

“Eatin’ green peach. ‘Spect to die any minute.”

Clark twisted himself a last impossible notch to get a view of her face.

“Water’s warm as a kettle steam, Sally Carrol. Wanta go wimming’?”

“Hate to move,” sighed Sally Carrol lazily, “but I reckon so.”

(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

22. “This is Behavioral Science? I’m trying to get through to Jack Crawford, this is Sheriff Dumas in Clarendon Country, Virginia. We got a fella in the morgue that’s been trimmed up for meat, have I got the right department?” (Th. Harris)

23. He shrugged. “After the hospital, they had the methadone clinic here, a few months. They put everything in the basement, some bads, some linens, I don’t know what it was. It’s bed in there for my asthma, the mold, very bed mold. The mattresses on the bads were moldly, bed mold on the bads. I kint breed in dere. The stairs are hal on my leck. I would show you, but- ?” (Th. Harris)

24. Raymond tugs at my arm. “Well, as her best friend, you ought to know this. This young lade is very, very smart. I’ll betcha she’s smarter than my grandsons, and they went to Harvard. This young lady didn’t even go to college!” (C. Bushnell)

25. Hurrah! A magic-of-Christmas miracle. Daniel just called “Jonesh” he slurred. “I love you, Jonesh. I made tebble mishtake. Stupid Suki made of plastic. Breast point north at all times. I love you, Jonesh. I comin’ round to check how your skirts is.” Daniel. Gorgeous, messy, sexy, exciting, hilarious Daniel. (H. Fielding)

26. Harold’s face was flushed and his words ran together at the ends of sentences. “You find it more, Ahearn,” said Harold, nodding emphatically, “’f I’ve an’thin’ do ‘th it.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

27. Mapp picked up the small-caliber gun. “The second I think you’re lying, Nursey, I’m gonna darken your stool, do you believe me?” (Th. Harris)

28. “It’s beautiful!” he cried excitedly. “My golly, it’s beautiful, isn’t it! They haven’t had one since eighty-five!” (F.Sc. Fitzgerald)

29. “Hey, Constance? Did you enjoy the wedding?” It was Mark, holding out a glass of champagne for Magda.

“What?” said Constance, looking up at Mark with round eyes.

“The wedding? In the church?”

“The parpy?”

“Yes,” he said laughing, “the party in the church.”

“Well, Mummy took me out,” she said, looking at him as if he were an imbecile. (H. Fielding)

30. “Hi. It’s Sharon. How’s it going with Mark?”

“He’s here,” I whispered keeping my teeth and mouth clenched in the same position so Mark would not lip-read.

“What?”

“’E’s ‘ere,” I hissed clenched-teethedly. (H. Fielding)

Exercise II. State the functions and the type of the graphical expressive means in the following examples:

1. “Bles – sed pre – cious,” she crooned, holding out her arms. “Come to your own mother that loves you.”

The child, relinquished by the nurse, rushed across the room and rooted shyly into her mother’s dress.

“The bles – sed pre – cious! Did mother get powder on your old yellowy hair? Stand up now, and say – How – de – do.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

2. “You young men think you can force your way in here any time,” she scolded. “We’re getting sickantired of it. When I say He’s in Chicago, he’s in Chicago.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

3. At first I couldn’t find the source of the high, groaning words that echoed clamorously through the bare passage – then I saw Wilson standing on the raised threshold of his office … His eyes would drop slowly from the swinging light to the laden table by the wall. And then jerk back to the light again, and he gave out incessantly his high, horrible call: “Oh, my Ga – od! Oh, my Ga – od! Oh, my Ga – od! Oh, my Ga – od!” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

4. “Bridge, are you there? Pick up, pick up. Come on, Bridge, pleeeeeease.” (H. Fielding)

5. ‘A little background first.’ Doemling consulted his notes. ‘We knooowww Hannibal Lecter was born in Lithuania. His father was a count, title dating from the tenth century, his mother high-born Italian, a Visconti …’

(Th. Harris)

6. To his great surprise Kismine began to weep.

“Yes – th – that ’s the – whole t-trouble. I grew qu–quite attached to some of them. So did Jasmine, but she kept inv–viting them anyway. I couldn’t understand it.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

7. “Julie!” she called. “Ah – h – h – ow! My thu – mb! Oh – h – h – h, t’urts,” Julie was crying in her arms. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

8. “LET – go that – oh – h – h! Please, now, will you? Don’t start drinking again! Come on – give me the bottle. Come on. Come on – leave it with me – I’ll half in the bottle. Pul – lease.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

9. Tom laughed and Amory continued triumphantly.

“We want to believe. Young students try to believe in older authors, constituents try to believe in their Congressmen, countries try to believe in their statesman, but they can’t. Too many voices, too much scattered, illogical, ill-considered criticism.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

10. “I was talking to her about a plan I have – she told me that how long you both stayed in France depended on you.”

On you, Rosemary all but said aloud. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

11. “There’s going to be a duel.”

“Wh - at?” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

12. “I’m a doctor of medicine.”

“Oh-h!” she smiled delightedly. “My father was a doctor too. Then why don’t you – ” she stopped. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

13. “I’ve loved you so – ” As if it had been for years. She was weeping a little now. “I’ve loved you so-o-o.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

14. “It must be a very good story.”

“It’s a terr-r-rible story.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

15. Oh, we are such actors – you and I. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

16. “Good-bye, Blue Grottoo,” sang the boatman, “come again soo-oon.”

(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

17. “Awesome name,” said the receptionist. “Is that Jewels as in Tiffany?”

“No. J.O.U.L.E.S. As in the unit of kinetic energy,” the girl said proudly. (H. Fielding)

18. This was certainly the case during my five years in London. The moment anyone there heard me speak assumed Iw as bordering on clinical stupidity and would therefore speak v-e-r-y s-l-o-w-l-y or expected me to act like some sort of latter day court jester: they would goad me into saying words like ‘actually’ (ack-chur-lie) ‘going’ (gewin’) and ‘Birmingham’ (Bhuuuuur-ming-gum), thus revealing my accent in its fullest sing-song glory. (M. Gayle)

19. “OhmyGod. OhmyGOD,” said the receptionist. “I’ll call the hospital. I’ll call the emergency services.” (H. Fielding)

20. “Where are you?” bellowed Barry. “I’ve just rung the hotel and you’re not there. What are you doing?”

“I. Am. Do. Ing. It,” she said. “I’m just doing a bit of extra research.”

(H. Fielding)

21. “I don’t like Americans. They’re selfish, selfish.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

22. “I must ask you to leave.”

“You ask me! We are leaving!” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

23. “It’s Gary,” went the entryphone.

“Oh hi, hi. Gareeeee!” I overcompensated without a blind idea who he was. “How are you?” I said, thinking, and come to mention it, who?

(H. Fielding).

24. “Brigiiiiiiiit! Have you got a fag?”

“No, I’ve given up.”

“Oh blimey, no wonder you look so ….”

“What?”

“Oh, nothing, nothing. Just a bit … drawn.” (H. Fielding)

25. “Well, Bridget!” she bellowed so that everyone could hear. “How many did you get?”

I slumped into my seat muttering, “Shud-urrrrrrrp,” out of the side of my mouth like a humiliated teenager. (H. Fielding)

Exercise III. Indicate the causes and effects of the following cases of alliteration, assonance:

1. Rain on Rahoon falls softly, softly falling. (J. Joyce)

2. Wind whines and whines the shingle,

The crazy pierstakes groan

A senile sea numbers each single

Slimesilvered stone. (J. Joyce)

3. O you who present a smooth smiling face to the world… (J. Joyce)

4. He swallowed the hint with a gulp and a gasp and a grin. (R. Kipling)

5. Mr McKee was a pale, feminine man from the flat below. His wife was shrill, languid, handsome, and horrible. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

6. O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being,

Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead

Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,

Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,

Pestilence-stricken multitudes… (P.B. Shelly)

7. You, lean, long, lanky lath of a lousy bastard! (S. O’Casey)

8. I’ve seen a Dying Eye

Run round and round a Room –

In search of Something – as it seemed –

Then Cloudier become –

And often – obscure with Fog –

And then – be soldered down –

Without disclosing what it be

‘Twere blessed to have seen – (E. Dickinson)

9. O resistless, restless race!

O beloved race in all! O my breast aches with tender love fro all!

O I mourn and yet exult – I am rapt with love for all,

Pioneers! O pioneers! (W. Whitman)

10. For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams

Of the beautiful ANNABEL LEE;

And the stars never rise but I see the bright eyes

Of the beautiful ANNABEL LEE;

And, so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side

Of my darling, my darling, my life and me bride,

In her sepulchre there by the sea –

In her tomb by the sounding sea. (E.A. Poe)

Exercise IV. Differentiate between cases of direct and indirect onomatopoeia, state its stylistic effect:

1. With spenders spread like wings we scattered light through half Astoria – only half, for as we twisted among the pillars of the elevated I heard the familiar ‘jug-jug-spat!’ of a motorcycle, and a frantic policeman rode alongside. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

2. I had on a new plaid skirt also that blew a little in the wind, and whenever this happened the red, white, and blue banners in front of all the houses stretched out stiff and said tut-tut-tut-tut, in a disapproving way. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

3. Somewhere in the far distance, a clock struck nine. The gentle musical beat-beat-beat of its chimes came to me from a long way off, but it was a familiar sound. (J.H. Chase)

4. Listen to the beat of our horses’ hoofs – ‘tump-tump-tump-a-tump.’

(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)

5. Feramo stood beside her at the stern, listening to the genteel phut-phut of the motor gliding them out into the blackness of the open sea.

(H. Fielding)

6. “Now, Dinah, tell me the truth, did you ever eat a bat?” when suddenly, thump! thump! Down she came upon a heap of dry leaves, and the fall was over. (L. Carroll)

7. Streaked by a quarter moon, the Mediterranean shushed gently into the beach. (I. Shaw)

8. The western wave was all a-flame. (S.T. Coleridge)

9. Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?

Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find

Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,

Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;

Or on a half-reap’d furrow sound asleep,

Drows’d with the fume of poppies, while thy hook

Spares the next swath and all its twinted flowers …. (J. Keats)

10. Thou

For whose path the Atlantic’s level powers

Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below

The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear

The sapless foliage of the ocean, know

Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,

And tremble and despoil themselves: oh, hear! (P.B. Shelly)