Лабораторная по химии (комплексные соединения)

TEMA 7

KOMl1.lrnKOHUE OO~ ,

TapMHH "KOMIIJIORCaOEJ

C06,n;ItH6lm&"

:e ca06M qopllOHl:NaJIbHOM s~a'!:6-

mm OTHOCH'I'CR

K MOJl6KYJlElM l!:JrH nOHElM, OQ~OJllK811\HM ,aTOM' (A), '!t KOTO­

POMY npuc06~aHll ~yrn6 aTOMli (B)

HJllI rpyrnru' (0)

llROJlj.N9CTB9,

npallHwa~OM

TO,

KOTOP06

COOTB6TCrllY6T

KJlBOCH'!:acKOft

(iJT9XltOM9TpHqaCKott). BBJl9HTHOCTU aToMa (A).

OOrJlBOHO l'i:OM9H}UlaTypHHM,

'

J

OpallHJlBM ~, JlIDOoa

OOO~6lm9, OOPBBOllBHa09 nyT6M npH009~9HHH

O~Horo HJIH H90KOJlbKHX HOHOB H/HJIH, MQJl9KYJl K O~OMY RnH'OOJl9S HOHBM

WRnH MOJlSXYJlBM H8!3LIl3El9TCR xoop~alUioamtM

009,n;ItH6HH6M' 'H.1m: qpOO'l'O

KOMIIJl6KOOM.

ATOM (A) HaSHBalOT LWHTPaJlbHHM aTOMOM, a

IlTOMJi (B)'1I rpYmm (0)

Ha3HBBlOTCR JIHraH.ll,8MH.

KalK,lllia ~sHTPaJlbHmt ,BTOM'HM96T xapaKTepHcTR:":

'!:apaa ~Ba H OOJloe KOOP,n;IUiHpYlOIJ!IIlX

aToMoa.

H8;lHBBSTCR X9J1aTlruM.

t.toc­

THKOllaR

rpynns -

J1HrBiA.

nPHcoS~g9MHa

K

HSCKOJIbKHM' ~SHTPSnbHHM

.

'

.

'

,.

.

B'l'oM'aM.

t.!Horofl.nsp'l'llUl: XOMII~xc,"'-

KOMIIJIeKO,

co.neJll!l8ll\mt

OOJISS o.ztl{oro,

l.\6HT);lBJIhHOrO sTdM~ (R.llJ?a).

,

,

' "

,

TIPH Hstmcamm fl)JPMYJI,KOMrtJlSKCOB CIlMBOJI UI;lH'I'p,8J1bHOrO B'l'OMB yKB­

8HS9':!'Cg

as

napSOM

MEIDl'S, as'HHf,t' CJI9,1lym, BOHaHa J{,Hoit'I'pMhllHaJDtra­

~. a

Bach ,KOMrtJlSKC a8KJIm'l.Bm B

XB~BTHHe, CKO~l(H. HanpHMSP"

KOM­

,K

[Fe{ON)6 1• ,

, '

4

, B aaasBflHSIX ~at!TPaJtt:.HWtaToM llaaHSBlOT nOCJl9.mwSHAOB, npli: STOM

Boar,llB

YHa~HBfIDT 3 apRA qaH'I'pBm.1tOrO aTOMS. IlpHMapu:

.

L

Ug(NHJ)2101 - XJI0~,!I;HaMMJniooapa6pB(I);

2. K4{l'e(CN)6] - reKCSI1,U8H$ppST(II) KBJlHR..

MOCTHKOSBR rpy-rma Yt<sBHsaaTcRrpO'tleCKOA OY,KllO:lt 11. ~OTOPB!l CTB­

mlTCR aanOCp9,1tC'l'BaHHO napa,lt HB3SBM9M BTOArpyrni:u. n~ep!i:

[(NH3)50~OH~CI'(NHJ)5]015'- XJI0pH.ltI1-:-rH,ZqJOKCO-Oll:o(n9HTSaMMHH­

xpoMa) (III).

i (00) 3J!a (00),PEl (CO) J J -

TpH-jJ.-xapOOHlLll:':(jHc (TpRKapOotnlJllK9JIsao ). ,

,UeTIO'tS'IllHeC'I'pyt<Typll 0003HS'lS!OT nOcp9,l1CTaOM

npeif.MKca i RaT9HIl-,

HstrPHM9p. 'KOM'ItlloKc caCUOL},

HM9lOU\IDtCTpoeIDI6 ,KOOP,I\l'lHS~OHHOro no-

J!HM!?,pa: ,

'

,

Cl'

Cl

,

.,.,

I

Cu•.. J

[ ••. CI--Cu--CL-- "n­

,01

01

HsaliaalO'l' KBT9Ha-)J.-XJloPO-,ll;HXJJOpJlCynpST (II) ~93HR.

,B PBCTBo:rax

l<oMl!Jlaiwll

,JW:COOIJ;HKpYlOT, HS HOHIl'

.BHOl1lH:o:\il: 'C({x3PhI H

BH.Ytpe~, C!Ilapy

1<oMi!JlaRca

RBK cH,tlbHi;.Is

8J1ElKTP0JrnTH. Hanpll.Msp:

K,j.[Fe(CN)61

4 K+ rI-

[Fe(CN}614­

o6~aaY~CR

ROMnJlORCHH:Iil:'HoH

cnoco6eH k ~aJl~Heftl1la ,,JW:OCO~HSUKH

[Fe(CN)6

, ' '[Fe(CN)51J- +ON:-.

K

t

...... ',_ . ' ...... III; .......... ,•• ., .. " ...... ' ................... " .. ..

[Fe (CN) J+Fe2+ + CN-,K6

a,lleCh Ki - KO~CTaHTH HacTo.!!:KocTR KOMIIJIOKCa no ,i·-on' cTyneIDl. laCTo

,~cco~ar.r;sm; ~i' CMHCJI I~OTOpbOt Rcen

liB yPaBH9ID1R:

,

,I,

.

.

[Fe(CN)6J4- +==" [FE!(CN)5J3- + CN-, ,K,

;;; ~1

[Fe(CN~!l114-

[l!'e(CN)4J2- +2

CN-,

~2

'" K1'~"

~JIH,

B OO~OM ~9.

k

~k ",n

Kr

1=1

, '

B CnpaBo'lHHX T8!JJlHl1.8X O!JHttHO ntmBO~RTC'lr He

oaMli KOHCT8HT1i

He-

CTOtlliOCTR

~, a HX O'I'pHLt8TaJrbtnlO JlorapHJP.m - pp.

KaKCJIe,nyeT_,}!t'I

on':"

p€l~eJleHliSI.

KOMIIJI8KC

TOM

YCTo1t<1HBge, ,'lOM

MeHbme

ero KOHCTBliTB. HO­

CTO:t\'KOCTH,

TO "€lOTh,

'leM

llwe p~. 3HEllm9

,KPHCTSU'l' HecT01tKocTR, n03­

.!I,JUt

[HgC14 J2-

+ 4 1- j

.~

[HgI4 J2-

+ 4 C1-,

K

(7.1)

,SToro

CpaBHHM

KOllCT8HTH

F.60TCil1toO'1't{

T9TpaRo~OMopRypaT(II)-HoHa H T9Tp8XJlOPOMOPKYPST(II)-HoHa:

[Hgi4J~-

ng2+ + 4

1-,'

PP4 = 29.83

('7.2)

[Hg014]2- ,.----. ag2++4, OL-,

PP'4 = 15.07 . (7 . 3)

CpsBHHBsa PP ,paBROBBOd i (7.2) it(? 3), ~, ;"1'1'0 "o~

KOWtlIB}!;O (jOJlaB YOTOit'nm, OJlQ,ztOBS'tB.1Jl>IlO.

PSilHoBBcnB (7.1) c,!I;BHHY'l'O

pHMBp. XJIop~ capB6ps AgOl MO~O U~P9BBCTH B'PBCTBOP' ss

C'IBT'PBaK­

~;

AgOlt + 2 L~ [AgLzl+

+ en-,

.11:

(7.4)

RoHOTBHTYPflllHOBBOHR

(7.4)

MOEaO OUPS,ztSJmTb. PSOCMBTpHBSR PSB­

HOBBCIDI:

!

-- .

+

- , nn

-10

'

Agalt

4 ---

Ag

+ 01.

lLrAgell = 1.78·10

• ltIIl'l.

PIIPAgOl = 9.75

l'l

-

Ag+ + 2 L <==!:

[AgL2l+. pp-1", -pP,

OTClI,ztS. ROUO.

liTO KoaCTSHTS PSBHOSSCHII(7 .4)pBaa:S

o;rnomamuo

L,HJtK, pK

'" llIIPAgOl - pp~I{T0611 PSCTBOpRMOCTb XJIOPH.AS OBpBOpaOll­

JIB 3SM~'I1IoA.HYIKHo" 'lT06il KOHCTSHTS PSBHOB9CHfi

(7.4):\ OIlJla,!l.OC'1'STO­

'Uto

~e.nm<s..

,IliIlH

eT.oro' HYlKHO,

'1To6h1, ~13,

dllJIO dli

ops_o cpl:J:pAiel

HJtK

CloJlhllla

aro.

,ltna KoMl!JleRca

[Ag(Nlf3 )2]+ P~2 '"

7.::14:1t SMMRBK upl'l":'

ro,u;aH .~PsoTBOpelmR'XJIOp~S cspeelpa,

HO He_~O,!l.eH ~RpaoTBo-

. pelOOl'HoAHJ.\s cBJleClpa AgI, IIP

KO'l'OporO

8.3·10 1

, (pIIP!gI '" 16.08).

CJlB,!I.OBSTBJIbHO, AlIa pSOTaOpBHltR H0AHJ.\S CBPBClpS HYlIIBH JIlU'/iH,l1;. O,OPB­

l3y~ C 'HOROM cap90ps l<QMl1Jl91W. p~ KOToporo

" 16.08. B' TSO.mnt9

KOfiOTaHT HaXO,lJiRM. 'ITO ~ SToro

nPlrrP,!I.9N HOAHJ.\-HOH - p~ KOMITJl9RCa

[AgI2 ] - ..: 15.74. Mlt U)tBHl!;lt-HOR

- PP

KOMlT,l!BKca

[Ag( ON) 2]::- = 19; 85 •

CJlB,n;ye'l'.Taiaw HMBTb B~. 'ITO

ClOJlb1llHHCTBO peBKnd KOWBKCO­

3

aKBoKOMIIJ19KCOB. TaK. HSnpl1MSp,paBROBSC1'lBM'l,ZIJlOJlR3a.HOHB Al +, 33

IDlCllBaBMoe

06HttltOB ~e1

Al3+ + II2°;::=::::::::! AIOH2+ + H+.

npSBHJIbHBB

npB,ll.CTSBHTb

ypaBHBHH8M:

[Al(~O)6]:3+

[Al'(H20),OH)2+ + H+.

.a PSBHOBBCHB

KOMITJlBKCOo6paaOBIillmH ,HOHB

aJllIDIKlUI

A13+ .<3

!fJTopl'l,n-:­

HOllBMH, npB,i!.OTBBJlRBTCOOOft PBBKI:.IIDo

aaMsmSHHR KoopromnpOBa:rnrux MOJl8­

KY.n BOp;!l,

qrrO~-HOH8MH. 06pS3Y~

C

HOROM Ai3+ 60Jlss

npO'l:KYB

KoMl!JlaKCH; ,

. [Al(H 0)6]3+ + n F- ~

[Al(~P)6_nFnJ3-n + n tt20

2

. r,!l.S n

= 1, •• 6.

.

PABOTA 7.1

'

.

n~ KOMI1JIEI\CHHX coE.I(W1'Effi1J:t

OnaT.!.Do.ny'lSlma

Ta'1'paHOAOBJlCMYTaT(III)~HOHS.

II

npo6HPKY..1lSJIllTb

3-'4"l(sl'LIm pacTBopa HltTpBTB BHcMyTS (III) 1'1 no

KSll,IlllM ,ll.06SBJlIITb 0.5H paC'l'BOp liOW.,I\B KSJlRll .no oopaaOBBHHll '!':3pnoro

OCS,l(1<r> JlO,l1,H.A8· -BHCMYTS (Ill h

2aTBM ,!I.06SSl'ITb S~B 2~3 Kan.JUt

poacTBOpa

HO~.nSKaJmR ,!I.O nOr.Horo pacTBopBHHR BllnsBmBro oCB~a eMaKpH'IeCKOI

ilXJpMYJIY Bil)' KI. K, IlO.ny'leIDIOMY PSoTBQP;V

,!I.OOSBHTb 10-20 KallSJlb

BOp;!l

11 Hs6JiJJ.nBTb nOBTopHoe

06jJS30BSHlt8 OCS)l,K8. RaRorO?

RaKOD

U,B9T

no'­

.ny'leUBoro pSCTBope? qBM oClyanOBJ!BHS 9'1'8, OKpaCl<a? 2SIDlcaTb ypSBHB­

HltA Boax 'pes~ H BIlPSlIte}Ufa ,lVU!.

KOHCTSHTli H9CTotti<OC'l'l'IKOMIIJlGKCnO­

rOHOHB. OCl~~CHHTb liS OCllOB8HHH SToro BHpazBHHR HadJID~&SMN9 HSM9­

HeHltR H. B 'l:SCTHOC'l'l'I. OTMBTlITb Il'jJK'DmY pSSpymBHHR KoMriJlBRca BO.nOtl:.

OnaT .• 110JlY'lBHltB

HO~B reKcaaMMllJ:lHID(BJtR ~II) .'

llbJlY'IHTb

OC8,!I.OR I'I'l,ltpOl<~a HHKSJlfl (II ) •. npH6sBHB B upo6HpK9 R

3-4 KSnnHM pSC1BOpSGYJl~aTS HHKSJlR pSBHYA Od~BM rH.u;pOR~a HaT~

pH,~,

OTMB'l'l'ITb QBsT Olla~s.

OT,ll.SJIRTb Bro 0'1', MST01ffiOrO pacTIicpa G

nOMollU>ll

U9HTPWWMipoBBHHR. K oca',u;Ky

I1JlH08BHTb 'no

K811J1llM

6 HpaCT­

BOp

9MMR9KS

~O n~nHorO~paCTBopeHHII

OCS~S. OTMB'l'l'ITb OKpaCl<Y uOJly­

'ISHHoro paCTBopa. cpaBHltTb

BB C ifcxo,nno1t ORp8OK01t paCTBOps CYJlT:4!a­

TS llKKBJlR. 06'bRCHltTh

Ha6JIK1~aBMOB RBJlBHHB. BarmCSTb ypa:aHeHltSpeBK-.

1.Utl\.

OnpS1I,9JJ:1-!Th ana'laHHS pH B pacTBopa

ROMITJli3Rca

1'i CPSBHltTb ero co

31la'l9Im9M pH B

pacTBop9 flMMKal(B. 1.{9M OCl'l:.ROIDlTb RaClJlll.ll;aaMoe paS'JIH­

qqe?

3a~caTb ypaBH6HH6

~cco~aUHK ~OMnn9KCS. OH~bHHl ~ cASd~

eTO

an6KTPQJlHT?

OTB6T MOTKBKpOB8TB.

OmlT _~. IloJlY'IeHH9 reK08~8Hoq;.eppBTa (II)

l'eK088MMi'1H1mlt9J1R (II).

B IIpoClKpKY

npHJI:HTh

,3

KSrIJm

pacTBopa

lKeJlToll

KpOB~Oi: COJLi!

K4 [F~ (ON) 6] H

5

KSneJlb,

pacTBopa

CYJlb!llSTB

HHKeJlR

,l\o OClPSSOB8IDlSi

, oca,l\l(a '. OTMBTHTb

ero 1J,B9 T.

K trO.ny'l9HHOMY ocs,L\KY no

K8IIJIl'iM lTpHClaB.,.

JlfI'l'b 6 H PIlOTBOp aMMHSKa'll.O nOJIHoro pacTBop9HHfI OC8,1\l(B.

"\Iepes 1-2

M\lliYT\i

HS paCTBOpEI HB'OOlSlOT

BlmS):IaTb

KpHCT8JIJIH OOJlll.

KaKoa e9

l.U!e,T?

S~rmoBTJ, ypElBHOHl{fI Bcex

peakWtll: H

ll.BTb OCl'LflOHeHl'le

HaClJlIll.n.ae­

O· ·H-o

"

H30'rlN-<!H

H30\

or,

I"II(JI

~

~

OBj

21+ [Ni(NH3 )6]2+ ~

-LNi, 6

+ 2 NH: + 4~

H 0/ '-OH

H o/~1

\~

\Oll

3

3

b-lf..b

,3

OTORtm::H OYJll4a'i'ElMe;o;H g papT1'3ope.

nOJIY'IlITb KOMIlJI9ROH09 C09,zorneHH9

Me~,)I;Jlfl

"Bro, nOMecTWfb

B,

rtpOc;lHpKY 10 ~sneJlh paCTBopa OYJIb¢lSTS

MElro'I

Rno

RSIIJiflM

.n.008BJ1ItTb

6

'11: :pacTBbp, sw.maKa, oTMatraR IIpOHOxo.n;fI1IlKe

HBM9R9IDlH -

oClpaBoBsHH9

,

I

YCTOWMBOCTl> ItOMI1llEKClIIDC' COElIWlEHlm

;.

OttuT'I. AKBoKOMITJlaKC Ko6ar.bTs{II) H Gro psspymeHHe

B ,!\Be~ npo6HpKH nOMeOTHTh no

4-5 RSn9,JIb ,HaCUII\~llllOrO

pacTBopa

TpeTblO H 'IIlTB9pTYJO

npoClHpKH

(cy;x:tIe) nOM9CTl'ITb no 1. MHKpOmnaT6JllO

COJlH ROOaJIbTS(II);

B olwi HS

1ll'lX BHGCrn 3-,4 KSt!.mt I3TBHOJIS, BlIP;;:"

-~,---..~~­

B npoOapKY

0 3-4 KBIlJIliW'l: PBOT1l0pa XJlO~B J(SJlaaB (In) }todaBl{Th

2-3 KBnnH O~01

H PBOTBOpB. pO~aHHAB aMMOHHIi NH4SON. K nOJly~sHHOMY

Ta6~a

KoHO'l'BH'l'H

H90,oro1tKOC'11f H9KOTOj)'W!: KOMnn9KOOB

.Mou

KoMMBRO 1tero ~ccoL\ll:aL\ll:1'I

p~

j

••

'\Ag+l

[Ag(Nu)2 J+ _-.-2

A8+ + 2NR3

7.24

: fAg12 F .---!

Ag+

+

21­

1.5.74

[ ···(8 ,']3-.~

-+

2­

Ag

2°31'2

- .

Ag +

2'

82°3

13.46

f.4g(ON)2T j

•

Af!,++' 2

(IN­

19.85

[ll,' )3- ~ A13+ + 6 P­

20.67

6

IBiI4]-

Bi3+ + 4 1­

14.95

[Cd(NH3)4J2+ ~ Cd2+ + 4 NH3

6.56

100(NH ) J2+

002+ + 6 NH

:3

4.39

36,

[OO(SCN)4]2- _ ,

002+ + 4 SCN­

2.20

'l,cu2+

..

ICu(NH)' ]2+.

'

ou2+ +

,1' NH

3

12.03

Fe3+

3,4

£Fe(SON)613- ~ Fe3+ + 6 SON­

3.23

,

[J' -

Fe

3+ .

;...

16.10

.'.~i1'

FeF6

-

+ 6 F

[F6(CN)6J3-

1e3+ + 6 mI­

31.00

3-'

. 3+,'

0

2­

20.20

I Fe(020 4 )3 J

Fa

+:3 .C

2

4

i.Fe2+

IFe(ON}6]4- +==:!Fe2+ ..

(j

CN­

24.00

Ni2+

[Ni(NH )6]N ~. N12++ 6 NH

J

7.91

Tf.n2+1

3

[Z~(NH3}4]2- .~Zn2+ + 4.

Nlt)

8.70

[Zn(GU) 4]2- r-- Zn2+ +

4

OU­

\

14.66

__

_________ ....._