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Вариант 9

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно: Australia

Australia is situated in the Southern Hemisphere, between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The official name of the country is the Commonwealth of Australia.

It is the largest island and the smallest continent. Its area is about eight million square kilometres. Australia lies to the south of Indonesia. The Tasman Sea, in the south-east, separates it from New Zealand. Warm seas surround the country, and sharks often come close to its coasts.

The population of Australia is more than eighteen million people. It is mostly concentrated along the coasts and in the south-east of the country, in the basin of the Murray and Darling Rivers. The Murray flows into the Indian Ocean.

There are several climatic zones in Australia: tropical, sub-tropical and dry.

The middle of the continent is a vast desert. One can find a lot of salt lakes and temporary rivers there. These rivers are called creeks. The creeks and lakes are filled with water only after rains and are dry during the rest of the year. The lakes are covered with salt then. The largest of them is 12 metres below the sea level.

When we have winter, it is summer in Australia, because it is situated in the Southern Hemisphere. The hottest month is January. The coldest month in Australia is July. They have winter then.

The landscape of Australia is rather flat. There are no high mountains there. The highest are the Australian Alps in the south. They are 2200 metres high.

The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal state. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It consists of six slates and two internal territories.

The head of the Commonwealth of Australia is the Queen or King of Great Britain, represented by the Governor-General. The Federal Parliament consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister heads the government.

The capital of Australia is Canberra. Its population is about three hundred thousand people.

Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide are the capitals of the states. They are also ports. The population of Sydney is about three million people. Melbourne has two and a half million inhabitants. The other cities are much smaller.

Australia is rich in mineral resources, such as coal, zinc, nickel, gold and uranium. It exports metals and some minerals. There are modern plants and factories in the country.

Australia has highly developed agriculture. They raise cattle and sheep. The country produces a lot of wool. They also grow wheat, vegetables and fruit. Tasmania is famous for its apples. Australia exports wool and wool products, meat, wheat, butter, fruit and sugar.

The animals that live in Australia are very interesting. They are not found in any I oilier part of the world. The kangaroo and koala have got a pouch, in which they carry their cubs. The dingo is a wild dog. The emu is a big bird that cannot fly.

The symbols of Australia are the kangaroo and the emu. They are depicted on Aistralia's coat of arms.

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