2 семестр / Работа № 4 / вариант 1

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Вариант 1

1.Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно:

Roof

The roof is a necessary component of practically every building. It serves to protect the interior of the building from rain, snow, wind, and cold. There exist many types of roofs, the main ones being sloping (pitched) roofs and flat (or nearly flat) ones.

It is a well-known fact that every roof should have a covering. The type of covering of a roof mainly depends on the form of the roof and some other factors. The pitched roof is known to dry itself quickly of water. There­fore it can be covered with roofing materials consisting of small individual units. To these belong, for Пример, slate, shingles of wood, tiles of fired clay or concrete. These materials are widely used and popular as roofing coverings since they have a number of useful qualities. Firstly, the small units they consist of are easy to install. Secondly, they are easy to repair since they are individual and small. Thirdly, it should be taken into ac­count that they are rather cheap. So if a pitched roof is manufactured of properly chosen material and is well installed, it looks beautiful and at­tractive. But, of course, pitched roofs have their disadvantages. Roofs of this kind should not be installed on broad and large buildings. They do not look attractive on such buildings. As to flat roofs, they can cover very broad buildings. Another advantage of these roofs is that they can serve as balco­nies and decks and even be landscaped parts of buildings they cover. But they also have some disadvantages. One of them is that water evaporates too slowly from their surfaces.

Different roof coverings are used and they serve different purposes: of them shingle and sheet metal roofs may cover any type of building. But as to thatched roofing it is mostly used for country buildings, historic res­torations and some types of specialized buildings.

2. Выпишите из текста термины, дайте транскрипцию и перевод

3. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What are the two main types of roof?

2. What factors does the covering of the roof depend on?

3. Which type of roof dries itself quickly of water?

4. Дополните предложения модальными глаголами can, can't, could or couldn't.

Пример: It was a huge hall and we were at the back, so we couldn't hear very well.

1. I ____ count to twenty in Italian.

2. Put up your hand if you_________ hear me.

3. There was a woman with a big hat in front of me. I _______ see a thing,

5. Дополните предложения нужной формой оборота be able to.

Пример: Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.

1. It was rather cheap I____________ buy it.

2. It took a long time, but in the end Frank______________ buy his own car.

6. Дополните предложения глаголами can, can't, could or couldn't, to be able to.

1. I generally leave work at seven, but I _______ leave ear­ler on Fridays.

2. He read the message but he ________ understand it.

3. Clare ________ sing really well when she was a young girl.

7. Выразите разрешение. Перепишите предложения, начиная их с данных слов

Пример: You're allowed to do whatever you like. => You can do whatever you like.

1. It's all right to have visitors after four o'clock.

You can ___________ ___________ ______________________ .

2. You can all go home as soon as you've finished work. You may ___________ ___________ ______________________ .

3. You are allowed to choose your major. You can ___________ ___________ ______________________ .

4. You may park in this street. You are allowed .

5. You are allowed to stay out till midnight. You can ___________ ___________ ______________________ .

8. Измените предложения, попросите разрешение, используя глагол can.

Пример: Is it all right if I go to a disco? => Can I go to a disco?

1. Is it OK if I borrow your bike for half an hour?

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2. Do you mind if I close the window just a little?

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3. Is it all right if I get in touch with you some time later?

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4. Do you mind if I come in?

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5. Do you mind if I have a look at your magazine?

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9. Выберите более грамотный вариант:

1. Mary's children ___ watch the film on TV last night.

A) could; B) were allowed to.

2 ____try this on?

A) Am / allowed to; B) Can I.

10. Дополните предложения глаголами have (got) to или must. Используйте нужную видовременную, утвердительную, вопросительную или отрицательную форму.

Пример: I have (got) to/must stop smoking. I'm sorry, you mustn't smoke here.

1. You __________ get a visa before you go abroad next

2. The children are happy because they __________ do any homework tonight.

11. Дополните предложения правильной формой глагола need.

Пример: The teacher says we needn't go to school tomorrow, (negative)

Do I need to have a license to drive a car in this country? (question)

You've got a terrible cough. You need to see a doctor, (positive)

1. My mother says that I _________ work harder, (positive)

2. _________ he phone you before he comes to see you? (question)

12. Выберите более грамотный вариант:

l.You _________ open the door before the train stops. You'll fall out.

A) mustn't; B) don't need to; C) don't have to.

2. We_________ hurry. We've got plenty of time.

A) don't have to; B) have got to; C) need to.

3. You_________ phone the station about the time of the trains. I've got the timetable.

A) mustn't; B) don't need to; C) must.

4. I_________ go now. I can stay a bit longer if you want me to.

A) needn't to; B) must; C) haven't got to.

13. Дополните предложения глаголами should/ought to и предложенными в скобках словами.

Пример: These windows are dirty, (you/clean them/more often).

• You should clean them more often.

1. Ted drives too fast, (he/drive/more carefully)

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2. There won't be much food at the party, (we/take something/to eat?)

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14. Дополните предложения, используя выражение shall I и наиболее подходящий из следующих глаголов:

paint, invite, get, tell, say, put

Пример:: Whom shall I invite to my party?

1. How much money________ from the bank?

2. Where ___________ all these dirty plates?

15. Дополните предложения, используя глагол can и наиболее подходящий из следующих глаголов:

cause, ski, make, live, reach, survive

Пример: In some cases this can cause difficulty.

1. You ………………………on the hills.

2. Anyone …………………………… mistakes.

16. Измените предложения, выразите возможность с помощью глаголов may/might/ could

Пример: Perhaps my parents will be at home tomorrow. - My parents may/might/could be at home tomorrow.

1. Perhaps you are right.

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2. Perhaps she will be working today.

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17. Измените предложения, выразите возможность с помощью глаголов may /might/ сould

Пример: They have left already.

-They may/might/could have left already.

1. Mr Smith went on business to France last night.

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2. He has been working all day.

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18. Дополните предложения глаголами may/might/ could, так чтобы выразить возможность в прошлом. Используйте слова из скобок.

Пример: Where was Sally last night? — (she/be/at the cine­ma) - She may/might/could have been at the cinema.

1. She walked straight past me. (she/not see/me)

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2. I can't find my purse anywhere. (I/leave/at home)

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19. Измените каждое предложение, так чтобы оно содержало глаголы must, can't or couldn't.

Пример: I'm sure that Jack feels really lonely.

• Jack must feel really lonely.

1. I'm sure that Helen is over twenty.

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2. I'm sure he's not feeling very well.

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20. Измените каждое предложение, так чтобы оно содержало глаголы must/can't/ couldn't и выражало уверенность в событиях прошлого

Пример : Obviously it was a long journey. –

It must have been a long journey.

1. I'm sure she's passed her driving test.

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2. Certainly she saw us.

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21. Дополните каждое предложение глаголом must, can't или couldn't.

1. The cat_________ __ be somewhere in the house.

2. Tom_____________ have been at the theatre yesterday! I know he is in hospital.

22. Выберите более грамотный вариант:

1. There's someone at the door. It ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________the postman.

A) can be; B) must be.

2. Jones ____________ president if Smith has to resign.

A) could be; B) must be.

3. Let's tell Diana. She ___________ know.

A) could not; B) might not.