1 курс / Латинский язык / Латинский_язык_и_основы_медицинской_терминологии_Жура_В_В_,_Мартинсон

EXERCISES

1. Build adjectives matching the descriptions below using prefixes. State their Dictionary Entry Form:

1.‘Under the ribs’

2.‘Between the bones’

3.‘Under mucosa’

4.‘Under the eye orbit’

5.‘Behind the pharynx’

6.‘Above the collar bone’

7.‘Inside the muscle’

8.‘Under the lower jaw’

9.‘Above the kidney’

10.‘Above the breastbone’

11.‘Near the nose’

2.	Write the following nouns in the Dictionary Entry form:
a)	orbita, periosteum, colon, genu, ostium, vagina, encephalon, bursa, stratum,
	junctura, tympanum, gingiva;
b)	os, corpus, foramen, pars, caput, crus, dens.
3.	Translate the following terms into Latin:

A. The smallest gluteal muscle; the broadest muscle of back; bursa of the broadest muscle of neck; the longest muscle of neck; the biggest gluteal muscle; the longest muscle of chest; the highest nasal concha.

C. Stylohyoid muscle; decidual tooth; wisdom tooth (=late tooth); lower incisor (tooth); molar tooth; surface of the crown of upper molar tooth; upper canine tooth; tubercle of lower canine tooth; root of medial upper incisor tooth; lingual surface of lower premolar tooth.

4. Translate the following terms into Latin:

71

Upper cervical ganglion; lower oblique muscle of eyeball; incisure of round ligament; artery of posterior segment; lower collateral ulnar vein; entrance of lower hollow vein; lesser sternal muscle; upper head of lateral pterygoid muscle; long muscle of neck; fibrous capsule of thyroid gland; large occipital opening; anterior surface of elbow bone; greater curvature of stomach; anterior horn of spinal marrow; anterior iliac bone; bottom of urinary bladder.

5. Translate the following terms into Latin:

A.Sacral flexure of rectum; bottom of stomach; gastroduodenal artery; longitudinal fold of duodenum; right flexure of colon; horizontal part of duodenum; ampoule of rectum; muscular coat of small intestine; sigmoid colon; cardial entrance of stomach; intestinal surface of uterus; round ligament of uterus; bottom of uterus; uterine tube; transverse ligament of perinaeum; left ventricle; greater round muscle; iliac tuber; iliac crest.

B.Paravaginal lymph node; retropharyngeal lymph node; posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm; deep transverse muscle of perinaeum; common iliac artery; rectovaginal partition; stylopharyngeal muscle; semilunar fold of the conjunctiva; sternothyroid muscle.

6. Translate the terms into Latin:

A. Palatine bone; horizontal plate of palatine bone; parietal bone; squamous border of parietal bone; frontal bone; zygomatic process of frontal bone; petrosal sinus; sulcus of petrosal sinus; facial muscle; cavity of peritoneum; bottom of stomach; lower nasal passage; anterior cerebrospinal artery; internal vertebral venous plexus; lateral pterygoid muscle; upper trunk of brachial plexus; broad ligament of uterus; upper cervical ganglion; muscular plate of mucosa of oesophagus; greater straight muscle of head; lateral horn of spinal marrow.

72

B.Left lumbar trunk; anterior lip of womb, profound infrapatellar bursa; lateral ventricle; vaginal venous plexus; right jugular trunk; oblique sinus of pericardium; lower horn of lateral ventricle; sciatic pouch of greatest gluteal muscle; proper ligament of ovary; palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve; interosseous space; subparietal furrow; vagina of eyeball; lower bulb of internal jugular vein; intraparietal furrow; marrow of ovary.

C.Upper canine tooth; mucous part of lip of mouth; lateral surface of zygomatic bone; wisdom tooth; submandibular ganglion; superior orbital fissure of lesser ala; occipitopalatine muscle; upper molar; masseteric nerve; trigeminal nerve; omohyoid muscle; mucosa of tongue; ethmoid crest of frontal process of maxilla; surface of crown of upper molar; triangle of sublingual nerve; motor root (motorius, a, um) of trigeminal nerve; root of medial upper incisor; tubercle of lower canine; superior and middle nasal concha; body of hyoid bone; alveolar part of lower jaw; frenulum of lower lip; alar process of ethmoid bone; milk tooth; notch of lower jaw.

VOCABULARY EXTENSION 6

A

Latin	English	Transcription	Russian
colon, i, n	colon	[‘koulэn]	ободочная кишка
duodenum, i, n	duodenum	[,duэu’dinэm]	двенадцатиперстная
		[,du’odinэm]	кишка
gastricus, a, um	gastric	[‘gæstrik]	желудочный
hyoideus, a, um	hyoid	[‘haioid]	подъязычный (кость
			и др.)
hypoglossus, a,	hypoglossal	[,haipэ‘glosэl]	подъязычный (нерв и
um			др.)
ileum, i, n	ileum	[‘iliэm]	подвздошная кишка
iliăcus, a, um	iliac	[‘iliэk]	подвздошный
intestinum, i, n	intestine	[in’testin]	кишка
intestinalis, e	intestinal	[in’testinэl]	кишечный
maximus, a, um	greatest, biggest	[‘greitэst]	наибольший
minimus, a, um	minimal,	[‘minimэl]	наименьший
	smallest
mucosa, ae, f	mucosa	[,mju:kousэ]	слизистая (оболочка)

73

mucosus, a, um	mucous		[‘mju: kэs]			слизистый
oesophagus, i, m	(o)esophagus		[i’sofэgэs]			пищевод
oesophagēus, a,	(o)esophageal		[i,sofэ‘dјiэl]			пищеводный
um
peritonēum, i, n	peritoneum		[,peritou’niэm]			брюшина
peritonealis, e	peritoneal		[,peritou’niэl]			брюшинный
rectum, i, n	rectum		[‘rektэm]			прямая кишка
B
anus, i m	anus		[‘einэs]				задний проход
analis, e	anal		[‘einэl]				анальный
caecum, i n	caecum,		[‘si:kэm]				слепая кишка
	blind gut
conjunctiva, ae, f	conjunctiva		[kondjΛnk’taivэ]				коньюнктива
flexura, ae, f	flexura, flexure		[flek’∫urэ]				изгиб
fundus, i, m	fundus, bottom		[‘fΛndэs]				дно
jejunum, i, n	jejunum		[dje’djunэm]				тощая кишка
ovarium, i, n	ovarium, ovary		[ou’veiriэm]				яичник
perin(a)eum, i, n	perineum		[,peri’niэm]				промежность
pylorus, i, m	pylorus		[pai’lourэs]				привратник
pyloricus, a, um	pyloric		[pai’lourik]				привратниковый
sacrococcygeus,	sacrococcygeal		[,sekroukoksi’djiэl]				крестцово-
a, um							копчиковый
stylopharyngeus,	stylopharyngeal		[,stailэfærin’djiэl]				шило-глоточный
a, um
stylohyoideus, a,	stylohyoid		[,stailэ‘haioid]				щило-
um							подъязычный
tenuis, e	slender, slim		[‘slendэ]				тонкий
intestinum tenue	small intestine		[‘smo:l in’testin]				тонкая кишка
truncus, i m	trunk		[‘trΛnk]				ствол, туловище
C
caninus, a, um	canine		[‘keinain]		клыковый
deciduus, a, um	decidual, milk		[di’sidjuəl]		молочный
	(about teeth)
dens, dentis m	tooth		[tu:θ]		зуб
geniohyoideus, a,	geniohyoid		[djenə’haioid]		подбородочно-
um					подъязычный
incisivus, a, um	incisive		[in’saizə]		резцовый
infrahyoideus, a,	infrahyoid		[,infrə’haioid]		подподъязычный
um
molaris, e	molar,		[‘moulə]		большой коренной
	multicuspid
premolaris, e	premolar,		[pri’moulə]		малый коренной

74

	bicuspid
serotĭnus, a, um	late (about	[leit]	поздний
	teeth)
sternohyoideus,	sternohyoid	[,stə:nə’haioid]	грудино-
a, um			подъязычный
stylohyoideus, a,	stylohyoid	[,stailə’haioid]	шило-подъязычный
um
suprahyoideus, a,	suprahyoid	[,su:prə’haioid]	надподъязычный
um
thyrohyoideus, a,	thyrohyoid	[,θairə’haioid]	щитоподъязычный
um

75

UNIT 7

THIRD DECLENSION

(CONSONANT AND i-STEMS)

Nouns of the Third Declension end in a, e, i, o, y, c, l, n, r, s, t, x. Stems of the Third Declension are classed as follows:

I. Consonant Stems:

a.Mute stems.

b.Liquid and Nasal stems. II. I-Stems:

a.Pure i-stems.

b.Mixed i-stems.

The Nominative is always derived from the stem. The variety in form in the Nominative is due to simple modifications of the stem, of which the most important are:

1. Combination of final consonants: as of c (or g) and s to form x: dux, ducis – stem duc-; rex, regis – stem reg-.

2. Omission of a final consonant: as of a final nasal: leo, leonis – stem leon-; oratio, orationis – stem oration-.

3. Omission of a final vowel: as of final i: calcar, calcaris – stem calcari-.

4. Change of vowel in the final syllable: as of a to e: princeps (for -caps), principis – stem princip- (for -cap-).

Consonant Stems

Mute Stems. Masculine and Feminine Nouns with mute stems form the Nominative by adding s to the stem.

Nouns of this class are declined as follows: princeps, N., (chief); radix, F. (root); miles, M. (soldier)

STEM princip- "chief"

76

SINGULAR

Nom. princeps Gen. principis Dat. principi Acc. principem Abl. principe Voc. princeps

PLURAL

Nom. principes Gen. principum Dat. principibus Acc. principes Abl. principibus Voc. principes

SINGULAR

Nom. radix Gen. radicis Dat. radici Acc. radicem Abl. radice Voc. radix

PLURAL

Nom. radices Gen. radicum Dat. radicibus Acc. radices Abl. radicibus Voc. radices

SINGULAR

Nom. miles

77

Gen. militis

Dat. militi

Acc. militem

Abl. milite

Voc. miles

PLURAL

Nom. milites

Gen. militum

Dat. militibus

Acc. milites

Abl. militibus

Voc. milites

Most mute stems are Masculine or Feminine. Those that are neuter have for the Nominative the simple stem. But: Lingual Stems (t, d) ending in two consonants drop the final mute: as cor (stem cord-), lac (stem lact-). The stem capit- shows u in the nominative (caput for capot).

Nouns of this class are declined as follows: cor, N. (heart); caput, N. (head). STEM cord- STEM capit- .

SINGULAR

Nom. cor Gen. cordis Dat. cordi Acc. cor Abl. corde Voc. cor

PLURAL

Nom. corda Gen. cordium Dat. cordibus

78

Acc.	corda
Abl.	cordibus
Voc.	corda
	SINGULAR
Nom.	caput
Gen.	capitis
Dat.	capiti
Acc.	caput
Abl.	capite
Voc.	caput
	PLURAL
Nom.	capita
Gen.	capitum
Dat.	capitibus
Acc.	capita
Abl.	capitibus
Voc.	capita

In Masculine and Feminine nouns with liquid and nasal stems the Nominative is the same as the stem.

Nouns of this class are declined as follows: pater, M. (father)

	SINGULAR
Nom.	pater
Gen.	patris
Dat.	patri
Acc.	patrem
Abl.	patre
Voc.	pater
	PLURAL

79

Nom.	patres
Gen.	patrium
Dat.	patribus
Acc.	patres
Abl.	patribus
Voc.	patres

NOTE. Stems in ll-, rr- (N.) lose one of their liquids in the nominative: as fel, fellis; mel, mellis.

In Neuter nouns with liquid or nasal stems the Nominative is the same as the stem. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Stems in inhave e instead of i in the nominative: as in nomen - stem nomin-.

2. Most stems in erand orhave -us in the nominative: as genus (race) – stem gener-.

Nouns of this class are declined as follows: nomen, N. (name); corpus, N. (body).

	SINGULAR
Nom.	nomen
Gen.	nominis
Dat.	nomini
Acc.	nomen
Abl.	nomine
Voc.	nomen
	PLURAL
Nom.	nomina
Gen.	nominum
Dat.	nominibus
Acc.	nomina
Abl.	nominibus
Voc.	nomina

80