5 курс / ОЗИЗО Общественное здоровье и здравоохранение / Стратегия_ВОЗ_в_области_народной_медицины_2002_2005_гг_ВОЗ

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33

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Basic Training and Safety in Acupuncture

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Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials (Vfnthbfks gj vtnjlfv rjynhjkz rfxtcndf ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybq) yt njkmrj lkz njuj^ xnj,s cjltqcndjdfnm nt[ybxtcrjq hf,jnt jhufyjd htuekbhjdfybz d j,kfcnb ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd^ yj b lkz njuj^ xnj,s gjjohbnm cnhfys r rjynhjk. rfxtcndf hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ ghtgfhfnjd&

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Nt[ybxtcrbq drkfl d hf,jne DJP gj cjltqcndb. yflkt;fotve^ ,tpjgfcyjve b ’aatrnbdyjve bcgjkmpjdfyb. YV#LFV dyjcbn hzl rfr yfwbjyfkmys[^ nfr b vt;leyfhjlys[ jhufybpfwbq& NCCAM d CIF^ yfghbvth^ ,sk yfpyfxty d 1996 u& Cjnhelybxf.obv wtynhjv DJP gj yfhjlyjq vtlbwbyt& Jy ghtljcnfdbk yt njkmrj nt[ybxtcrbt rjvvtynfhbb d jnyjitybb hfphf,jnrb vjyjuhfabq DJP gj jnltkmysv ktrfhcndtyysv hfcntybzv (WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants) b Herjdjlzob[ ghbywbgjd ,fpbcyjq gjlujnjdrb b ,tpjgfcyjcnb fregeyrnehs (Guidelines on Basic Training and Safety in Acupuncture)^ yj b abyfycjde. gjllth;re lkz cjcnfdktybz nfrb[ ljrevtynjd^ rfr

General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine (J,obt herjdjlzobt ghbywbgs lkz vtnjljkjubb bccktljdfybq b jwtyrb yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys)&

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b Herjdjlzob[ ghbywbgjd lkz jwtyrb hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ ghtgfhfnjd (Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines)& D htpekmnfnt ’njuj tdhjgtqcrbt

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Cjtlbytyyst Infns Fvthbrb%	2

cnhfys gjkexbkb lfkmytqibt cnbveks lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz nt[ybxtcrb[ ljrevtynjd DJP gj YV#LFV&

DJP nfr;t hf,jnftn cj cdjbvb cjnhelybxf.obvb wtynhfvb gj yfhjlyjq vtlbwbyt lkz jceotcndktybz yfwbjyfkmyjq^ htubjyfkmyjq b ukj,fkmyjq ltzntkmyjcnb& (Gjkysq cgbcjr cjnhelybxf.ob[ wtynhjd DJP ghbdjlbncz d Ghbkj;tybb 1&) Cjnhelybxf.obt wtynhs DJP gj yfhjlyjq vtlbwbyt cjukfif.ncz cjltqcndjdfnm YV d cdjb[ cnhfyf[ gjchtlcndjv ghtlghbybvftvs[

bvb bccktljdfntkmcrb[ b ext,ys[ ghjuhfvv (Hbceyjr 12)& Jyb cjukfif-

.ncz nfr;t ghtljcnfdkznm nt[ybxtcrbt pfvtxfybz b byajhvfwb. lkz gjllth;rb hfphf,jnrb nt[ybxtcrb[ herjdjlzob[ ghbywbgjd b ljrevtynfwbb DJP^

f nfr;t ghjdjlbnm gj ghjcm,t DJP gjlujnjdre lkz ’rcgthnjd gj fregeyrneht b gj bccktljdfybzv lkz bpextybz ,tpjgfcyjcnb b ’aatrnbdyjcnb hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ ghtgfhfnjd&

3&3 Edtkbxtybt ljcnegf r

byajhvfwbb j YV#LFV

Bvtz d cdjtv cjcnfdt 191 ujcelfhcndjxkty^ frnbdyj exfcndez d hfpyjj,hfpyjq ltzntkmyjcnb d j,kfcnb YV b hfcgjkfufz ytgjchtlcndtyysv ljcnegjv r jgsne

gj vyjubv ghj,ktvfv YV^ DJP dgjkyt vj;tn gjvjxm edtkbxbnm ljcneg r njxyjq byajhvfwbb j YV& "nj drk.xftn cjcnfdktybt fdnjhbntnys[ cghfdjxys[ hf,jn (yfghbvth^ gj ktrfhcndtyysv hfcntybzv) b j,tcgtxtybt herjdjlcndf yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrjq^ gjlujnjdrjq^ yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrjq^ f nfr;t ds,jhjv b bcgjkmpjdfybtv dbljd ktxtybz

(cv& Ghbkj;tybt 2)& Jhufybpfwbz nfr;t dct ,jkmit cjltqcndetn j,vtye byajhvfwbtq&

Fdnjhbntnyfz byajhvfwbz

Vjyjuhfabb DJP gj jnltkmysv ktrfhcndtyysv hfcntybzv cjlth;fn yfexye. byajhvfwb. j ,tpjgfcyjcnb^ ’aatrnbdyjcnb b rjynhjkt rfxtcndf ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybq& Jyb drk.xf.n htp.vt ,jnfybxtcrb[ [fhfrnthbcnbr

Hjkm DJP d yfcnjzott dhtvz

35

Cnhfntubz DJP d j,kfcnb yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys 2002-2005 uu&

ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybq^ gthtxyb jcyjdys[ [bvbxtcrb[ cjcnfdkz.ob[ nfrb[ hfcntybq^ f nfr;t bycnherwbb j njv^ rfr j,tcgtxbnm rjynhjkm rfxtcndf hfcnbntkmys[ vfnthbfkjd^ gjkextyys[ bp nfrb[ hfcntybq& Vjyjuhfabb cjlth;fn nfr;t rhfnre. byajhvfwb. j vtlbwbycrjv bcgjkmpjdfybb d nht[ rfntujhbz[% afhvfrjkjubz* gjpjkjubz* ghjnbdjgjrfpfybz* f nfr;t byajhvfwb. j vthf[ ghtljcnjhj;yjcnb ghjnbd jnhbwfntkmys[ htfrwbq& Zdkzzcm jcyjdysv cghfdjxysv vfnthbfkjv lkz yfwbjyfkmys[ jhufyjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^ extys[ b afhvfwtdnbxtcrb[ rjvgfybq^ jyb nfr;t bcgjkmpe.ncz ibhjrbvb ckjzvb yfctktybz d rfxtcndt herjdjlcndf gj hfwbjyfkmyjve bcgjkmpjdfyb. hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd& Rhjvt njuj^ nfrbt hfpyst ujcelfhcndf-xktys DJP^ rfr <tyby^ Vtrcbrf^ >;yfz Fahbrf b Dmtnyfv^ bcgjkmpjdfkb Vjyjuhfabb d rfxtcndt j,hfpwf ghb hfphf,jnrt cdjb[ yfwbjyfkmys[ vjyjuhfabq bkb ajhvekzhjd& Gthdsq njv ,sk htrjvtyljdfy Tdhjgtqcrjq rjvbccbtq tt ujcelfhcndfv-xktyfv d rfxtcndt fdnjhbntnyjuj cghfdjxyjuj herjdjlcndf&

{jnz j,ofz jndtncndtyyjcnm pf cjlth;fybt b dsgecr Vjyjuhfabq gj-ght;ytve kt;bn yf DJP^ jyb^ ntv yt vtytt^ zdkz.ncz htpekmnfnjv cjdvtcnys[ ecbkbq^ xnj gjdsiftn b[ njxyjcnm b yflt;yjcnm& Yf lfyysq vjvtyn d b[ cjcnfdktybb ghbybvfkb exfcnbt ,jktt 200 ’rcgthnjd^ gjvbvj xktyjd cgbcrjd ’rcgthnjd-rjycekmnfynjd DJP gj yfhjlyjq vtlbwbyt^ f nfr;t ,jktt 50 yfwbjyfkmys[ jhufyjd htuekbhjdfybz d j,kfcnb ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd& Njv I Vjyjuhfabq ,sk jge,kbrjdfy d 1999 u& b ,sk ibhjrj hfcghjcnhfyty& Njv II ,sk jge,kbrjdfy d 2001 u& b Njv III ,sk pfdthity d rjywt 2001 u&

Ge,kbrfwbz Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicines: Worldwide Review (J,pjh gjkj;tybz d vbht d j,kfcnb htuekbhjdfybz hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd) nfr;t zdkztncz htpekmnfnjv cjdvtcnys[ ecbkbq vt;le DJP b vyjubvb tt ujcelfhcndfvbxktyfvb& Ghtljcnfdkzz byajhvfwb. bp

50 cnhfy j htuekbhjdfybb hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd^ ’nf cghfdjxyfz hf,jnf cke;bn herjdjlcndjv lkz jhufyjd plhfdjj[hfytybz d lheub[ cnhfyf[^ rjnjhst d yfcnjzott dhtvz cnhtvzncz hfphf,jnfnm cdjb cbcntvs htuekbhjdfybz b htubcnhfwbb hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd& Yfexyj-bccktljdfntkmcrbt bycnbnens b afhvfwtdnbxtcrfz

ghjvsiktyyjcnm nfr;t cxbnf.n ’ne ge,kbrfwb. gjktpyjq& Ge,kbrfwbz Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials

(Vtnjls rjynhjkz rfxtcndf vfnthbfkjd^ gjkextyys[ bp ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybq) zdkztncz lheubv df;ysv cghfdjxysv herjdjlcndjv^ cjcnfdktyysv DJP&

Cjltqcndbt j,vtye byajhvfwbtq

Gjvbvj ibhjrjuj hfcghjcnhfytybz cdjb[ ge,kbrfwbq b ljrevtynjd^ DJP nfr;t cjltqcndetn j,vtye byajhvfwbtq

xthtp Cjnhelybxf.obt wtynhs gj yfhjlyjq vtlbwbyt& Jndtns yf pfghjcs^ gjkextyyst jn yfwbjyfkmys[ jhufyjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^ extys[ b j,otcndtyyjcnb^ cjcnfdkz.ncz d cjnhelybxtcndt c ’nbvb wtynhfvb& Cjnhelybxf.obq wtynh DJP gj yfhjlyjq vtlbwbyt d afhvfwtdnbxtcrjv rjkktl;t Bkkbyjqcrjuj eybdthcbntnf d Xbrfuj bvttn ,fpe lfyys[ gj ktrfhcndtyysv hfcntybzv^ cjlth;foe. pfrjlbhjdfyye. byajhvfwb. j yfnehfkmys[ ghjlernf[ bp 150 750 cghfdjr& "nf byajhvfwbz drk.xftn ccskrb^ rfcf.obtcz ’nyjvtlbwbys^ afhvfrjkjubb ’rcnhfrnjd b xbcns[ rjvgjytynjd^ f nfr;t abnj[bvbb& C 1994 u& Wtynh jrfpfk wtyye. gjvjom d cjcnfdktybb dct[ nht[ njvjd

Vjyjuhfabq DJP gj jnltkmysv ktrfhcndtyysv hfcntybzv& Hfpdbdf.obvcz cnhfyfv jy ghtljcnfdkztn byajhvfwb. ,tcgkfnyj& D 2000 u& jy jndtnbk yf

Nf,kbwf 12

J,vty byajhvfwbtq xthtp Cjnhelybxf.obq wtynh DJP gj yfhjlyjq vtlbwbyt d afhvfwtdnbxtcrjv rjkktl;t Bkkbyjqcrjuj eybdthcbntnf d Xbrfuj

Inf,-rdfhnbhf DJP	Xbckj	Xbckj
bkb htubjyfkmyjt ,.hj	gjkextyys[	ghtljcnf-
	pfghjcjd	dktyys[ d
		jndtn cghfdjr
Inf,-rdfhnbhf	171	17 396
H< lkz cnhfy Fahbrb	1 759	31 238
H< lkz cnhfy Djcnjxyjuj
Chtlbptvyjvjhmz	28	1 784
H< lkz cnhfy Fvthbrb#
GFJP	5 136	131 760
H< lkz cnhfy >uj-Djcnjxyjq
Fpbb	2 801	179 113
H< lkz cnhfy Pfgflyjq
xfcnb Nb[juj jrtfyf	288	46 549

36

10 182 pfzdrb^ gjkextyyst inf,- rdfhnbhjq b htubjyfkmysvb ,.hj DJP bp hfpdbdf.ob[cz cnhfy^ ghtljcnfdbd 407 840 cghfdjr (Nf,kbwf 12)&

Rhjvt njuj^ cjnhelybxf.obt wtynhs DJP gj yfhjlyjq vtlbwbyt d Rbnft (Bycnbnen rkbybxtcrb[ yfer b byajhvfwbb Rbnfqcrjq frfltvbb rbnfqcrjq yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys)^ d Htcge,kbrt Rjhtz (Yfexyjbccktljdfntkmcrbq bycnbnen yfnehfkmys[ ghjlernjd^ Ctekmcrjuj yfwbjyfkmyjuj eybdthcbntnf) b d CIF (Yfwbjyfkmysq wtynh gj ljgjkybntkmyjq b fkmnthyfnbdyjq vtlbwbyt^ bycnbnens plhfdjj[hfytybz^ <tntclf^ Vthbktyl) nfr;t cjcnfdkz.n b gjllth;bdf.n ,fps lfyys[ c byajhvfwbtq

j YV#LFV^ rjnjhst buhf.n df;ye. hjkm d ghtljcnfdktybb yfexyjq byajhvfwbb rfr gjcnfdobrfv eckeu^ nfr b yfctktyb.&

B yfrjytw^ d inf,-rdfhnbht DJP b htubjyfkmys[ ,.hj DJP hfphf-

,jnfys dt,-cfqns gj YV# LFV^ yf rjnjhs[ ghtlcnfdktyf byajhvfwbz j yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrt d j,kfcnb YV#LFV^ ghfrnbrt ujcelfhcndtyyj-

uj htuekbhjdfybz b bcgjkmpj-

dfybb YV#LFV^ f nfr;t bccktljdfntkmcrbt lfyyst j ,tpjgfcyjcnb^ ’aatrnbdyjcnb b bcgjkmpjdfybz jnltkmys[ dbljd ktxtybz YV#LFV&

Hjkm DJP d yfcnjzott dhtvz

37

Vt;leyfhjlyst b yfwbjyfkmyst htcehcs lkz yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys

4

UKFDF

Ljdtltybt lj vfrcbvevf gjntywbfkf^ rjnjhsq bvttn YV#LFV lkz ekexitybz cjcnjzybz pljhjdmz d vbht^ ghtlcnfdkztn cj,jq juhjvye. pflfxe^ j[dfnsdf.oe. cfve. hfpyjj,hfpye. ltzntkmyjcnm b nht,e.oe.

‘Ghbpyfybt ghfdbntkmcndfvb pyfxtybz

yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys lkz pljhjdmz yfctktybz d

Htubjyt b cjplfybt ,kfujghbznys[ eckjdbq

zdkz.ncz jcyjdjq lkz jgnbvbpfwbb

bcgjkmpjdfybz yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys& Rhjvt

njuj^ ytj,[jlbvf gjcnjzyyfz gjkbnbxtcrfz

ghbdth;tyyjcnm b gjllth;rf gjkbnbrjd^

ghfrnbrjd yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys^ YGJ^

ghjatccbjyfkmys[ fccjwbfwbq^ j,obys^

j,otj,hfpjdfntkmys[ b cgtwbfkmys[

ext,ys[ pfdtltybq^ f nfr;t lheub[

pfbynthtcjdfyys[ exfcnybrjd^ xnj

cjplftncz gjchtlcndjv ghjgfufyls^

cjwbfkmyjuj vfhrtnbyuf b vtnjljd ghbdktxtybz r exfcnb.&\2

hfpyjj,hfpyjuj jgsnf& R cxfcnm.^ xbckj jhufybpfwbq^ rjnjhst hf,jnf.n d j,kfcnb YV#LFV b r rjnjhsv vj;tn j,hfnbnmcz DJP^ gjcnjzyyj

hfcntn& Ytrjnjhst bp ’nb[ jhufybpfwbq jgbcfys yb;t& Ghbdjlbncz nfr;t byajhvfwbz j k.,jv cjnhelybxtcndt vt;le ’nbvb jhufybpfwbzvb b DJP&

4&1 Exht;ltybz JJY

Rjydtywbz j vt;leyfhjlyjq njhujdkt dblfvb lbrjq afeys b akjhs^ yf[jlzobvbcz gjl euhjpjq bcxtpyjdtybz

(CITES) (http://www.cites.org/index.html) dcnegbkf d cbke d b.kt 1975 u&^ b r yfcnjzotve dhtvtyb tt exfcnybrfvb zdkz.ncz 125 cnhfy& Ltqcndbz ’nb[ cnhfy pfrk.xf.ncz d pfghtotybb rjvvthxtcrjq ’rcgkefnfwbb cjukfcjdfyyjuj gthtxyz dbljd akjhs b afeys^ yf[jlzob[cz gjl euhjpjq bcxtpyjdtybz^ f nfr;t d htuekbhjdfybb

b vjybnjhbyut njhujdkb lheubvb dblfvb^ lkz rjnjhs[ vj;tn djpybryenm euhjpf bcxtpyjdtybz& Ctrhtnfhbfn Rjydtywbb eghfdkztncz Ghjuhfvvjq Jhufybpfwbb J,]tlbytyys[ Yfwbq gj jrhe;f.otq chtlt b gjvjuftn cnhfyfv d jceotcndktybb CITES gjchtlcndjv j,]zcytybz tt gjkj;tybq b rjycekmnfwbq d jnyjitybb

tt ghbvtytybz& Ctrhtnfhbfn jceotcndkztn nfr;t ghjtrns gj jrfpfyb. gjvjob d ekexitybb jceotcndktybz^ nfrbt rfr ext,yst ctvbyfhs^ b gj bpextyb. dbljd^ gjcnegf.ob[ d njhujdk.^ xnj,s j,tcgtxbnm b[ ’rcgkefnfwb. d hfpevys[ ghtltkf[&

Gjkyjvjxbz Ghjljdjkmcndtyyjq b ctkmcrj[jpzqcndtyyjq jhufybpfwbb

J,]tlbytyys[ Yfwbq (AFJ)

(http://www.fao.org/) cjcnjzn d njv^ xnj,s gjdscbnm ehjdyb gbnfybz b ehjdyb ;bpyb^ gjdscbnm ghjbpdjlbntkmyjcnm ctkmcrjuj [jpzqcndf b cjplfnm kexibt eckjdbz ;bpyb lkz ctkmcrjuj yfctktybz& Jcj,sv ghbjhbntnjv ’njq jhufybpfwbb zdkztncz cjltqcndbt ecnjqxbdjve ctkmcrj[jpzqcndtyyjve ghjbpdjlcnde b ctkmcrjve hfpdbnb.^ drk.xfz ljkujchjxye. cnhfntub. cj[hfytybz ghbhjlys[ htcehcjd b eghfdktybz bvb& C 1980-[ ujljd Ltgfhnfvtyn AFJ gj ktcyjve [jpzqcnde dsgecrftn cthbb ljrevtynjd j gj,jxys[

Vt;leyfhjlyst b yfwbjyfkmyst htcehcs lkz yfhjlyjq vtlbwnys

39

Cnhfntubz DJP d j,kfcnb yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys 2002-2005 uu&

ghjlernf[ ktcf (ytrjnjhst bp rjnjhs[ drk.xf.n ktrfhcndtyyst hfcntybz) c byajhvfwbtq j yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrt^ cj[hfytybb b cjjndtncnde.ob[ bccktljdfntkmcrb[ lfyys[ b vthjghbznbz[& AFJ cjnhelybxfkf c DJP d cjcnfdktybb

Vjyjuhfabq DJP gj jnltkmysv ktrfhcndtyysv hfcntybzv^ ghtljcnfdkzz lfyyst yfexys[ bccktljdfybq&

Ukfdysvb wtkzvb Rjyathtywbb Jhufybpfwbb J,]tlbytyys[ Yfwbq gj njhujdkt b hfpdbnb. (>YRNFL) (http:// www.unctad.org/) zdkztncz vfrcbvbpfwbz djpvj;yjcntq hfpdbdf.ob[cz cnhfy lkz njhujdkb^ bydtcnbwbq b hfpdbnbz b jrfpfybt bv gjvjob d htitybb ghj,ktv^ cdzpfyys[ c ukj,fkbpfwbtq& Vyjubt ghjlerns d

vbht cdzpfys c yfhjlysvb pyfybzvb b zdkz.ncz jcyjdysv bcnjxybrjv lj[jljd^ gbob b vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob& Gjlj,yj ’njve^ ,jkmibycndj hfcnbntkmys[ utytnbxtcrb[ htcehcjd b lheub[ ajhv ,bjkjubxtcrjuj hfpyjj,hfpbz yf[jlzncz

d hfpdbdf.ob[cz cnhfyf[ bkb ghjbc[jlzn bp yb[& Gj’njve >YRNFL frnbdyj exfcndetn d htitybb djghjcjd^ cdzpfyys[ c j[hfyjq yfhjlys[ pyfybq& D yfcnjzott dhtvz jyf jndtxftn yf jpf,jxtyyjcnm^ cdzpfyye. c ntv^ xnj pyfybz YV byjulf ytghfdbkmyj bcgjkmpe.ncz& Cjnhelybxtcndj vt;le >YRNFL b DJP gjrf tot yf[jlbncz yf yfxfkmyjq cnflbb^ yj d 2000 u& jyj drk.xbkj exfcnbt DJP d cjpdfyyjv >YRNFL Cjdtofybb ’rcgthnjd gj cbcntvfv b yfwbjyfkmyjve jgsne d wtkz[ j[hfys yfhjlys[ pyfybq^ byyjdfwbzv b ghfrnbrt^ f ghtlcnfdbntkb >YRNFL exfcndjdfkb d Vt;htubjyfkmyjv ctvbyfht DJP gj ghfdfv byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb d rjyntrcnt yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys^ rjnjhsq ,sk ghjdtlty d <fyurjrt&

Jhufybpfwbz ghjvsiktyyjuj hfpdbnbz Jhufybpfwbb J,]tlbytyys[ Yfwbq (>YBLJ) (http://www.unido.org/) gjvjuftn hfpdbdf.obvcz cnhfyfv b cnhfyfv

c gtht[jlyjq ’rjyjvbrjq jceotcndkznm ghjvsiktyyjt hfpdbnbt& D xfcnyjcnb^ jyf cnhtvbncz htibnm ghj,ktvs^ cdzpfyyst c rjyrehtynyjq ’rjyjvbrjq^ [jhjibvb ’rjkjubxtcrbvb eckjdbzvb b ghjlernbdyjq pfyznjcnm. yf gjkbnbxtcrjv^ exht;ltyxtcrjv ehjdyz[ b yf ehjdyt ghtlghbznbq& D 1986 u& yf jhufybpjdfyyjv >YBLJ cjdtofybb ’rcgthnjd ,skj htrjvtyljdfyj^ xnj,s yfexyst bccktljdfybz^ hfphf,jnrb b hfcghtltktybt hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd

ibhjrj gjjohzkbcm b ,skb drk.xtys d cbcntvs plhfdjj[hfytybz^ jcj,tyyj d hfpdbdf.ob[cz cnhfyf[& Nhtnmz rjycekmnfwbz >YBLJ gj afhvfwtdnbxtcrjq ghjvsiktyyjcnb^ cjcnjzdifzcz d 1987 u&^ htrjvtyljdfkf^ xnj,s >YBLJ gjllth;bdfkf ghjvsiktyyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybq^ drk.xfz af,hbxyjt ghjbpdjlcndj hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd^ ekexityye. nt[yjkjub. ghjbpdjlcndf hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd^ f nfr;t hfphf,jnre nt[yjkjubb lkz cnfylfhnbpfwbb ghjbpdjlcndf hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd& >YBLJ d yfcnjzott dhtvz jrfpsdftn gjllth;re hfpdbdf.obvcz cnhfyfv d b[ ecbkbz[ gj cjplfyb. ghjvsiktyyjuj gjntywbfkf lkz ghjbpdjlcndf hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd& >YBLJ exfcndjdfkf d rjycekmnfwbb DJP gj cjcnfdktyb.

Vjyjuhfabq gj jnltkmysv ktrfhcndtyysv hfcntybzv&

Ltzntkmyjcnm Dctvbhyjq jhufybpfwbb byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb (DJBC)

(http://www.wipo.org/) ‘gjcdzotyf cjltqcndb. bcgjkmpjdfyb. b j[hfyt htpekmnfnjd xtkjdtxtcrjuj byntkktrnf\& Jyf herjdjlbn jceotcndktybtv 21 vt;leyfhjlyjuj cjukfitybz^ rfcf.ob[cz hfpkbxys[ fcgtrnjd j[hfys byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb& D 1998 u& ujcelfhcndf-xktys DJBC ghtlkj;bkb Jhufybpfwbb yfxfnm jceotcndktybt ghjuhfvvs hf,jns gj byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb b yfhjlysv pyfybzv& C nt[ gjh DJBC ghjdtkf Fpbfncrbq htubjyfkmysq ctvbyfh gj djghjcfv byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb d j,kfcnb yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys (d Ym.-Ltkb^ d jrnz,ht 1998 u&) b hf,jnfkf c >YTG d ghjdtltybb lde[ ntvfnbxtcrb[ bccktljdfybq j hjkb ghfd byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb d cjdvtcnyjv bcgjkmpjdfybb ghtbveotcnd^ gjkexftvs[ d htpekmnfnt bcgjkmpjdfybz ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybq b cdzpfyys[ cj pyfybzvb YV& Jyf ghtlghbyzkf nfr;t vbccbb gj gjbcre afrnbxtcrjq byajhvfwbb j, byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb b yfhjlys[ pyfybz[ (1998-1999 uu&) b ghjdtkf ldf cjdtofybz rheukjuj cnjkf gj byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb b yfhjlysv pyfybzv& Jyf hfphf,jnfkf nfr;t vjltkm "ktrnhjyyjq ,b,kbjntrb yfhjlys[ pyfybq (TKDL)^ drk.xf.oe. byajhvfwb. ghb,kbpbntkmyj j 50 ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybz[ b cdzpfyys[ c ybvb yfhjlys[

40