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ГОС_1 / The English verbs. Subclasses of verbs in English

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9. The verb & its general characteristics. Subclasses of verbs.

Verb is a part of speech that denotes an action, It has the following grammatical categories:

- person - aspect

- number - voice

- tense - mood

These categories may be expressed by means of affixes, innaflexions (change of the route vowel) and by form words. According to the functional verbs perform in the sentence; they can form finite(особові) and non-finite forms. The finite form can be used as the predicate of the sentence. The non-finite can’t be used as the predicate of the sentence, they are called “verbals” (Participle I, II, Infinitive, Gerund). According to the morphological structure verbs can be divided into:

- simple

- derivative (rewrite, undo)

- compound (day-dream, brain-beat)

- composite (give up, sit down).

3. The basic forms of the verb are:

- the infinitive

- the past indefinite

- the participle II

speak – spoke – spoken.

According to the syntactical function verbs are divided into: notional verbs – always have a lexical meaning of their own and have an independent syntactical function in the sentence (may be used as a simple predicate). auxiliary verbs – have only grammatical function used in analytical form.link verbs – which have lost their lexical meaning to some extend and are used in compound nominal predicate.

6.A verb can be

- transitive which can take:

a) a direct object

They express an action which passes on to a thing or object directly.

b)direct and indirect object.

c) prepositional object

intransitive verbs can’t take a direct object.

7. Semantically all verbs can be divided into:

- terminative

- non-terminative

a) Terminative verbs amply a limit beyond which an action can’t continue. (to break).

b) Non-terminative denote an action which don’t amply any limit. (to love, to live, to posses).

c) Verbs of double lexical character/aspect. These verbs in certain context have a terminative meaning, and in other – a derivative.