ГОС_1 / Примеры стилистических приемов на экзамен по стилистике

Примеры стилистических приемов на экзамен по стилистике

Метафора

The wind was a torrent of darkness among the gusty trees,

The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas,

The road was a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,

And the highwayman came riding--

Riding--riding--

The highwayman came riding, up to the old inn-door. (The Highwayman by Alfred Noyes)

I'm not an angel, but I wouldn't behave like that.

Dear Nature is the kindest Mother still.”Byron, “Childe Harold” Geniue metaphor

Her soul was a lighted candle in a lantern, flickering in the wind so that its flame was hardly seen, and the lantern was useless; but presently the wind of Death was stilled, and the light shone out and filled the darkness”.Somerset Maugham “Mrs Craddock ” Sustained metaphor

I’m a sheep without a radar or a night without a star – Shakespeare) noun m

Tenor vehicle ground Подберезовиков поглядел на нее как редактор на опечатку

Аллитерация

"Come…dragging the lazy languid Line along" (James Thomson)

from Beowulf: "gan under gyldnum beage, þær þa godan twegen"

Звукоподражание

What about the joke:

Knock-knock Who's there?

Boo

Boo who?

Don't cry, I was only joking

Sir Alfred Tennyson's poem 'Come Down, O Maid', m and n sounds produce an atmosphere of murmuring insects:

... the moan of doves in immemorial elms,

And murmuring of innumerable bees.

Ассонанс

Cormac McCarthy's «Outer Dark»

And stepping softly with her air of blooded ruin about the glade in a frail agony of grace she trailed her rags through dust and ashes, circling the dead fire, the charred billets and chalk bones, the little calcined ribcage.

*Hear the mellow wedding bells. — Edgar Allan Poe, "The Bells"

*And murmuring of innumerable bees - Alfred Lord Tennyson, "The Princess" VII.203

Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn. - William Wordsworth, "The world is too much with us"

Hear the mellow wedding bells. — Edgar Allan Poe, "The Bells"

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness - John Keats, "Ode to Autumn

Парономазия

lucky ( удачный) and a country house in its typically Russian variant (дача)- appear simultaneously within the limits of one word - уДачный - thanks to their similar sounding and graphics. You see that without the capital letter Д it would be more difficult to evoke the idea of дача.

Аллегория

``I am the Vine, ye are the branches'[--John xv. 1-6]

Антономазия

“He took little satisfaction in telling each Mary, something…” the attribute “each”, used with the name, turns it into a common noun denoting any woman.

the Bard for Shakespeare, Casanova

Архаизм

methinks =it seems to me, nay =no, palfrey =a small horse

Повтор

Анафора

“Please believe me when I say

This is how it has to end

This is easy on us all

Well easier than other ways

Sleep is all I ask of you

Sleep and not to wake again

See this through and leave my friend

Tears will come and I will end”

Эпифора

“I am exactly the man to be placed in a superior position in such a case as that. I am above the rest of mankind, in such a case as that. I can act with philosophy in such a case as that”.

Фрэйминг

Miserable creature! She thought always of the dead child that had never lived, and her heart ached. But above all she was tormented by the idea that all her pain had been futile…Miserable creature!”

Somerset Maugham “Mrs Craddock ”

Анадиплосис

*"Information is not knowledge, knowledge is not wisdom, wisdom is not truth, truth is not beauty, beauty is not love, love is not music and music is the best." — Frank Zappa

*"Strength through purity, purity through faith." —Chancellor Adam Sutler, V for Vendetta

Цепной повтор

“A smile would come into Mr. Pickwick’s face: the smile extended into a laugh: the laugh into a roar, and the roar became general”Dickens

Эллипсис

So Justice Oberwaltzer – solemnly and didactically from his high seat to the jury”.

Dreiser

Апосиопесис

"You simply had to tear your way in." And again an aposiopesis: "If everything had been different, Fenella might have got the giggles ..."

Apokinou

It was he told me about it. There was a door led to the kitchen.

Climax

No beggar implored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked him what it was o’clock, no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge. Even the blind men’s dogs appeared to know him, and when they saw him coming on, would tug their owners into doorways and up courts; and then would wag their tails, as though they said “No eye at all is better than an evil eye, dark master!”Dickens

Литота

This is no small problem

She was not a little upset' meaning `She was extremely upset'

Ирония

There's nothing sadder than the childless couple.  It breaks one's heart to see them stretched out relaxing around the swimming pool--sitting all sun-tanned on the decks of their boats.

THE JOY OF PARENTHOOD (magazine article)

Bathos

"They grieved for those who perished with the cutter And also for the biscuit-casks and butter." (Byron)

Оксюморон

: delicious poison, low skyscraper, pleasantly ugly, sweet sorrow, proud humility, 'She was a damned nice woman',

Гипербола

a thousand pardons, scared to death, 'I'd give the world to see him', 'I would give the whole world to know', etc.

Персонификация

The long arm of the law will catch him in the end.

Асиндетон

Bertha also began talking of home and Court Leys; she had always lived more in the future than in the in the present, and even in this, the time of her greatest happiness, looked forward to the days to come at Leanham when complete bliss would indeed be hers”.

Полисиндетон

From all that terror teaches,

From lies of tongue and pen,

From all the easy speeches

That comfort cruel men,

From sale and profanation

Of honour and the sword,

From sleep and from damnation,

Deliver us, good Lord!

“A Hymn” G.K.Chesterton

Somerset Maugham “Mrs Craddock

Зевгма

“Dora, plunging at once into privileged intimacy and into the middle of the room

Pun

“And so to bed”.

Carmarthen Journal (24 May 1995). The headline.

"Did you hit a woman with a child?" - "No, Sir, I hit her with a brick."

Антитеза

Youth is lovely, age is lonely,

Youth is fiery, age is frosty; Longfellow

Оксюморон

He was now sufficiently composed to order a funeral of modest magnificence, suitable at once to the rank of a Nouradin's profession, and the reputation of his wealth.

Samuel Johnson

Перифраз

I understand you are poor, and wish to earn money by nursing the little boy, my son, who has been so prematurely deprived of what can never be replaced.”Дикенс

a gentleman of the long robe (a lawyer), the fair sex (women), a play of swords (a battle), etc.

Эвфемизм

One can never tell, dear Bertha. I think you ought to be prepared. One can never tell when he is to join the majority”.

Somerset Maugham “Mrs Craddock

Эпитет

a dog of a fellow" (Dickens); "a devil of a job" (Maugham); "A little Flying Dutchman of a cab" (Galsworthy) reversed epithet

It is this do-it-yourself, go-it-alone attitude that has thus far held back real development of the Middle East’s river resources”.N.Y.T. Magazine

Detachment

"He had been nearly killed, ingloriously, in a jeep accident."

I have to beg you for money. Daily."

Парцелляция

I realized his horse was the first to come. Again. I thought I was finished.

Стилистическая инверсия

In went Mr.Pickwick”.Dickens

So determined was he to do nothing that he refused his first customer”

“The Mayor of Caster bridge,” T.Hardy

With fingers weary and worn…”Thomas Hood

Параллелизм

Passage after passage did he explore; room after room did he peep into.

Хиазмус

Mr. Boffin looked full at the man, and the man looked full at Mr. Boffin.

The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker and the chief mourner. Scrooge signed it.”Dickens

Simile

His mind was restless, but it worked perversely and thoughts jerked through his brain like the misfirings of a defective carburetor.”

Andrew's face looked as if it were made of a rotten apple.

Метонимия

the Stage = the theatrical profession; the Crown = the King or Queen; a hand = a worker; etc.

Miss Tox’s hand trembled as she slipped it through Mr. Dombey’s arm, and felt herself escorted up the steps, preceded by a cocked hat and a Babylonian collar”

Charles Dickens “Dombey and Son”

Синекдоха

“They must place him behind bars.”Maugham

Substitution

While there’s life, there’s hope→ While there’s death, there’s hope

Extension

Poverty is not a sin – but a great deal worse

Инверсия

At no time did he get permission for what he was doing.

Not until the next morning did she realise how serious it was.

Quasi-negative statements.

They’re supposed to find diamonds

- Diamonds – my food! (“Pigmaleon Show”)

Alliteration: Through florescence and feud, frosts and fires it follows the laws of progression." Onomatopoeia "bowwow", "murmur", "bump", "grumble", "sizzle" and many more. assonance – Deep into the darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams before”. Paronomasia Now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this son of York" Antonomasia - Mr.Snake or Mr.Backbite Repetition - Christopher Robin said nothing, but his eyes got larger and larger, and his face got pinker and pinker. Anaphora and Epiphora - You have a house, Piglet and I have a house, and they are very good houses, and Christopher Robin has a house and Owl and Kanga and Rabbit have their houses and even Rabbit’s friends and relations have houses, but poor Eeyore has nothing. Epithet - `shady hat'; `long scissors'; `old lady'; `long candles'; `great cool rooms' Irony - Oh, I love London Society! I think it has immensely improved. It is entirely composed now of beautiful brilliant lunatics. Just what Society should be.” Hyperbola - Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old. Oxymoron - cold fire”, “brawling love”

Asyndeton - With a laugh he would rise, stretch himself, swing round his lenses, put the slides away. Rhyme - Loveliest of trees, the cherry now:Is hung with bloom along the bough Gap-sentence link - "It wasn't his fault. It was yours. And mine. I now humbly beg you to give me the money with which to buy meals for you to eat. And hereafter do remember it: the next time I shan't beg. I shall simply starve." Zeugma - Dora was plunging at once into privileged intimacy and into the middle of the room. pun - Lord Goring: My dear farther, only people who look dull ever get into the House of Commons, and only people who are dull ever succeed there”. Euphemism - 'to die' - to pass away, to expire, to be no more, to depart, to join the majority, to be gone, and the more facetious ones: to kick the bucket, to give up the ghost. Detachment - I have to beg you for money. Daily". Inversion - Never had Henry Pootel-Piglet run so fast as he ran then. Chiasmus - All the married men live like bachelors, and all the bachelors like married men”. Simily - From up here on the fourteenth floor, my brother Charley looks like an insect scurrying among other insects." Metaphor - This about me, a whisper on the fringe of a crowd…' Metonymy - This about me, a whisper on the fringe of a crowd…' Synecdoche - fifty sail for fifty ships; the smiling year for spring