Гос филология / Гос филология / Теор.грамматика / 13. The theory of parts of speech and their interaction
.docThe theory of parts of speech and their interaction
Parts of speech occupy the central position in the language system as they present the meeting point of lexicon and grammar of language. The word possesses (обладать) three main aspects: meaning, form and function. They are the criteria of classifying the lexicon into parts of speech.
Words belonging to one part of speech possess a common categorical meaning. Categorical meanings are such generalized abstract meaning as substance for nouns, action for verbs, property for adjective (прил) and property of property for adverbs. The semantic properties of words are projected (проектировать) into their functional (syntactic) properties.
Primary (осн) syntactic function are: subject, object and predicative for nouns;
attribute and predicative for adjectives; adverbial modifier for adverbs.
All words in English are subdivided into notional and functional.
Notional parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.
Functional : prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, particles, articles.
Notional functional
Meaning lexical meaning no lexical meaning
Form system of grammatical form no grammatical forms
F
unction
independent part of the Ǿ
sentence
The first common classification : they are not homogeneous
Functional verbs: auxiliary verb; Modal verb; Modelyzed; Phasal; link-verbs
The parts of speech are characterized by a field, they may occupied the central and periphery.
Periphery is a zone where parts of speech interact with each other.
Common zone – words, which share nominal and adjectable characteristics.
The process of interaction can be interpreted as the use of one part of speech in the sphere of another part of speech. The most common way of functional interaction between parts of speech is the syntactic or functional transposition.
Functional, or syntactic transposition is a syntagmatic process which consists in the use of a word belonging to one part of speech in the syntactic function characteristic of another part of speech.
Transposition – no a new word appears ( the best die young–лучшее умереть молодым, the best- лучший). Functions of transposition are compensatory (We served ourselves Chinese style Мы обслуживаем себя по-китайски./adverb instead adjective/) and expressive ( He thinks the world of you. (он думает вы для него весь мир)/noun instead adverb)