Гос филология / Гос филология / Лексикология / 8. Literary Bookish

Literary Bookish: general LB- known to all educated speakers irrespective of their profession and occupation. They are typical of written speech, polished speech, lectures. The term learned includes several heterogeneous subdivision of words. Here we find- a) numerous words of scientific prose that can be identified by their dry flavour. (comprise, heterogenious) b) officialese- words of official beurocrate /assist-help, proceed-continue, whereby, furthermore. c) literary refind words. Mostly polysyllabic words drawn from the romance lan-s. They are associated with the lofty context in which they have been used for centuries./ solitude, sentiment, fascination.

Functional LB a) terms- a word specially employed in a brunch of knowledge, science, technique to convey a notion peculiar to this brunch, term has fixed denotator. All the terms of a certain brunch of science, technique form its terminology which is reflected in special terminological dictionary. Terms should be monosemantic./ palatalisation/ , sometimes 2 or more meanings within one and the same department of knowledge. /

Etymology- a brunch of ling-s studing the origin of words, the origin of word. There can be one or more terminological meanings. /Dress- перевязывать, приготав. землю к посеву, выстраиваться. Some terms become widely kown outside a sphere /electricity,vers,consonants/

Terms contain a lot of words of latin and greek origin/formula,index-Latin. b) neologisms- new words or combinations built or borrowed of word which serve as new names for new or old things and which are felt by speakers as smth new.c) archaic words-in the development of lang some words grow old and drop out of it-archaic words. When a word becomes rarely used, when it is gradually passing out of general use we call it obsolescent /thou, thee,thine,didst/ We can differentiate betw lexical archaisms and grammatical archaisms. Lexical-albeit- хотя foe-враг hearken-слушать,gon-там ,perchance-может быть Gram-al 1. the forms of 3^rd personsing. hath-has, doth, peaketh 2. 2^nd person sing with suffix –th art, speakest, doest 3.personal pronouns of second person- thow, thee, thy,thine. Sne archaic elements may be founding common Eng words/garlic- ga-копье. Archaisms shouldn`t be mixed with historical words, denoting the notions of previous epochs. Histor. words denote words which are no longer in use. They perform a historical descriptive function/ mail-кольчуга archer- стрелок spear-копье. d) Barbarisms-borrowed words completely unassimilated in the Eng lang though known to every Eng speaker. They usually have their native neutral synonyms/ brochure- bucklet, belle-letre-fiction/ e) Poetic words- words used in poetry, these words are mosre abstract in their denotative meaning than their neutral synonyms. They have poetic connotation.