Vdovichev_A._Perevod_ekonomicheskikh_tekstov

А.В. Вдовичев, Н.П. Науменко

перевод экономических текстов

Учебное пособие

Москва Издательство «ФЛИНТА» Издательство «Наука»

2012

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УДК 811.111’25(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-7-923

В25

Вдовичев А.В.

В25 Перевод экономических текстов: учеб. пособие / А.В. Вдовичев, Н.П. Науменко. — М. : Флинта : Наука, 2012. — 228 с.

ISBN 978-5-9765-1338-9 (Флинта)

ISBN 978-5-02-037807-0 (Наука)

Целью настоящего издания является формирование знаний, умений­ и навыков, необходимых для выполнения перевода текстов официально­ -деловой и экономической тематики с английского языка на русский и с русского языка на английский через усвоение терминологии и жанровых особенностей делового дискурса.

Для студентов, специализирующихся в сфере официально-дело­ вого­ перевода, также может использоваться как основное или дополнительное пособие по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей.

УДК 811.111’25(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-7-923

ISBN 978-5-9765-1338-9	(Флинта)	© Вдовичев А.В., Науменко Н.П.,
ISBN 978-5-02-037807-0	(Наука)	2012
		© Издательство «Флинта», 2012

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Contents
Предисловие .................................................................................................	4
Unit I. Economics and Its Concepts ...........................................................	6
Unit II . Business and Its Forms of Organization ....................................	26
Unit III. Banks and Banking System .......................................................	46
Unit IV.Accounting and Reporting ..........................................................	80
Unit V. Capital and Finance ....................................................................	111
Unit VI. Management. Marketing ..........................................................	142
Unit VII. Economic Globalization .........................................................	162
Appendix 1. Incoterms ...................................................................................	186
Appendix 2. Major Job Titles in Business .....................................................	190
Appendix 3. World’s Major Currencies .........................................................	193
Appendix 4. MajorAbbreviations andAcronyms in Economics
and Finance .............................................................................................	206
Literature .....................................................................................................	226

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Учебное пособие состоит из семи разделов и четырех приложений, а каждый раздел — из двух частей. Первая часть предназначена для формирования навыков и умений перевода официально-деловых текстов с английского языка на русский, а вторая — с русского на английский. Тематически деловой контекст семи разделов представлен следующими основными предметными областями: экономика как научная дисциплина, коммерческая деятельность и юридические формы ее организации, финансы и финансовые рынки, банки и банковское дело, бухгалтерский учет, менеджмент и маркетинг, экономическая глобализация.

В каждом разделе даются терминологические списки и три текста по каждой из указанных тем для изучения контекста с целью последующего перевода. Текстам предшествуют задания на предпереводческий анализ их структурной, лексической

ифразеологической систем. Актуализация терминологии осуществляется на базе подстановочных и трансформационных упражнений.

Навыки реферативного перевода, перевода с листа и, в конечном итоге, полного письменного перевода формируются также на базе поиска различных типов информации, анализа переводческих соответствий и трансформационных процедур, используемых переводчиком для преобразования исходного текста в текст перевода с учетом требований адекватности перевода.

Тексты для перевода, отобранные из ведущих англоязычных

ирусскоязычных изданий в области финансов, банковской и хозяйственной деятельности, маркетинга и менеджмента, являясь логическим продолжением лекционного и семинарского курсов основ экономических знаний, обеспечивают фоновые знания будущих переводчиков, специализирующихся в деловой коммуникации, стимулируют развитие у студентов умения пользоваться специализированными словарями и справочниками.

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Все тексты разной степени сложности и могут использоваться как для аудиторной работы под руководством преподавателя, так и для самостоятельной.

Приложения включают перечни мировых валют, таможенных терминовисокращений,общепринятыхвкоммерческойдеятельности.

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Unit I

Economics and its Concepts

Part I. Translation from English into Russian

1. Give Russian equivalents of the following terms.

1.	aggregate demand	26.	labor
2.	aggregate supply	27.	land
3.	allocate	28.	macroeconomics
4.	alternative use	29.	means of production
5.	bias	30.	merge
6.	capital	31.	mesoeconomics
7.	consumer	32.	microeconomics
8.	consumer goods	33.	national economy
9.	consumption	34.	natural resources
10. demand		35.	normative economics
11. economic security		36.	opportunity cost
12. economics		37.	per capita
13. economy		38.	positive economics
14. entrepreneurship		39.	production
15. factors of production		40.	scarcity
16. free goods		41.	standard of living
17. GDP		42.	supermacroeconomics
18. gross exports		43.	supply
19. gross imports		44.	tangible goods
20. goods		45.	to bear losses
21. government spending		46.	to curtail
22. household		47.	to reap profits
23. human needs		48.	total production
24. inflation		49.	unemployment
25. intangible goods		50.	want (n.)

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2.Read texts 1-4.

3.Study the following, paying attention to the terms and their con­ textual use:

a) what economics is;

b) what positive economics means; c) what normative economics means;

d) how to define main concepts and components of economics as a science.

4.Pick out the idiomatic expressions and give their Russian equi­va­ lents.

5.Pick out the abbreviations from the texts below and give their Rus­­ sian equivalents.

Text 1

Economics as an Academic Discipline

Any science starts with a definition. We must take the definition apart before it can be put together in a meaningful way.The definition willbedevelopedintoacleardescriptionofthescienceofeconomics. Every time you come to a new text or exercise in this Part of Unit I, look back to the definition to see where and why the new material fits into the definition.

Economics is a social science that studies how society chooses to allocate its scarce resources, which have alternative uses, to provide goods and services for present and future consumption.

The definition starts “Economics is” and that is what is being de­ fined. So the remaining words need to be understood to make sense of the notion “economics”. Let us start with goods and services.

Goods and Services

Whatexactlyaregoodsandservices?Goods areanythingthatsa­ tisfies a want. That is the purpose of production — to provide goods

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that satisfy wants. So goods are produced, and the consumption of those goods satisfies wants. Goods can be tangible or intangible. Tangible­ goods are physical items, such as bulldozers or pizzas. Intangible goods, such as medical care or education are called services. Both goods and services satisfy wants and therefore can be called goods.

Resources

The satisfaction of wants can only be accomplished by using up resources, the inputs, the so-called factors of production or means of production. These resources can be classified as land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

Land is land itself and anything that grows on it or can be taken from it are the “natural resources”. Imagine producing anything from a pizza to a medical doctor without the use of land somewhere along the productive process. Labor, another resource, is a human effort, both physical and mental.

The resource capital is also known as capital goods. An econo­ mist's use of capital is not a reference to money but to a resource. Capital is a man-made tool of production; it is goods that have been produced for use in the production of other goods. Goods are produ­ ced for one of two purposes. Goods may be consumer goods used for the satisfaction of wants, which is the ultimate purpose of production. Or goods may be capital goods produced not for consumption but for use in producing more goods, either consumer or capital. So capital goods,suchasamechanic'swrenchoraschoolbuilding,areresources that have been produced and that will combine with other resources, such as land and labor, to produce more output.

Some goods may be consumer goods in one use and capital­ goods in another use. For example, consider a personal computer­. When the computer is used to play solitaire, it is consumer goods. On the other hand, when it is used as a word processor to write a textbook, it is capi­tal­ goods. To tell whether goods are consumer goods or capital goods, ask yourself a question: are the goods going to be consumed

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directly or will they be used to produce more goods? If they are to be consumed directly and purchased by consumers, they are consumer goods; if they are to be used to produce other goods and purchased by business,­ they are a capital goods.

Entrepreneurship is again human effort. Entrepreneurs are the risk takers. They are more than managers, although they use managerial ability. Entrepreneurs reap the profits or bear the losses of their un­ dertakings. Entrepreneurship is the organizational force that combi­ nes the other factors of production — land, labor, and capital — and transforms them into the desired output. The output may be capital or consumer goods, but ultimately consumer goods are produced to satisfy wants.

Scarcity

Resourcesarescarce.Scarcity isarelationshipbetweenhowmuch there is of something and how much of it is wanted. Resources are scarce compared to all of the uses we have for them. If we want to use more than there is of an item, it is scarce. Note that this meaning is different from the usual meaning of scarce, which is “rarely found in nature.” How are they different? Consider this example. Is water scarce? How could anyone argue that water is scarce in the usual sense?­ Water covers nearly two-thirds of the earth's surface. Yet an economist would say that water is scarce. Why? The reason is that there are so many competing uses for water that more water is wanted than is available. If you find this hard to believe, ask farmers and ran­ chers in the West, where water rights are jealously guarded. As soon as someone is willing to pay for a goods, or a resources, it is scarce by the economist's definition.

Consider scarcity from another point of view. What if scarcity did not exist? Then all goods would be free goods. Free goods would mean that you could have all you want of everything without having to give up something else you also want. Can you think of goods that arenotscarce?Theremaybesome.Takeair,forexample.Isn'titfree? What do you have to give up to get air? In some locations, it probably

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