Spotlight-11Teachers-Book Workbook Keys / Spotlight-11 Teachers-Book

6c

Grammar in Use

5

He told Tony that he could speak many

11

Working with dependent prepositions

Focus

languages.

ñ Refer

Ss

to Appendix

1. Elicit/Explain the

6 She said that I shouldn’t have lied to him.

meaning of the dependent prepositions.

ñ Ss complete the task.

ñ Inivite Ss to read out the complete sentences.

Answer Key

1

on

3

about

5

to/for

2

of

4

of

6 d Literature

Objectives

Reading: an extract from White Fang (gapped text)

Skills ― reading for confirmation

― reading for detailed comprehension

Vocabulary: animal sounds

Writing: arguing the benefits of having a pet

1Focus Introducing the subject of a work of

literature

ñFocus Ss’ attention on the picture. Ask Ss to think which wild animal is shown.

ñSs read the biography to confirm the correct answer.

Answer Key

The wild animal in the picture is a wolf-dog (half wolf, half dog).

2Focus Predicting the content of a text

ñInstruct Ss to look at the pictures again. Elicit from Ss what the text could be about.

ñSs read and check for confirmation.

Suggested Answer Key

I think the extract is about a man getting hurt and his wolf-dog goes to get help.

3Focus Reading for comprehension and text

structure/completing a text

ñAsk Ss to look at the eight sentences and explain that seven of them have been removed from the text and must be put back into their appropriate position.

ñSs read the entire text again and begin to replace the missing sentences. Ask Ss to read the text one more time to ensure the sentences have been replaced in the correct positions.

ñCheck Ss’ answers, asking which words helped them decide.

144

	Answer Key
	1	C	3	A	5	D	7 E
	2	G	4	F	6	H
			Practising vocabulary
4 a)		Focus

ñDraw Ss’ attention to the verbs. Explain that they are words to describe how animals and people move/sound. Ss check their meanings using the Word List.

ñSs complete the sentences with the appropriate verb.

ñCheck Ss’ answers.

Answer Key
1	barked	3	growl	5	shook
2	stumble	4	panting	6	screamed

b)Focus Developing vocabulary

ñAsk Ss to try to guess the meaning of the words from the context before checking in their dictionaries.

ñSs provide a synonym, a definition or example sentence to show their understanding.

Suggested Answer Key

whined: made a long, sad, high-pitched sound attention: concentration

remainder: amount left over sharp: sudden and strong

turn upon them: change from being friendly to being aggressive

comforted: made someone feel emotionally better

breed: type of animal

dragged on it: pulled at something twitched: made an uncontrolled movement decisively: in a quick, clear manner

5Focus Matching animals to the noises they

make

ñExplain the task and complete item 1 as an example.

ñAllow Ss time to complete the rest of the exercise.

Literature 6d

ñSs compare answers with a partner.

ñCheck Ss’ answers and ask Ss to provide equivalents in their L1.

Answer Key
1	e	3	h	5	j	7	i	9	b
2	f	4	g	6	c	8	a	10	d

6Focus Reading for detailed comprehension

of White Fang’s character

ñBrainstorm with Ss different qualities people/animals can have (e.g. (un)faithfulness) and write them on the board.

ñExplain the task and check Ss’ understanding of the qualities listed in the rubric.

ñPlay the recording of the literature extract to Ss as they follow the text in their books.

ñAllow Ss time to complete the task in small groups. Monitor the activity and encourage Ss to justify their answers with close references to the extract.

Answer Key

obedience ― He turned and trotted reluctantly away; and this time he obeyed

determination ― he struggled with all his body, shaking with the effort

anger ― He growled and tried to push by them; Growling savagely/fiercely

unwillingness ― White Fang didn’t want to leave him

understanding ― White Fang knew the meaning of ‘home’ ..., he knew it was his will that he should go home

faithfulness ― He regarded him sadly, started away, then returned and whined softly

7Focus Explaining a quotation and finding

examples in the text

ñRead out the quotation to the class and explain the task.

ñSs look for examples in the text in small groups.

ñInvite groups to feed back to the class.

145

6d			Literature
			Suggested Answer Key				Suggested Answer Key
			The quotation means that White Fang loved his				S1: I think White Fang is reliable. I say this
			master deeply and would do whatever				because his master can count on him at all
			necessary to please his master.				times, like when he was in trouble.
			The master talked to him gently but seriously,				S2: I see White Fang as being sensitive because
			and he cocked his ears, and listened with				of the way he cocks his ears and whines
			painful attention.				gently when his master speaks to him. etc
			His throat twitched, but made no sound, while
			he struggled with all his body, shaking with the
			effort to rid himself of the unspeakable		10		Focus	Writing about how children benefit
			something that struggled for expression.				from having	a pet
			They were all on their feet now, and White			ñ Ask Ss the question in the rubric.
			Fang ran down the steps, looking back for them			ñ Allow Ss exactly three minutes to write on the
			to follow. For the second and last time in his				topic.
			life he had barked and made himself			ñ Ss exchange writing with a partner for peer
			understood.				correction.
							Suggested Answer Key
8		Focus		Discussing how White Fang felt for
							Children can benefit from having a pet in many
	his master
							ways. First of all, there is the responsibility
	ñ Read out the questions in the rubric.
							that comes when a child has to look after a
	ñ In pairs, Ss discuss.
							pet. They will have to feed it, walk/clean it
	ñ Invite pairs to feed back to the class.
							and make sure it is in good health. Secondly,
							from this responsibility, the child gets a deeper
			Suggested Answer Key
							understanding of what it is like to be a parent
			A: I think White Fang felt very close to his				in a position of responsibility. Thirdly, the child
			master because they spent a lot of time				has either a playmate or something to occupy
			together.				their time instead of watching TV. Lastly,
			B: Yes, I agree. I also think he respected his				having a pet is an education for any child in
			master and felt very grateful for having a				which they not only learn about nature but
			good home.				they also learn valuable life-lessons.

A:I think White Fang felt a lot of affection for Weedon because he understood that Weedon believed in him and trusted him. etc

9Focus Attributing human qualities to White

Fang

ñAsk Ss which human qualities can be attributed to White Fang. Give Ss 2 minutes to write down their ideas.

ñFollow up with a whole class discussion. Encourage Ss to justify their opinions.

146

6 e Writing Skills

Objectives

Reading: a for-and-against essay

Skills ― reading for specific information

―reading to understand cohesion

―structure and style

Writing: impersonal style; a for-and-against essay

1Focus Listing advantages and disadvantages

ñSs’ books closed, ask: What kind of essay is a for-and-against essay? (an essay which discusses the pros and cons of an issue) What should it include? (an introduction/main body/conclusion) What style are they written in? (formal, impersonal style) What techniques can we use in for-and-against essays to make them more interesting for the reader? (address reader directly, include quotations and rhetorical questions)

ñSs’ books open, read through the theory box.

ñWrite up the essay title ‘Should it be compulsory to learn a foreign language at school?’ and explain the task.

ñArrange Ss in pairs and allow Ss 3-5 minutes to write the advantages/disadvantages.

ñSs swap lists with their partner so that they can share ideas.

Suggested Answer Key advantages:

‘opens doors’ to another culture ― broadens Ss’ minds

is fun to learn another language is very useful when travelling can be useful in future career

disadvantages:

Some students may find it difficult enough to learn their own language!

Students may feel embarrassed to speak in another tongue

Students should learn foreign languages in a more natural environment ― not in the classroom

2 a) Focus Reading for confirmation

ñRead the model essay aloud to the class.

ñAsk students if any of their arguments were mentioned.

(Ss’ own answers)

b)Focus Reading for specific information

ñRead out the questions in the rubric.

ñAllow Ss a few minutes to answer.

ñConfirm the correct answers.

Answer Key

The writer has used a direct question to begin the essay and a quotation to end it.

The writer’s opinion is in the final paragraph.

3Focus Completing a table

ñExplain the task.

ñAllow Ss time to complete the table.

ñCheck answers with the class.

Answer Key

Advantages	Examples
ñ improves future	ñmore and more
job prospects	businesses work
	closely with clients
	in other countries
ñ rewarding when	ñavoids confusion;
travelling	shows respect and
	understanding for
	other cultures
ñ improves pupils’	ñ helps in other
analytical skills	subjects e.g. Maths
Disadvantages	Examples
ñ pupils should spend	ñ not all jobs require
the time improving	a foreign language
their native
language	ñ pupils may not
ñ some pupils may be
put off languages	enjoy learning a
for life	language they are
	forced to do at
	school

147

6e

Writing Skills

4

Focus

Analysing the use of linking words

The sentences that support the topic sentences

and phrases

in a model essay

are in the paragraph that follows. They include

ñ Read through the table with Ss and clarify any

examples, details and reasons/justifications.

vocabulary as necessary.

ñ Ss reread the model essay and complete the

b)

Focus

Constructing an effective

task individually.

paragraph

ñ Ss compare answers with a partner.

ñ Explain the task.

Answer Key

ñ Ss answer individually.

ñ Elicit answers from Ss around the class.

however ― to introduce contrasting points

To start with ― to introduce points

Answer Key

In addition ― to add more points

Lastly ― to add more points

A

5

B 2

C 1

D 4

E 3

such as ― to introduce examples

On the other hand ― to introduce contrasting

C is the topic sentence .

points

Taking everything into consideration ― to

conclude

6

Focus

Writing topic sentences and

supporting

sentences

Suggested Answer Key however in contrast

To start with First of all, Firstly, In the first place

In addition Secondly, Furthermore, Not to mention the fact that

Lastly last but not least

such as for example, in particular, like

On the other hand In contrast; However, Nonetheless

Taking everything into consideration In conclusion, All things considered, Taking everything in account, All in all

5 a) Focus Identifying topic and supporting

sentences

ñRead out the questions in the rubric and allow Ss time to answer individually.

ñCheck answers with the class.

Answer Key

Topic sentences

ñThere are many reasons why forcing students to learn a language is a good idea (para 2)

ñOn the other hand, some believe that there are some disadvantages to making a foreign language compulsory (para 3)

ñDraw Ss’ attention to the notes.

ñExplain the task.

ñSs answer in pairs.

ñElicit answers from pairs around the class.

Answer Key

1However, there are some disadvantages to the press having the freedom to print whatever they want.

2On the other hand, there are some benefits to using the Internet.

3There are a number of arguments in favour of text messaging.

4There are several major disadvantages to meeting new friends on the Internet.

Suggested Answer Key

ñOne disadvantage is that newspapers pry into people’s private lives and may not print the truth.

ñTo begin with, the Internet has a huge amount of information that cannot be found in a library. Furthermore, it is quick and easy to use.

ñOne major advantage is that it is cheap and effective for short messages. Also, people can send and receive messages without disturbing others.

148

Writing Skills 6e

ñOne potential problem is that people can give false information about themselves. As a result, we do not know who we can trust.

7Focus Rewriting sentences using a more

impersonal style

ñSs choose one and write a suitable ending. Remind Ss to include the quotation together with their opinion/a balanced summary.

Answer Key

A 2

B 3

C 1

ñ Read out sentences 1-4 with Ss and elicit what is

SuggestedAnswer Key

wrong with them (they are written in the wrong

To

conclude, there are

advantages

and

style).

disadvantages to watching the news on TV. It

ñ

Draw Ss’ attention to the language in brackets

probably comes down to a matter of personal

and explain the task.

preference. However, we should not forget

ñ

Ss answer

individually and then

compare

that, as someone once said, “99.99% of what

answers with a partner.

happens is not on the news.”

Answer Key

1

Studies have shown that students can

10

Understanding a rubric

Focus

develop useful skills by learning an ancient

ñ In pairs, Ss read the rubrics, underline the key

language like Latin.

words and answer the questions.

2 Many are of the opinion that famous people

ñ Monitor Ss’ progress around the class and offer

have every right to live their private lives

assistance when necessary.

without the intrusion of the media.

ñ Invite a pair of Ss to answer for each rubric.

3

It can be argued that tabloid newspapers

are more interesting to read than

Answer Key

broadsheets.

4

Some believe that English is not the only

A

key

words: announcement;

international

foreign language worth learning.

student magazine; essays; pros and cons;

tell us what you think; 120-180 words

Analysing closing paragraphs

1

An international student magazine.

8

Focus

ñ

Select two

Ss to read out the

closing

2

A

for/against essay

(pros

and

cons/

advantages and disadvantages).

paragraphs.

3 Para 1 ― general topic introduction.

ñ

Read the rubric aloud to the class.

Para 2 ― advantages/disadvantages.

ñ Allow Ss tome to answer the questions.

Para 3 ― disadvantages/advantages.

ñ Check answers with the class.

Para 4 ― conclusion and personal opinion.

4 See suggested Answer Key (Ex. 11).

Answer Key

5 See suggested Answer Key (Ex. 11).

ñ the writer’s opinion: para 2

ñ a balanced consideration of the issue: para 1

B

key words: essay; advantages and

ñ addresses the reader directly: para 2

disadvantages; newspaper; only source of

ñ includes a quotation: para 2

news; 120-180 words

ñ includes a rhetorical question: para 1

1 A media studies teachers.

2

A for/against essay (pros and cons/

9

Focus

Matching quotations to essay topics;

advantages and disadvantages).

writing a

suitable ending for an essay

ñRead out the three quotations in turn and elicit which essay topics they match.

149

6e Writing Skills

3Para 1 ― general topic introduction. Para 2 ― advantages/disadvantages. Para 3 ― disadvantages/advantages.

Para 4 ― conclusion and personal opinion.

4 See suggested Answer Key (Ex. 11).

5 See suggested Answer Key (Ex. 11).

11Focus Writing a for-and-against essay

ñAllow Ss time to complete the task and offer any necessary assistance.

ñRemind Ss’ to use the checklist to check their essay before they hand their work to their partner for evaluation.

Suggested Answer Key

AThese days, it seems that wherever you turn, you see or hear something in what has become the world’s lingua franca, English. Because of this, it has been suggested that all children should learn English from a young age. There are, however, both pros and cons to this complicated issue.

There are many reasons why learning English at a young age is a good idea. To begin with, children learn quicker and better than adults. There minds are still developing and are receptive to new concepts. In addition, having another language when they leave school will be an incredible advantage in the job market.

On the other hand, there are those that say that learning another language as a child is useless. Firstly, many children will not need another language in their daily lives. Also, that children should be concentrating on their native reading and writing skills, not those of a foreign country.

To conclude, there are two very different sides to this controversial issue. It is very much a matter for the individual parents involved. But we should not forget the Czech proverb, ‘Learn a new language and get a new soul.’

B When was the last time you read a newspaper from front to back page? Not surprisingly, most people get what little they know about the world from sound bites on the television. It is possible, however, to use a newspaper as a sole source of information. As with most things though, there are advantages and disadvantages.

Many people consider a newspaper to be a convenient source of information. Firstly, it can go into depth on any subject. For example, it can look at the background of an issue from several perspectives. In addition, a newspaper can accompany you through the day. You can read it on the train, in the waiting room or even under the desk in the office.

In contrast, there are other ways to get informed. To begin with, television gets you the news far quicker than a day-old newspaper. Moreover, television’s ability to present images means the news comes to life in a way it could not in dead-tree format.

To sum up, there are differing opinions on the validity of newspapers with strong arguments both for and against. It is really a matter of how much you want to know and how much time you have to learn it.

150

Culture Corner	6

Objectives

Reading: a text about the languages of the British Isles

Skill ― reading for specific information

Writing: a short article about the languages spoken in your country

1 Focus Reading for specific information

A:Which language has regular radio broadcasts?

B:Cornish has regular news broadcasts.

A:Which language is the most recent to the British Isles?

B:English, when the Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain in the 5th century A.D.

ñ Focus Ss’ attention on the language family tree.
				3		Focus		Defining and using new vocabulary
ñ Read out the questions in the rubric.
					ñ Draw Ss’ attention to the underlined words in
ñ Ss read the texts to find out the answers.
ñ Confirm the correct answers.							the text.
					ñ Ss explain the words by giving a synonym,
							example or explanation. Encourage Ss to try to
	Answer Key
							guess the meanings of the words from the
	Six languages are spoken in the British Isles.
							context before checking in their dictionaries.
	Brythonic is the oldest.
					ñ Ss compose sentences using the new vocabulary.
2		Asking and answering comprehension
	Focus					Answer Key
	questions					occupation: state of being entered and
ñ Play the recording of the text. Ss listen and read						controlled by a foreign army
						invasion: forcible entry of an army into a
	the text again.
						foreign country
ñ Explain the task and draw Ss’ attention to the
						roughly: approximately
	example exchange.
						declining: becoming less and les frequent
ñ Ss ask and answer questions in pairs. Monitor
						native: original (of a country)
	the activity.
						revived: brought back to existence
						fluently: (spoken) well
	Suggested Answer Key
	A: What percentage of Wales speak modern
	Welsh?
						Suggested Answer Key
	B: Roughly 20% of the population.
						1 During the German occupation of Europe,
	A: Is there any where else in the world where
							many people learned the German language.
	Welsh is spoken?					2	The wall around the fortress protects it
	B: Yes. In a Welsh colony in Argentina						from invasion by enemies.
	A: What percentage of Ireland can speak Irish					3	Roughly half of all the students in the
							school can speak English fluently.
	Gaelic?
						4 The number of French speaking Canadians is
	B: About a third of the population.
							declining due to changes in the language
	A: Which speakers of different languages have
							laws.
	no difficulty in communicating?
						5 She speaks Italian, but her native language
	B: Speakers of Scottish Gaelic and speakers of
							is Spanish, as she grew up Spain.
	Irish Gaelic.
						6 Hebrew was an extinct language until it was
	A: Which language has no native speakers left?						revived in the 19th century.
	B: Manx Gaelic has not native speakers left.					7	After living in France for almost twenty
							years, he speaks French fluently.

151

6	Culture Corner

4Focus Recalling information learnt in the

Ss’ books closed, Ss take it in turns to tell their partner one thing they remember about each language mentioned in the text.

Ss’ books open, Ss check whether they recalled the information correctly.

Suggested Answer Key

S1: It is compulsory for students to study Welsh in schools in Wales.

S2: I remember that Irish is the official language of the European Union.

S1: In some parts of Scotland 50 per cent of the population speak Scottish Gaelic.

S2: Cornish died out as a spoken language, but now has been revived.

Writing a short article about the

spoken in your country

Arrange Ss in groups and explain the task.

Ss either do the necessary research for HW or have access to the Internet during class time. Ss select the most interesting and relevant information and write a short article.

Groups compare writing and offer each other feedback.

Suggested Answer Key

Over 100 languages are spoken in Russia with many Russian Republics giving official status to their local languages.

Russia is the most widely spoken language and is the unifying language of all the republics. It is an east Slavic language and is used widely outside of Russia as well. 60-70 per cent of all world information is written in Russia. It is one of the official languages of the United Nations with 350 million speakers worldwide.

Ukrainian is also an east Slavic language originating from the 16th century. It is the official language of the Ukraine with 39 million speakers. It is the second most spoken language in the Russian empire.

Tatar belongs to the Turkic language family and is spoken by the Tatars. Two thirds of Tartars live outside of Tartarstan with 8 million speakers. It is the third largest spoken language in Russia.

Bashkir is similar to the Tartar language. In the past Bashkirs used the Tatar written language as their written language. In 1923, they developed their own written language. Most speakers live in Bashkortostan. There are over one million speakers of the language in Russia. etc

6	Across the Curriculum – ICT

Objectives

Reading: means of communication

Skill ― reading for specific information

Speaking: a short presentation on the means of communication used in the past

1Focus Comparing forms of communication

today with forms used in the past

ñElicit from Ss how they communicate with their friends and write the answers up on the board.

ñAsk Ss what they know about how people communicated in the past (before modern technology).

ñSs read the text and note down examples of earlier forms of communication.

ñCheck Ss’ answers.

Suggested Answer Key

I usually communicate with my friends by telephone, text messaging or by email.

Answer Key

In the past people communicated by pigeon, smoke signals, messengers (runners), a network of people shouting, whistling.

152

Across the Curriculum – ICT

6

2

Focus

Completing a text (word formation);

Suggested Answer Key

listening and reading for confirmation; defining

A: I think it would be fun to communicate by

vocabulary

pigeon.

ñ

Draw Ss’ attention to the gaps in the text and

B: Why?

A: I would like to know how long it would take

the words in brackets.

to deliver a message.

ñ

Ss complete the task individually.

B: I would like to communicate using smoke

ñ

Play the recording. Ss listen and read and check

signals but I think it would be hard to do!

their answers.

etc

ñ

Ss explain the meaning of the words in bold by

giving a synonym, example or explanation.

Encourage Ss to try to guess the meanings of the

4

Focus

Researching means of communication

words from the context before checking in their

past; giving a short presentation

used in the

dictionaries.

ñ Arrange Ss in groups and explain the task.

ñ Allow

Ss access

to

the

Internet/library

to do

Answer Key

research.

1

distant

6

different

ñ Ss prepare a group presentation and present it

2

creativity

7

messenger

to the class.

3

communication

8

destination

4

winners

9

variation

Suggested Answer Key

5

heroic

10

arrival

Telegraphy (from the Greek words ‘far’ and

‘write’) is the long-distance transmission of

Suggested Answer Key

messages without physical transport of letters.

take your pick: choose freely

Radiotelegraphy

or

wireless

telegraphy

transmits messages

using radio. Telegraph

loft: space at the top of a house

messages sent by a telegraph operator using

no matter: regardless of

Morse

code are

known

as a

telegram

or

air mail: letters sent by plane

cablegram. Before long

distance telephone

awarded a medal: given a small metal disc for

services were available, telegrams were very

bravery

popular. They were often used to send urgent

blanket: cover for a

bed

made

of

wool or

information.

similar warm material

In the late 19th century armies used a method

convey: communicate

of signalling called ‘heliography’. This involved

signal: send a message

using the reflection of the sun on a mirror to

peak: top

pass messages in Morse code. Naturally, they

efficient: quick and effective

were reliant on the weather being clear and

whistling: making a

high

sound

by

blowing

sunny. On a good day, it was possible to send a

through one’s lips

message over 30 miles! etc

3Focus Discussing preferred means of

communication

ñRead out the question in the rubric to the class.

ñSs discuss in pairs.

ñInvite a few pairs to share their ideas.

153