- •Oxford Practice Grammar
- •1 What kind of word? (b)
- •2 What kind of word? (b)
- •3 Words in sentences (c)
- •1 Subject Verb
- •1 Parts of the sentence (a)
- •2 Sentence structure (a)
- •3 Word order (a)
- •4 Adverbials (b)
- •Indirect object or to? (a)
- •1 Form (b)
- •2 Form (b)
- •2 Forms (b-c)
- •3 Forms (b-c)
- •1 Present continuous or simple? (a-b)
- •2 Present continuous or simple? (a-c)
- •3 Always (d)
- •I like/I'm liking etc
- •1 States and actions (a)
- •3 The verb be (b)
- •1 Positive forms (b)
- •2 Positive forms (b)
- •3 Negatives and questions (c)
- •1 Form (b)
- •2 Form (b)
- •1 Past continuous or simple? (a-b)
- •2 Past continuous or simple? (a-b)
- •3 Past continuous or simple? (a-c)
- •B Form
- •C Irregular forms
- •1 Form (b)
- •2 Irregular forms (c)
- •3 Review (a-d)
- •1 Just (a)
- •2 Just, already and yet (a)
- •3 For and since (b)
- •4 For and since (b)
- •B Ever and never
- •C First time, second time, etc
- •1 Gone to or been to? (a)
- •6 I've done it. I did it yesterday.
- •2 I've done it. I did it yesterday. (b)
- •3 Structures with for, since and last (c)
- •It hasn't rained today.
- •1 I've been or I was? (a)
- •4 Present perfect or past simple? (Units 14 and 15)
- •23 Will and shall
- •24 Be going to
- •27 When I get there, before you leave, etc
- •28 Will be doing
- •29 Will have done and was going to
- •1 Will have done (a)
- •2 Will have done (a)
- •3 Was going to (b)
- •4 Was going to (b)
- •39 Who, what or which?
- •1 What or which? (a)
- •2 What or which? (a)
- •3 Who, what or which? (b)
- •43 So/Neither do I and I think so
- •3 I think so, etc (b)
- •49 Should, ought to, had better and be supposed to
- •52 Will, would, shall and should
- •53 It may/could/must have been, etc
- •1 I was given ... (a)
- •2 It is said that... (b)
- •3 He is said to... (c)
- •58 Have something done
- •1 Have something done (a-b)
- •2 Have something done (a-b)
- •3 Get something done (c)
- •59 To be done and being done
- •63 Like, start, etc
- •64 Remember, regret, try, etc
- •1 It is easy to drive the car (b)
- •2 The car is easy to drive (c)
- •3 Certain, sure and likely (d)
- •71 Afraid to do or afraid of doing?
- •1 Afraid (a)
- •2 Afraid (a)
- •3 Afraid, anxious, ashamed and interested (a-b)
- •4 Sorry (c)
- •72 Used to do and be used to doing
- •74 See it happen or see it happening?
- •1 See it happen (b)
- •2 See it happening (c)
- •3 See it happen or see it happening? (d)
- •77 A carton of milk, a piece of information, etc
- •1 A carton of milk (a)
- •2 A man/he and the man/someone (c)
- •85 A/an, one and some
- •4 Some (d)
- •86 Cars or the cars?
- •87 Prison, school, bed, etc
- •1 Prison or the prison? (a)
- •88 On Friday, for lunch, etc
- •89 Quite a, such a, what a, etc
- •2 So and such (c)
- •4 What (d)
- •91 This, that, these and those
- •92 My, your, etc and mine, yours, etc
- •94 Some and any
- •95 A lot of, lots of, many, much, (a) few and (a) little
- •96 All, half, most, some, no and none
- •97 Every, each, whole, both, either and neither
- •3 Each other (b)
- •103 Everyone, something, etc
- •106 The old, the rich, etc
- •107 Interesting and interested
- •Interesting.
- •1 Less (a)
- •2 Much faster (b)
- •3 Faster and faster (c)
- •4 The faster, the better (d)
- •114 Yet, still and already
- •3 Very cold, really hurting, etc (b-d)
- •116 Quite and rather
- •3 Quite or rather? (c)
- •117 Too and enough
- •121 For, since, ago and before
- •122 During or while? By or until? As or like?
- •1 During or while? (a)
- •2 By or until? (b)
- •3 As or like? (c)
- •71 Afraid, anxious, ashamed, interested, sorry 72 Used to
- •2 Good, bad, etc (c)
- •1 Tell/ask someone to do something (a)
- •148 If, when, unless and in case
- •1 If or when? (b)
- •2 If and unless (c)
- •3 If and unless (c)
- •4 In case (d)
- •5 If, when, unless and in case (b-d)
- •149 Wish and if only
- •150 But, although and in spite of
- •2 Although (b)
- •3 In spite of and although (e)
- •4 But, although, even though, in spite of and despite (a-e)
- •5 Although, even though, in spite of and despite (a-e)
- •151 To, in order to, so that and for
- •Verbs with prepositions and adverbs
148 If, when, unless and in case
Present simple for the future
Look at these examples.
You'll be tired tomorrow if you stay up late. Tell me when the water boils.
I won't do anything unless you agree. Write the name down in case you forget it.
We use the present simple for the future after linking words such as if, when, unless and in case (see also Units 27 and 144B).
B If or when?
If you hear any news, can you ring me
immediately?
(You might hear some news.) I'll probably go for a walk later on if it stays fine. (It might stay fine.)
We use if for something that we think might happen.
We use if (not when) for something impossible or imaginary.
If I were you, I'd refuse.
When you hear some news, can you ring me
immediately?
(You will hear some news.) I'll make myself an omelette when I get home
tonight.
(I will get home tonight.) We use when for something that we know will happen.
We can use either if or when in contexts where they mean 'every time'.
If you run, you use up energy. When you run, you use up energy.
C If and unless
If... not means the same as unless.
/ can't see if I don't wear glasses.
The doctor will be here if she isn't called to an
emergency.
If you can't pay your bills, you'll have to leave. I wouldn't say that if I didn't believe it.
I can't see unless I wear glasses.
The doctor will be here unless she's called to an
emergency.
Unless you can pay your bills, you'll have to leave. I wouldn't say that unless I believed it.
D In case
Look at these examples.
Take a sandwich with you in case you get hungry.
I'd better reserve a seat today in case the train is full tomorrow.
Laura took two photos in case one of them didn't come out.
We use in case to talk about doing something to avoid a possible problem later on. (For American English, see page 381.)
Compare if and in case.
I'll bring in the washing if it rains.
(= I'll bring it in at the time it starts raining.)
I'll bring in the washing in case it rains. (= I'll bring it in now because it might rain later.)
148 Exercises
1 If or when? (b)
Look at the information in brackets and complete the sentences using if or when and a verb in the present simple.
(I may see Tom tonight.) If I see Tom, I'll tell him the news.
(Melanie is coming soon.) When Melanie comes, can you let her in, please?
(The alarm will ring soon.)……………………………………………….. we all have to leave the building.
(I might feel better tomorrow.)……………………………………………… I'll probably go back to work.
(This film finishes at ten.) ………………………………………………… I'll stop the video.
(The plan may not work.) ………………………………………….. we'll have to think of something else.
2 If and unless (c)
Complete the sentences using unless and the information in brackets.
► You won't get there in time unless you hurry, (if you don't hurry)
We can't have a picnic …………………………………………………………….(if it isn't a nice day)
Don't leave the TV on ……………………………………………………………… (if you aren't watching it)
We can't do the job ……………………………………………………………………. (if we don't get help)
I wouldn't have bought the picture …………………………………………(if I didn't like it)