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it is cooled can give up the same quantity of heat.

2. The energy lost by the hot water is equal to the energy transferred to the cold water. 3. The wire being very thin and the current being large, the amount of generated heat is greater than that in the thick wire. 4. The wire, being very thin, was very good for our experiment. 5. The melting point of pure iron is about 1,535°C, most steels melting at about 1,300 to 1,500°C. 6. A gas being heated at constant pressure, work is done by the gas when it expands. 7. The problem having been solved, we could go home. 8. The vapour pressure of a solid at any temperature being greater than one atmosphere, the substance will pass directly from the solid to the vaporous condition. 9. A solid body having been melted, the change of state took place at a definite temperature. 10. Experiments using a constant source of heat show that heat must be supplied to melt the solid. 11. The quantity of heat required for the changing the unit mass of a substance from the solid to the liquid state without any change of temperature is called the latent heat. 12. The liquid, being lighter than mercury, rises. 13. The silicon atom, being only slightly heavier than the aluminium atom and a bit smaller in radius, is also very active. 14. Having four electrons in its outer level with light electrons in the next lower level, the atom may attain stability by either losing four electrons or gaining four electrons. 15. The process of electrification is, therefore, not one of creating electricity but of transferring electrons from one material to another. 16. In passing through the metal electrons must collide with many

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ions. 17. In making up a condenser, one has to take into consideration its size, as the amount of charge that a condenser stores depends on its size.

Ex.S. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the meanings of the words in bold type:

1.The temperature of the sun is intensely high. 2. This substance is highly insoluble in water. 3. The increase of energy stored in the gas, because of the rise in temperature, is called the increase of internal energy. 4. Solids that conduct heat readily are called good conductors. 5. This reaction should be watched closely because it is very important for the final results. 6. If you close this container, the reaction will stop. 7. A solid body has a definite shape, its molecules acting as though they were closely bound to one another. 8. It is very important to remember that melting occurs without any change in temperature. 9. Any change in temperature influences the pressure. 10. The closer we bring two charged bodies together the more attraction or repulsion they will exercise on each other.

Ex.7. Translate the text using a dictionary. Analyse the "ing"-forms:

A liquid being cooled, its molecules lose energy. The cooling process being conducted slowly, the particles which constitute the solid may arrange themselves into definite positions. The solid itself will exist in a regular geometric form called a crystal. Crystals are of various forms and of varying degrees of strength and rigidity, both

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these properties depending upon the substance of which they are composed.

Having learned this, we can state that the properties of matter in the gaseous state are determined largely by the motion of particles, while in the solid state they are determined largely by the rigidity of the structure formed and by the position which the particles occupy with respect to each other in the structure, these latter being dependent upon the magnitude of the forces of attraction and upon the size of the particles.

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