Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering

INDEX

A

A below knee prostheses 132 Abduction and adduction 4 Absorption unsharpness 199 Active transducers 171 Advantages of ultrasound 224 Agonist 51

Airways resistance measurements 119 ALCAP ceramics 160

Algorithms 192 Alumina 159

An above knee prostheses 133 Analog to digital transduction 178

Analysis of force on the shoulder joints 65 Anatomical terms and planes 1

Anatomy of spinal column 58 Antagonist 51

Aortic balloon system 138

Application of computer in hospital 245 Application of computer in medicine 244 Application of polymers 156 Applications of bernaulli’s equation 29 Artificial heart 138

Artificial ventilation and ventilators 119 Aspects of database design 257 Asynchronous pacemaker 136

B

Back projection 210 Ball & socket joints 55

Barriers of communication 237 Bernaulli’s equation 29 Bioceramics 158

Bioelectrical signals 169

Biogradable polymeric biomaterials 165 Biomedical engineering 34 Biopotential electrodes 179

Body surface electrodes 179 Bone cement fixation 167 Bone fractures and traction 43 Bronchography 202

C

Calcium phosphate 160 Carbons 159

Cardiac pacemaker 135 Cartilaginous joints 53

Cell, DNA and atoms 19 Centre of gravity 25

Characteristics of medical data 244 Circumduction of shoulder joint 5 Classification of bones 38 Client/server topologies 257 Cloning 20

Communication process 236 Communication 211 Composite biomaterials 162 Composition of bones 40 Compression 192 Computed Tomography 204 Concentric contraction 50 Condyloid joints 54 Connective tissue 13

Corals 160

Corrosion of metallic implants 148

D

Data acquisition system 208

Database design topologies and network security 255 Database environments 225

Defibrillator 138 Dental metals 148

Digital image acquisition and processing 186 Digital subtraction angiography 202

Digital transformation 184 Disadvantages of ultrasound 224 Doppler ultrasound 223

E

Eccentric contraction 50

Elements of digital image processing system 186 Elements of digital image system 207

Ellipsoid joints 54 Epithelium 13

Equation of continuity 29 Equipment for nuclear medicine 232 Eversion of foot 5

F

Fibrous joints 52

Filtered back projection 210 Filtering 182

Flexion and extension 3 Flow in tube 28

Fluid connective tissue 13

263

Fluid mechanics 27 Fluoroscopy 200

Forces on the hip joint 75

G

Gait analysis 127 Gauge pressure 31 Glass ceramics 159 Gold 148

Grey level thresholding 192

H

Health care information and communication 235

Health communication 237 Hemodialysis 138

Hinge joint 53 Histogram 190 Histology 13

I

Ideal fluid 28

Image formation 197 Image intensifier 201 Image reconstruction 189 Image resolution 222 Image sharpness 199

Inductive passive transducers 174 Infrared thermometers 176

Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter 228 Inversion of foot 5

Iterative method 209

L

Laminar and turbulent flow 428

Level of image data representation 191 Limitation of radiography 202

Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) 174 Lock up tables 190

M

Magnetic resonance imaging 213 Magnification 198

Mass miniature radiography 202 Measurement of radioactivity 229 Mechanical fixation 168 Mechanical properties of bone 40 Mechanics of kidneys 122 Mechanics of lower limbs 74 Mechanics of the ankle 87 Mechanics of the elbow 66 Mechanics of the hip 75 Mechanics of the knee 82 Mechanics of the shoulder 63 Mechanics of upper limbs 62 Mechanics 23

Medical coding and classification 253 Medical glossary 8

Medical information system 253 Medical terminology 6

Metallic biomaterials 146 Microelectrodes 179

INDEX

Movement unsharpness 199 Movements of neck and spine 59 Multi-slice computed tomography 211 Muscular tissue 15

N

Needle electrodes 179 Nernst potentials 148 Nervous tissue 15 Network security 258 Newtonian fluids 27

Non inert (biodegradable) ceramics 160 Non Newtonian fluids 27

Normalising of database 257 Nuclear medicine 232

O

Operating principle of nuclear medicine 232 Orthopedic prostheses fixation 167 Orthosis for gait disability 142

Orthosis 141

P

Paraplegic orthotic walking system 143 Particulate inclusions 163

Pascal’s law 30

Passive transducers 172 Pathological hip joint 81 Patient monitoring displays 139 Photography or x-ray film 196

Physiological signals and transducers 169 Physiological systems of the body 16

Picture archiving and communication system 250 Pivot joint 54

Plane joint 53 Plastic fluid 27

Plate for bone reduction 44 Poly disparity index 152

Poly methylmeth acrylate 156 Poly vinyl chloride 155 Polyethylene 155

Polymeric biomaterials 151 Polypropylene 155 Polystyrene 155

Porous composite 164 Positron-emission tomography 233 Principle of MRI 213

Principle of tomography 204 Processing unit 208 Projection and view 198 Pronation of forearm Prostheses for lower limb 130 Prostheses 127

Prostheses: clinical requirements 130 Pump oxygenerator 137

Q

Quality of diagnostic radiographs 200

R

Radioactive decay 229 Radiography system 195 Radiography 194

264	FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Radioisotopes and radiotherapy						226				The elbow joint			69
Radiotherapy	230									The excretory system					19
Raster and frame buffer of a computer 187										The locomotor system					19
Rehabilitation of a paraplegic						135				The mechanics of respiration								113
Relative density of structure on CT							207			The nervous system				18
Relatively inert (nonabsorbable) bioceramics 158										The respiratory system					18
Rotation of shoulder			4							The respiratory tract 111
S										The ultrasound transducer							222
Saddle joints	54									The volume and capacities							115
										The volume, capacity and measurement									116
Sarcomeres 50
										Thermistors		175
Scanning 221
										Thin tube	29
Scatter control		200
										Three pulleys traction					45
Selection of polymeric biomaterial							153
										Tissues between joints
Signal amplification			182
										Titanium and alloys				147
Signal averaging		183
										Torricell’s theorem				30
Signal processing in bioinstrumentation								182
										Transducer		171
Signal processing 181
										Transduction for displacement, velocity and
Single photon emission tomography							233
										acceleration		177
Single pulley traction				44
										Transduction principle and applications									176
Skeletal muscles		50
										Transgenic animals				20
Sources of health information						235
										Tricalcium phosphate ceramics								160
Speciality area of biomedical engineering								34
										Type of radioactive decay							226
Spiral CT scanning			211
										Types of communication						236
Stainless steel	147
										Types of synovial joints						53
Storage phosphor system or computed radiography									196
										U
Strain guage	172
Structure of composite				162						Ultrasound imaging				220
Supination of forearm				5						Ultrasound machine				223
Synovial joints		53								Ultrasound wave			220
T										Uses of health information							235
Telemedicine and internet					253					V
Telemedicine application					249					Variable capacitance				175
Telemedicine by mobile communication								252		Variable reductance				174
Telemedicine	249									Ventilators		138
Temperature measurement					175					Vision processing			188
Temperature	31									W
Tendons and ligaments				48						Working of ultrasound					222
Terms related to movements 3
										X
The artificial kidney (dialyzer)						125
The biochemical system 18										X-rays and x-ray tube					194
The cardiovascular system					17					Z
The digestive system				19						Zirconia	159
The direct digital detector					197