Министерство транспорта Российской Федерации

Федеральное агентство железнодорожного транспорта

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

САМАРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ПУТЕЙ СОБЩЕНИЯ

Кафедра иностранных языков

А Н г л и й с к и й я з ы к

Методические указания для студентов II курса

специальности «Автоматика, телемеханика и связь

на железнодорожном транспорте»

2-е издание, дополненное

Составители: И.А.Зайцева

И.В.Лукашова

Самара

2

009

УДК 420

Английский язык : методические указания для студентов II курса специальности «Автоматика, телемеханика и связь на железнодорожном транспорте». – 2-е изд., доп. / составители : И.А. Зайцева, И.В. Лукашова. – Самара : СамГУПС, 2009 – 64 с.

Утверждены на заседании кафедры от 22.01.2009 года, протокол № 5.

Печатаются по решению редакционно-издательского совета университета.

Методические указания ставят своей целью ознакомить студентов II курса специальности «Автоматика, телемеханика и связь на железнодорожном транспорте» с основной терминологической лексикой по своей специальности. Иллюстративным материалом для данных методических указаний послужили аутентичные статьи из научно-популярных и технических журналов США и Великобритании. Тексты направлены на развитие профессиональной компетенции, снабжены лингвистическими и методическими комментариями, а так же кратким англо-русским терминологическим словарем. В текстах намеренно употребляется лексика, как в британском английском варианте, так и в американском английском.

Составители: Ирина Анатольевна Зайцева

Инна Викторовна Лукашова

Рецензенты: канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков,

С.Я. Никитина (Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения);

зав. кафедрой «Автоматика, телемеханика и связь на железнодорожном транспорте», канд. техн. наук

В.Б. Гуменников (Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения)

Редакция составителей

Подписано в печать 28.04.2009. Формат 60x90 1/16.

Усл. печ. л. 4,0. Тираж 150 экз. Заказ № 80.

©

Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения, 2004, 2009

Lesson One

Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the following words and phrases:

automatic, principle, diagram, console, circuit, approach, delay, entire, wholly, single, route, prove, effectiveness, exceed, ensure, handle, database, device, technology;

route-setting panel, computer-based centralized traffic control, color light signals, single control center, trunk line, up-to-date electronic equipment, digital computer, high-frequency generator.

Ex. 2. These are the key words to Lesson 1. You are to copy them and memorize their meanings.

Word-box:

аutomatic train operation (ATO) – автоведение поездa;

аutomatic route setting (ARS) – автоматическая установка маршрута;

a route setting panel – пульт маршрутной централизации;

Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) – диспетчерская централизация (ДЦ);

a color light signal, a traffic light – цветовой светофор;

a point /a switch (BE) – стрелочный перевод;

a circuit – цепь,

short-circuit – короткое замыкание,

a track-circuit – рельсовая цепь,

to track circuit – оборудовать рельсовыми цепями;

a trunk line, a main line – магистраль;

a control console – пульт управления;

an indication – показание;

a single control center – единый центр управления;

a switch – переключатель,

a push-button switch – кнопочный переключатель;

a track diagram – схема пути, путевое табло;

track occupancy – занятость пути.

Ex. 3. Copy the following words and memorize their meanings:

an approach – подход,

to approach – приближаться, подходить;

to avoid – избегать;

conventional – стандартный, типовой; обычный, традиционный;

a delay – задержка,

to delay – задерживать;

entire (+ noun)– целый, весь.

Read and translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Our plane was badly delayed because of fog. 2. Mr Evans has been delayed but will be joining us shortly. 3. Any delay in the production process is costly to a company. 4. You can expect long delays on the roads because of vacation traffic. 5. A tourist approached us and asked us the way to the theatre. 6. She was approached by a waiter. 7. As the train approached the station, its whistle sounded shrilly. 8. Mr Kohara rose to his feet at the approach of his guests and made a little bow. 9. The best way to lose weight is to avoid eating fatty food. 10. When preparing for exams late-night parties are best avoided. 11. At last, I had an entire day to myself. 12. I realized that our entire conversation had been recorded. 13. This function of the word-processor allows you to correct the entire document before printing. 14. Rosemary led quiet, conventional life until she went to the university. 15. Some people believe in acupuncture but I still believe in a more conventional approach to medicine. 16. Be careful! The train is approaching the station! 17. Drivers are advised to avoid Elm Street today due to heavy traffic and long delays.

Ex. 4. Translate the words given in the box into English:

подход, весь, задерживать, избегать, задержка, приближаться, обычный

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word and translate the sentences. Mind the Grammar!

1. We decided to … our holiday until next month. 2. We … that strange insect with care. 3. Don’t …: act today! 4. I left early to … getting stuck in traffic. 5. … of up to 2 hours have been reported on all roads this morning. 6. … using informal language when you are writing an essay. 7. The … of winter brings cold weather. 8. We spent the … evening talking. 9. … medicine couldn’t help her, so she tried using herbs. 10. There will be some … on all roads because of heavy traffic this morning. 11. All … to the town were blocked. 12. We left our car in the station … . 13. You should take a scientific … to this problem. 14. As I … the house, I noticed a light on upstairs. 15. If delivery …., we will inform you immediately. 16. We went early to …. traffic jams. 17. The railroad enables distribution across the … North American continent. 18. Road safety is taught to young children to … road accidents. 19. Sorry for the …, Mr Weaver. 20. The opening of this section of the road …. until September.

Ex. 5. Read and translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the translation of the verb to operate (to operate + adv.mod. = работать; to operate + noun = управлять) and its derivatives.

1. Most railways operate signals from a single control center. 2. Check that the equipment is operating in a safe manner. 3. The bus is designed to operate in all weather conditions. 4. Safe operation of trains requires a system of signaling. 5. Nowadays there are no signals that are operated by hand. 6. It is a well-known fact that both points and signals are operated by electricity. 6. The locomotive’s engine operation was normal. 7. Electrical operation of signals and points is the basic element of up-to-date signaling. 8. Nowadays the operation of a railway would be absolutely impossible without a signaling system. 9. Modern trains are operated automatically by means of track circuits. 10. The method of operating railway lines by CTC was used in the USA in 1927. 11. A friend of mine is experienced in operating the computers. 12. The principle of track circuit operation of automatic signals remains the same nowadays. 13. The number of trains operating on the line has increased. 14. This automatic train operation device will be introduced for increasing track capacity (пропускная способность). 15. We know some signals to be operated by hand others to be automatic. 16. Do you know how to operate the air conditioning? 17. The London Underground was also the first underground railway to operate electric trains.

Ex. 6. Read and translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the noun control - руководство, управление, контроль; and the verb to control – управлять, регулировать, контролировать

1. You can control a humanoid robot with a computer or give him voice instructions. 2. She lost control of the car. 3. You can control the volume of a TV by using a remote control. 4. Methods of controlling train operations evolved over many years of trial and error. 5. The push-button control initiates a series of wireless commands to the correct switches, which move them into the commanded position. 6. A simple to operate, railroad control panel uses green, yellow, and red lamps to represent the status of all switches controlled by the panel. 7. This program enables a PC computer to control the operation of a model railway. 8. The train is controlled by two enginemen. 9. He was in full control of the situation. 10. The fire was out of control by the time the second fire engine arrived. 11. Signals control train traffic much like traffic lights control automobile traffic on roads. 12. This button controls the temperature in the building. 13. Rocky Head power station works 24 hours a day, controlling the electricity supply to over five million homes. 14. The valves in the heart control how quickly blood is pumped round the body. 15. She’s a good driver and controls the car very well. 16. The pilot checks all the controls before take off.

Ex. 7. Read and translate the following attributive groups into Russian:

traffic control, alarm signal, emergency signal, traffic signals, approach signals, locomotive cab signals, on-board signals, color-light signals, signal indication, signal operation, signal box (signal tower), cab signaling, railway signaling, signaling system, signaling devices, train operation, traffic operation, track circuit operation, line operation, control center, remote control systems, safety systems, train movement, rolling stock monitoring.

Ex. 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Nowadays train operation on busy sections of trunk lines (to control – Present Simple Passive) from a single control center. 2. Centralized traffic control (to provide – Present Simple Active) fast communication of information. 3. Automation of signaling systems (to prove – Present Perfect Active) its effectiveness to provide safe passenger and freight traffic. 4. Regulation of speed, programmed stopping and other functions (to handle – Present Simple Passive) automatically by means of automatic train operation. 5. Signaling (to set – Present Simple Active) the route by a database containing the working timetable. 6. We (to leave – Past Simple Active) our car in the station approach. 7. Many new electronic devices (to develop – Present Perfect Passive) to provide safe high-speed traffic. 8. There (to be – Present Simple Active) no need for a dispatcher to monitor every track since centralized traffic control (to introduce – Past Perfect Passive). 9. The departure of the train (not to delay – Past Perfect Passive) regardless the accident. 10. It (to rain - Present Perfect Continuous Active) the entire night. 11. Signaling and telecommunications of railways (to develop - Present Perfect Passive) by modern technology. 12. On the first days of railways there (to be – Past Simple Active) no signals and there (to be – Past Simple Active) no need for signaling. 13. Track circuits (to use – Past Simple Passive) to control signals automatically at the end of the 19^th century. 14. This automatic train operation device (to introduce – Future Simple Passive) for increasing track capacity. 15. Automation on railroads (to mean - Present Simple Active) automatic train operation. 16. Our flight (to delay - Future Simple Passive) because of air-traffic controllers. 17. The Channel Tunnel (to equip – Present Simple Passive) with sensors to monitor air pollution, temperature and visibility. 18. For the line operation an integrated computerized system including automatic train control, scheduling, ticketing, rolling stock monitoring (to develop – Present Perfect Passive) recently. 19. Automatic train operation (ATO) (to ensure - Present Simple Active) partial or complete automatic train piloting and driverless functions. 20. Many railways (to plan - Present Continuous Active) on using ATO in the future.

Ex. 9. Translate the words and word combinations in the box, then fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or word combination and translate the sentences below into Russian:

Centralized Traffic Control the control console color-light signals a section

push-button switches train operation the track diagram sensors

a single control center track circuits the locomotive cab signal

safety functions signal indications main line

1. On our roads there are three …: green, yellow and red. 2. Modern railway signaling systems control … to provide the safety of traffic. 3. … is a system of railroad operation which is used for controlling the movement of trains by signal indications. 4. Any control console has …. 5. An operator can control the whole … at a single control center. 8. There are some push-button switches on … in front of the operator. 9. … shows the operator where every train is. 10. … is a small color-light signal placed on a panel in front of the driver. 11. The purpose of track circuiting is to detect the presence of a train on … of the line. 12. Track circuits have a number of important … . 13. Signals are controlled by means of … . 14. The cab signal gives the same … that are given by signals along the track. 15. Railways are controlled by automatic signaling devices, which have … that detect carriages passing a particular point. 16. The exact position of a train is indicated on a panel in … .

Ex. 10. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the negatives:

1. No cars are allowed in the city. 2. No modern railway uses steam locomotives. 3. No automatic system operates without electricity. 4. She had no difficulty finding a job. 5. There were no signals and there was no signaling on the first railways. 6. He has no telephone. 7. Automatic train operation needs no signalmen.8. No train can climb up hills without special railways. 9. There was no place where we could sit. 10. We don’t believe she’s got enough money. 11. I don’t imagine we’ll arrive before midnight. 12. I don’t suppose you remember to bring my book back. 13. They don’t expect to be home late. 14. The roads are not busy today. 15. It wasn’t dark when I came home. 16. She won’t be happy if he comes. 17. No human activity, be it work or study, can be performed without will power. 18. There are no traffic-lights at this intersection that is why it is a very dangerous place.

Ex. 11. Translate the sentences from English into Russian. Transform the Passive Voice into the Active Voice.

Model: At present railways widely use up-to-date electronic equipment.  Up-to-date electronic equipment is widely used at present railways.

1. We are building a new railway line in this region. 2. The dispatcher controls the entire section of the line from the single control center. 3. The government financed the renewal of signaling equipment of all the railroads. 4. The plant will increase its capital investment in equipment. 5. Railway engineers designed a lot of devices which find their application in other industries. 6. Since 1980 railway engineers have developed a system of more reliable communication of information. 7. Japanese railway engineers introduced the system that helps to control a whole trunk line from a single control center. 8. An electric motor or a small steam turbine drives this high-frequency generator. 9. Someone switched on the light and opened the door. 10. Students are doing a lot of work to get ready for their English exam. 11. Engineers have tested the newly developed control system in the Underground. 12. Railwaymen must carefully test any new signaling system. 13. We use the term computer to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical components. 14. E-mail can reach its destination in minutes or less unless some part of the network is heavily congested or temporarily out of order. 15. Railwaymen use signaling to control train operation to provide the safety of traffic. 16. Railways have made great progress due to the use of CTC. 17. Snowstorm delayed the train on route for a couple of hours. 18. The ATO system performs all functions of the driver except for the opening and closing of the doors.

Ex. 12. It is common to see an Infinitive phrase used with the word it as the subject of a sentence: It is easy to find my house. – Легко найти мой дом. In such sentences, it refers to the Infinitive phrase.

A. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the infinitive phrase:

1. It's good for you to exercise regularly. 2. It is dangerous to climb mountains, especially in the winter. 3. Once you learn to ride a bicycle, it's easy to do it. 4. Is it impolite to ask a lot of personal questions if you don't know the person very well? 5. It is very important to increase traffic safety. 6. Statistically it is safer to travel by air than to drive a car.7. It is necessary to introduce electronic track circuits on this section of the line. 8. It is difficult to design a computer. 9. It’s easy for you to say, but not easy for him to do! 10. Is it necessary to equip with CTC any large railway? 11. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible it’s better to travel by air. 12. Is it more difficult for an adult to learn a foreign language than for a child? 13. It was impossible to get tickets to the seaside last summer. 14. It’s too fast for me to understand the BBC news. 15. Sometimes it’s better only to hear. 16. It was possible to provide reliable and practicable driverless trains on the Victoria Line. 17. It's true that there have been some very serious train accidents recently, but it's generally quite a safe way to travel. 18. It is important to control the rail profile in order to minimize the risk of derailment. 19. It's important for the meeting to start on time.20. It is possible to modify the more simple types of switch to allow trains to pass at high speed.

B. Complete each following sentence with the Infinitive phrase, using your own words.

1. It is very important … 2. Is it a good idea …? 3. It is usually wrong … 4. It's impossible (for me) … 5. It is better … than … 6. It is more economical … 7. Is it possible ….? 8. It was necessary … 9. It sounds like a lot of fun … .

Ex. 13. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the Infinitive of Purpose and the Infinitive as Noun.

1. We multiply volts by amperes to obtain the number of watts. 2. To control the movement of trains is of great importance. 3. To control the movement of trains we need a signaling system. 4. In order to understand this phenomenon the laws of motion should be considered. 5. To explain the pressure of gases and their diffusion we must take into consideration that all substances are made of molecules. 6. To understand this problem you must read this article. 7. To understand this problem is impossible. 8. To answer this question we studied a lot of publications. 9. To make this experiment without special equipment is absolutely impossible. 10. A bumper is covered with chromium to make it look nice. 11. To make a new autopilot system engineers need highly developed electronics and new materials. 12. To help the driver get information while concentrating on the road the most important data will be projected on the windscreen. 13. The circuit can be broken to interrupt the flow of electricity. 14. We must take a taxi to catch the train. 15. Railway signaling is a system used to control railway traffic safely, essentially to prevent trains from colliding. 16. CTC was designed to enable the train dispatcher to control train movements directly, bypassing (обходя) local operators and eliminating written train orders.

Ex. 14. Using the given words, write sentences with the Infinitive of Purpose, translate them into Russian.

Model: to go to the hospital yesterday / to visit a friend. I  I went to the hospital yesterday to visit a friend.

1) to work hard at present / to make the progress in his English. the best friend of mine

2) to borrow some money / to buy a computer. her sister

3) to invent a device / to increase the productivity. a research institute

4) to go on the Internet every evening / to check her e-mails. Helen

5) to be widely used / to improve the quality of passenger service. up-to-date electronic equipment

6) to arrive at the railway station yesterday / to buy a train ticket. I

7) to drive to the garage / to repair our car. Dad

8) to be busy entire evening / to write a report. the students

9) to get up early / to avoid rush hours. his elder brother

10) to take driving lessons / to get a driving license. I

11) to go to the night clubs / to meet friends. young people

12) to have sensors / to detect trains running on the track. automatic signaling devices

13) to use / to perform various operations much faster and better. the automation technology

14) to have ability / to correct themselves. all machines with automatic-control mechanisms

15) to use a modem / to send messages along a telephone line. we

Ex. 15. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the Infinitive as Adjective.

1. The carriage to be repaired will be transported next week. 2. The material to be attacked by X-rays is placed on the screen. 3. The method to be chosen in any particular case depends on many factors. 4. The object to be detected is placed on one side of the lens. 5. The problem to be considered next deals with the loss of heat in the pipeline. 6. Signals to be measured must be strong enough. 7. Scientists working at the design of a new compartment have a long list of problems to be solved. 8. The controller to be installed on this train was made in Germany. 9. A radar to be mounted on lorries and cars was designed in the USA. 10. A simple safety device to be installed on the train enables to stop it in an emergency. 11. We know some signals to be operated by hand others to be automatic. 12. Cab signals to be installed on all locomotives assist enginemen to drive trains. 13. The mainline to be divided into a number of track circuits is under the control at the central point. 14. They asked for the goods to be delivered by Monday. 15. Automation is one of the ways to increase production.

Ex. 16. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the verb to take in the meaning of занимать, отнимать, понадобиться, требовать (времени, активности, энергии).

1. It takes five years to study to be an engineer. 2. It will take a lot of time to fix this problem. 3. It took us much time to transmit the necessary information. 4. It may take years to construct an up-to-date high-speed line in this country. 5. It took some minutes to move the railway points manually. 6. How long does it take them to get to work? 7. It may take a long time for you to reach your final goal. 8. It takes about one second to scan indications of all tracks. 9. How long does it take by train from Samara to Moscow? 10. Did it take you a long time to find a job? 11. It took Mark six month to learn to drive. 12. How long did it take them to repair the car? 13. It took railroads several decades to improve train-control practices and adopt safety devices sufficient to make railroad travel truly safe.

Ex. 17. Before reading Text A make sure you understand the main terms of Electronics. Match line A with line B and translate the terms’ definitions:

A	B
1) a relay	a) an electronic mechanism which is used to move the trains from one track to another automatically;
2) a signal	b) any number under ten;
3) telecommunication	c) a device by which electric current flowing in one circuit can open or close current in a second circuit;
4) a transistor	d) a vacuum tube or semiconductor device used as a rectifier (выпрямитель);
5) a diode	e) various methods of receiving and sending messages by telephone or telegraph, either by radio signals or by wires;
6) a digit	f) a sound, image, or message sent by waves, as in radio or television; a railway apparatus near the track to direct train drivers.
7) a point / switch	g) a small electrical apparatus used in radios, televisions, etc. for controlling the flow of electrical current.

Text A. Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary.