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Вариант 1

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

THE PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENT. One of the greatest problems of all modem cities is the environment pollution. Every year people consume more goods. Production of goods and services uses energy and natural resources (oil, gas, coal, wood, etc.). All these things are used faster than they can be replenished. Natural resources and energy are getting more expensive, and air and water are becoming seriously polluted. The problem of environmental pollution is well-known to most people. We have heard about it on television and radio, and have read in newspapers and magazines.

The worst environment pollution is caused by the manufacturers who put chemical wastes into rivers and seas. Another problem is air pollution. The air is polluted by traffic and smog from industrial enterprises.

The word smog comes from smoke and fog. Smog is a sort of fog with other substances mixed in it, which can be harmful, even deadly. Such diseases as eczema and asthma are linked to air pollution.

Materials like paper and glass can be reused, but, unfortunately, many materials, especially plastics cannot be reused and cannot be absorbed by the earth again. Some plastics cannot even be destroyed. As a result of this people face the problem of preservation of our environment.

All these things are very serious and people must realize what will happen if they don't do everything possible to reduce man-made atmospheric pollutants and smog

POLLUTION. People have designed and produced up-to-date machines and technologies to make their life easier and more comfortable. But all these activities result in air and water pollution.

One of the most important problems is the oceans. A lot of ships crossing the oceans and seas, especially those that carry oil, put their wastes into water, and the water becomes dirty. As a result many birds and fish die because of polluted water, others are getting contaminated and people may get sick from eating them.

The second problem is air pollution. Cars and plants pollute the atmosphere with their wastes. They destroy the ozone layer, which protects us from the dangerous light of the Sun. They also destroy forests, which are dying from acid rains.

Now people begin to realize the danger of their activities. People are concerned about the air and the water used by everyone, they are also concerned about the future of the planet because they understand that these activities affect the balance of nature.

In order to make our life not only easier but also better and healthier we must learn to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution. Our planet belongs to our children and if we want our children to live in a healthier world we must do everything to protect them from the catastrophe.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. People have thought that the environment is an unlimited source of resources, that the atmosphere, forests, rivers and seas are capable of absorbing all wastes. The environment supplies the economy of any country with its resources such as timber, minerals and oil. As a result, natural resources are becoming reduced, air and water are polluted, and the environment is unable to absorb all its wastes.

For example, waste gases cause acid rains; this leads to forest damage and therefore reduces the resources of forests. Another problem is water shortage resulting from unlimited use of it. The third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth through pollution from plants and cars. One more problem is damage to wildlife. It is possible that some kinds of animals can disappear due to people's activities.

Some territories in Russia are also suffering environmental problems. Many of these problems have been caused by economic activities. Many forests in the north of European Russia and the Far East are under threat.

If we want to live in a healthier world we must learn to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by our activities. Otherwise very soon we will have no world to live in.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

  1. environmental protection

  2. to supply the economy with resources

  3. to reduce the resources of forests

  4. up-to-date machines and technologies

  5. acid rains

  6. to be getting contaminated

  7. to consume goods

  8. can be replenished

  9. to face the problem

  10. an unlimited source of resources

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

  1. обеспечивать экономику ресур­сами

  2. химические отходы

  3. неисчерпаемый источник ресур­сов

  4. столкнуться с проблемой

  5. нехватка воды

  6. потреблять товары

  7. нанести ущерб ресурсам

  8. уличное движение

  9. сокращать лесные ресурсы

  10. охранаокружающей среды

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, обозначьте словообразовательную морфему (приставка, корень, суффикс) либо дополнительный корень при словосложении и переведите слова на русский язык:

  1. consumer

  2. comfort

  3. appear

  4. environment

  5. careful

  6. production

  7. danger

  8. preserve

  9. harm

  10. serious