Документ Microsoft Office Word (8)
.docx1.1. Reading. Text 1 Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands. Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244, 000 square kilometers.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland, and Wales does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech "Great Britain" is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the UK is London.
The British Isles are separated from the continent by the Northern Sea and the English Channel. The Western Coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
Shakespeare called Britain a "precious stone set in the silver sea" because of its natural beauty. It has a varied countryside where you can find mountains, plains, valleys and sandy beaches. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain, but it is only 1343 meters high.
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest one and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild all year round.
The UK is the one of the world smallest countries. Its population is over 58 million. About 80% of population lives in cities.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft
В. Read the following years aloud:
1099, 1778. 1804, 1918, 2005, 63B.C, 1132, 1559, 55B.C, 1874,1246, 925, 718. 1963, 1799, 2145, 1666,2005,201.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
1. Fill in the blanks with proper personal pronouns:
I have a sister. I love ... very much.
This is my new coat. Look at....
Where is my ticket? Here it is. Take....
They are very good people. I know ....
Where is your letter? I'd like to read ....
My uncle is old. He wants to live with ... and my parents.
The girl is bored. Take ... home.
We are good students and our teacher likes to teach ....
How is your nephew? Say "Hi" to ....
You are ill, Pete. We want to be with ... in the evening.
2. Fill in the blanks with proper personal pronouns me, him, her, it, us, you or them:
Linda isn't here. Can I give ... a message?
What's your telephone number? 1 don't know ....
Look at the exercise on page 20. Please do ... for Friday.
We want to talk with our cousin William, but he is tired and bored. He doesn't want to speak ....
I don't have my books here. I have ... at home.
Are your roommates here? 1 don't see them.
Who's that handsome man? I want to meet....
3. Use personal pronouns:
My husband has a new car, but he doesn't like ....
Pete has three sons. He plays golf with ... in his free time.
Steve's new teacher is Mr. Todd. Steve likes ... a lot.
That's my notebook. Can I have ... back, please.
Mary and 1 are good students, so our teacher likes ....
Their tutor gives ... a lot of homework.
Mr. Standifer buys a newspaper every day and reads ... on the train.
Look! This is a photo of... with my friends.
Laura likes Alice, but Sarah doesn't like ... at all.
Sandy lives near Peter and Ann. He goes to work with ... every day in their car.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 1. Fill in the blanks with: my, his, her, its, our, your, their:
We have a nice flat......flat is in a new house.
They have a large apartment. There are four rooms in.....apartment.
I have a dog......name is Snip.
Steve has a new school-bag......school-bag is brown.
Ann is glad to see.....friends again.
I have a piano in.....room.
You have a big dog! Does it live in.....flat?
He put on.....new jacket.
She broke.....arm.
Materials can be classified according to.....electrical properties.
2. Rewrite the sentences twice according to the model, using possessive pronoun Model: This bag belongs to me. This is my_ bag. This bag is mine.
This watch belongs to you.
That house belongs to them.
These note-books belong to us.
Those clothes belong to him.
3. Fill in the blanks with possessive pronouns:
The bookcase is in the room, .....(its, his) shelves are wide.
They will build a new road, .....(her, its) length will be about fifty kilometers.
My sister has a new dress......(its, her) dress is brown.
The story of.....(its, her) love was very beautiful.
Look at this machine. The story of..... (her, its) invention is very interesting.
UNTT3
Text 3.1. Canada
Canada is the second largest country in the world. It covers the northern part of North America and its total area is 9,975,000 square kilometers. Canada is the largest country in the world after Russia. Three quarters of the country are uninhabited. Canada's only neighbor is the USA. The border between the two countries is the longest unguarded border in the world.
Canada's motto, "From Sea to Sea", is particularly appropriate because the country is bounded by three oceans - the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. Its vast area includes some of the world's largest lakes and countless smaller ones. The Great Lakes and the Niagara Falls on the Niagara River attract tourists from all continents. One-third of all fresh water on Earth is in Canada.
Canada's name comes from an Indian word Kanata, which means "village". The first French settlers used the Indian name for the colony, but the official name was "New France". When the area came under the British rule in 1897, the new country was called the Dominion of Canada, or simply Canada. Canada is a union often provinces and two territories.
Compared with other large countries, Canada has a small population, only about 27,300,000. The country, however, is one of the world's most prosperous. Canadians developed its rich natural resources and, in the process, have achieved a high standard of living. Canada has fish, timber, wood products, minerals, gas, oil
and hydroelectricity.
Canada is a constitutional monarchy. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and Queen Elizabeth II is its official head of state. Although the Queen holds this position, she doesn't rule. She serves as a symbol of British tradition. Her representative in Canada is the Governor General, whom she appoints on the advice of the Canadian Prime Minister. The Governor's duties are limited to symbolic, mostly ceremonial acts.
The real power belongs to the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The Canadian Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Commons and the Senate.
There are two official languages in the country: English and French. All Canadian children have to learn both French and English at school, but Francophones and Anglophones do not enjoy learning each other's language. "We have two races, two languages, two systems of religious belief, two sets of laws... two systems of everything," said one Canadian journalist. The capital of Canada is Ottawa.
I. Answer the questions:
1. Where is Canada situated?
2. What is the territory and population of Canada?
3. What is Canada's motto? Why?
4. Where does Canada's name come from?
5. How many provinces does it consist of?
6. What's the country rich in?
7. What kind of state is Canada?
8. Who is the head of the state and the head of the government?
9. How many official languages are there in the country?
10. What is the capital of Canada?
II. Complete these sentences with the suitable words from the text:
1. The border between the two countries...
2. Canada's motto, "From Sea to Sea"...
3. The Great Lakes and the Niagara Falls...
4. The first French settlers used...
5. Canadians developed its rich natural resources...
6. Her representative in Canada...
7. The Canadian Parliament consists of...
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8. All Canadian children have to learn...
9. We have two races... III. Translate into English:
1. Общая площадь;
2. Население;
3. Уровень жизни;
4. Необитаемый;
5. Природные ресурсы;
6. Привлекать туристов;
7. Неохраняемая граница;
8. Конституционная монархия;
9. Состоять из двух палат; 10.Официальное название.
Text 3.2. Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls are composed of two major sections, separated by Goat Island: the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side and the American Falls on the American side. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls are also located on the American side, separated from the main falls by Luna Island. The international boundary line was originally drawn through Horseshoe Falls in 1819, but the boundary has long been in dispute due to natural erosion and construction. The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power. Managing the balance between recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19th century. There are differing theories as to the origin of the name of the falls. According to lroquoian scholar Bruce Trigger, "Niagara" is derived from the name given to a branch of the locally residing native Neutral Confederacy, who are described as being called the "Niagagarega" people on several late 17th century French maps of the area. According to George R. Stewart, it comes from the name of an Iroquois town called "Ongniaahra". meaning "point of land cut in two".
Niagara Falls were formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation (the last ice age), and water from the newly formed Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean. While not exceptionally high, the Niagara Falls are very wide. More than 6 million cubic feet (168,000 m3) of waterfalls over the crest line every minute in high flow, and almost 4 million cubic feet (110,000 m3) on average.
The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power. Managing the balance between recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19th century.
The Horseshoe Falls drop about 173 feet (53 m), while the height of the American Falls varies between 70-100 feet (21-30 m) because of the presence of giant boulders at its base. The larger Horseshoe Falls are about 2,600 feet (790 m) wide, while the American Falls are 1,060 feet (320 m) wide. The distance between the American extremity of the Niagara Falls and the Canadian extremity is 3,409 feet (1,039 m).
3.3 Grammar.
WORD ORDER
1. Now you have to put the words in brackets into the sentences in the correct order:
Examples: I can never remember his name, (remember / never / can)
1. I..........................sugar in my tea. (take/usually)
2. 'Where is Jim?' 'He...........................home early.'(gone/has/probably)
3. Arm....................very generous, (is/always)
4. Ann and Tom......................in Manchester, (both /were/ bom)
5. Tim is a good pianist. He.................................very well, (sing/also/can)
6. Our television set....................................down, (often / breaks)
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7. We......................................a long time tor (he bus. (have/always/to wait)
8. My sight isn't very good. I..........................with glasses, (read/can/only)
9. I...................................................early tomorrow, (probably/leaving/will/
be)
10. I'm afraid 1 .................................able to come to the party, (probably/be/won't)
11. If we hadn't taken the same train, we............................................each other.
(never / met / might / have)
2. Now you have to put the parts of a sentence in the correct order:
Examples: (children / very much /1 like). I like children very much.
1. (he won / easily / the game). He won
2. (again / please don't ask / that question). Please
3. (football / every week-end / does Ken play?). Does
4. (quietly /the door/I closed) I.....................................................
5. (his name / after a few minutes/I remembered). I...............................
6. (a letter to her parents / Ann writes / every week). Ann.......................................................
7. (at the top of the page / your name / please write). Please.....................................................
8. (some interesting books / we found / in the library). We........................................................
3. In this exercise you have to decide whether the underlined words are in right position or not. Correct the sentences which are wrong.
Examples: Tom goes always to work by car. WRONG - Tom always goes...
I cleaned the house and also cooked the dinner. RIGHT
1. I have a good memory for faces but I always forget names.
2. Those tourists over there probably are American.
3. Tom gets hardly ever angry.
4. We both were astonished when we heard the news.
5. I soon found the keys I had lost.
6. 1 did some shopping and I went also to the bank.
7. Tom has always to hurry in the morning because he gets up so late.
8. The baby is very good. She seldom cries during the night.
9. 1 usually am very tired when I get home from work. 10.1 usually have a bath when I get home from work.
TYPES OF QUESTIONS I. Determine the types of questions:
1. Do you always watch TV in the evening? 2. How old is he? 3. When do you read the papers? 4. She always has dinner at home, doesn't she? 5. Does he work at school or at the Institute? 6. You don't know him, do you?
2. Put general questions to the sentences:
1.1 do my morning exercises every day. 2. He prepares his lesson at the library. 3. We train in the gym. 4. They have a large family. 5. We work in the evening. 6. My friend helps me at mathematics.
3. Put special questions to the underlined word - combinations:
I. They like to listen to the radio after supper. 2. He has four sisters. 3. They often go for a walk in the evening. 4. Tom and Nick live in the same house. 5. Their flat is on the seventh floor. 6. They went to the Far East. 7. These workers take a shower after their work.
SEQUENCE OF TENSES 1. Transform the sentences into Indirect speech:
1. "Will the teacher return our exercise-books today?" asked Nick. 2. "My nephew is a very capable young man." said the woman. 3. "Sit still and don't move your head," said the doctor to me. 4. "1 want to know how your cousin likes working at this hospital," said Vera to Helen. 5. "Don't forget to bring your exercise-books tomorrow," said the teacher to us. 6. "How can I get to the circus?" asked the girl.
7. "I am very sorry, Kate." said Mike. "I have forgotten to bring your dictionary."
8. "When does your mother go shopping?" asked the neighbour. 9. "Do you know where the Browns live?" we asked a passer-by. 10. There are a lot of trains to my station on Sunday," said Tanya to us. "You will have no problems getting to my country-place."
2. Transform the sentences into Indirect speech, use any noun or pronoun in the main sentence:
Example: I. I shall do it now if you like. She says that she will do that if he likes.
2. My brother was here today. 3. It's a pity you didn't come earlier. 4. There will be an interesting lecture at the school assembly-hall tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 5. Last year 1 spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 6.1 came to live in this town several years ago. 7.1 have read all about it in today's newspaper. 8. They finished building this house only last week. 9. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 10. I shall go skiing on Sunday if 1 have time. 11.1 shall come as soon as 1 am ready. UNIT 4 Text 4.1 The USA
The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after
Russia, Canada and China). It occupies the southern part of North America and
stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes Alaska in the north
and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country is about nine and a
half million square kilometers. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on
Mexico in the south. It also has a sea-boarder with Russia.
The USA is made up of 50 states and the District of Columbia, a special federal
area where the capital of the country, Washington, is situated. The population of
the country is more than 270 million.
If we look at the map of the USA, we can see lowlands and mountains. The highest
mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordilleras and Siena Nevada. The
highest peak is Mount McKinley which is located in Alaska.
America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande and the
Columbia. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and deepest
in the USA.
The climate of the country varies greatly. The coldest regions are in the north. The
climate of Alaska is arctic. The climate of the central part is continental. The south
has a subtropical climate. Hot winds blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring
typhoons. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the
Atlantic coast.
The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It's one of the world's leading
producer of copper and oil and the world's second producer of iron ore and coal.
Among the most important manufacturing industries are aircraft, cars, textiles,
radio and television sets, armaments, furniture and paper.
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Through mainly European and African in origin, Americans are made up from
nearly all races and nations, including Chinese and Native Americans.
The largest cities are: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit,
San-Francisco, Washington and others.
The United States is a federal union of 50 states, each of which has its own
government. The seat of the central (federal) government is Washington, DC.
According to the US Constitution the powers of the government are divided into 3
branches: the executive, headed by the President, the legislative exercised by the
Congress, and the judicial. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of
Representatives.
There are two main political parties in the USA: the Republican and the Democratic, though there's hardly any difference between their political lines. IV. Answer the questions: 11 .Where is the USA situated?
12. What is the territory and population of the USA?
13. What countries does America borders on? 14.How many states is the USA made up of?
15. Who rules the country?
16. What are the branches of the Government?
17. What is the climate of the country?
18. Where is the seat of the central government?
19. What are the largest cities?
20.What are two main political parties in the USA? V. Complete these sentences with the suitable words from the text:
1. It occupies the southern part...
2. The USA is made up of...
3. The highest mountains are...
4. America's largest rivers are...
5. The climate along the Pacific coast...
6. It's one of the world's leading...
7. Among the most important manufacturing industries...
8. Through mainly European and African in origin...
9. The largest cities are...
JO.According to the US Constitution... VI. Translate into English:
1. Низменности и горы;
2. Морская граница с ...;
3. Высокоразвитая промышленная страна;
4. Арктический климат;
5. Производитель меди и нефти;
6. Отрасли промышленности;
7. В соответствии с конституцией США
8. Две главные политические партии;
Text 4.2 "Cities of the USA"
Amount large and famous American cites are Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York. Washington is the capital of the USA. It is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. G. Washington chose the place. The city was founded in 1791 and named after the first president. Now Washington is the residence of the president and the congress. The center of the city is on Capital Hill. This building houses both the Senate and a House of Representatives. The White House is one of the oldest buildings in the city. It is the president's residence. Washington is a large scientific and cultural center. There are five universities in the city. The national academy of sciences and the library of congress are in Washington too. The national museum, the old and new national galleries of art, Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln memorials are among the city sites.
New York is the largest city in the USA. It is an economic, financial, scientific and cultural center. Dutch settlers founded the city in the 17-th century. The heart of New York is Manhattan. Here the Dutch built the first building of the
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town. The business center of New York is near Wall Street. Another famous street is Broadway. It is the longest and the widest street in New York. It is the street where the most famous theaters are situated. New York is the city of famous skyscrapers. The highest buildings are Empire State Building and the United National Building. There are many places of interest in New York. They are: the Statue of Liberty, the United Nations Building, Empire State Building, Columbia University, City Hall, New York Public Library and others. When you come to New York you see lots of cars, big and small, black and yellow, old and modern; you do not see any trees or flowers in the streets, but only cars. You'll see and hear advertisements everywhere. There is no getting away from them. Advertisements fill the newspapers and cover the walls, they are on menu-cards and match-boxes, and they are shouted through loud speakers and shown in the cinemas.
Greenwich Village and the East Village have always been at the centre of New York's excitement. Both have been places for people with different and creative ideas. Both have an active nightlife with plenty of bars, restaurants and
clubs.
In the early 1900s the charm of Greenwich Village attracted bohemians -writers and artists. By the 1920s, the streets of the Village were filled with other people, curious to see how these odd Villagers lived. The artists and writers began moving out, some to the East Village. Today, the Village has many elements: students attending New Y'ork University; an active jazz scene; street performers, police, drug dealers, joggers, roller skates, and just about everyone else.
When bohemians moved to the East Village 1920s, they found an area similar to the Lower East Side. There were many immigrants, much dirt and grime. The East Village has changed very little. Over the years it has been a centre for many movements - for the beat poets of the 1950s, the hippies of the 1960s, and, more recently, for New York's punk scene.
One of the main cities of the USA is Philadelphia. It is situated in the east of the USA. Now Washington is the capital of the USA, but Philadelphia was the first capital of the United States of America from 1790 till 1800. Many people considerthat Philadelphia is an important political centre of the USA, because the USA constitution in the world adopted in this city in 1787.
Philadelphia is a sea port and a shipping centre of the country, too. It is an important manufacturing centre. Some branches of industry are developed in the city.
There are many sights in Philadelphia, for example, the Independence National Historical Park. You can see many monuments in it. If you want to learn the history of America you have to learn something about the Liberty Bell. Now the Liberty Bell is a symbol of freedom. The sound of this Bell told the people about the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. It was in July, 1776.
Philadelphia is one of the cultural centers of the country. The Parkway is the cultural centre of Philadelphia. You can see the Philadelphia Museum of Art (one of the greatest art museums of the world). College of Art, Academy of Science and the Academy of Fine Arts there.
There is the Pennsylvania University in Philadelphia. This University has got an interesting and big library.
Vocabulary
to be founded - быть основанным
to be named after - быть названным в честь
skyscraper - небоскреб
advertisement - реклама
curious - любопытный
movement - движение
branches of industry - отрасли промышленности
liberty - свобода
symbol of freedom - символ свободы
manufacture - производство
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L_ Answer the following questions:
1. What large and famous American cities do you know?
2. Where is Washington situated?
3. How many universities are there in Washington?
4. What famous streets of New York do you know?
5. Can you see a lot of skyscrapers in New York?
6. What is the center of New York's excitement?
7. What was the first capital of the USA?
8. Where was the first constitution adopted?
9. When was the Declaration of Independence proclaimed?
10. What sights do you know in Philadelphia?
Z_ Complete the following sentences:
1. The city was founded ...
2. It is an economic ...
3. When you come to New York ...
4. Advertisements fill the newspapers ...
5. Today, the Village has many elements ...
6. Over the years it has been a centre ...
7. Now Washington is the capital...
8. Many people consider that Philadelphia ...
9. If you want to learn the history ...
10. You can see the Philadelphia Museum of Art...
3. Find the English equivalents:
1. научный и культурный центр
2. самая длинная и широкая улица
3. достопримечательности
4. важный политический центр
5. привлекать представителей богемы
6. уличные артисты
7. морской порт и центр торговли
8. Декларация о независимости
9. академия прикладного искусства
10. интересная и большая библиотека
£. Маке щ> a dialogue o_n the following situation:
Your friend worked in America during summer holidays and you ask him about his impression.
£. Make a plan of this text.
Express the main idea of the text usins vow plan.
4.3 Grammar
CONDITIONALS
I. Write each sentence twice: the Г* sentence refers to the 2nd type, the 2nd sentence to the 3rd type:
1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. If no one comes to help, we shall be obliged to do the work ourselves. 3. If you put on your glasses, you will see well. 4. What shall we do if they are late? 5. Will you be very angry if we don't come? 6. Will he be very displeased if I don't ring him up? 7. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 8. If he doesn't come in time, shall we have to wait for him?
2. Open the brackets and use the proper form of the verb:
I. If you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 2. If you (to be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 3. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well. 4. If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend. 5. If he (not to pass) his examination, he will not get a scholarship.
6. If she (not to help) me, 1 should have been in a very difficult situation. 7. My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspaper. 8. If only you had let me know, 1 (to go) there immediately. 9. If I were a famous singer, I (to get) a lot of flowers every day. 10. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea.
PARTICIPLE
1. Open the brackets and use the proper form of the participle:
1. (to translate) by a good specialist, the story preserved all the sparkling hum of the original. 2. (to approve) by the critics, the young author's story was accepted by a thick magazine. 3. (to wait) in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady. 4. They reached the oasis at last, (to walk) across the endless desert the whole day. 5. (to lie) down on the soft couch, the exhausted child fell asleep at once. 6. She went to work, (to leave) the child with the nurse. 7. (to phone) the agency, he left (to say) he would be back in two hours. 8. (to write) in very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read. 9. (to write) his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics. 10. (to spend) twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home. 11. (to be) so far away from home, he still felt himself the part of the family. 12. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a happy smile, never (to give) such a wonderful present.
2. Translate into English, using the proper form of the participle:
1. Артистка, рассказывающая детям сказки по радио, знаменита на всю страну. 2. Сказка, рассказанная няней, произвела на ребенка большое впечатление. 3. Рассказав ребенку сказку, она пожелала ему спокойной ночи. 4. Моя бабушка, рассказавшая мне эту сказку, живет в маленьком домике на берегу озера. 5. Ребенок всегда с интересом слушает сказки, рассказываемые няней. 6. Рассказывая детям сказки, она говорит разными голосами, имитируя героев сказок.
and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
1. Answer the following questions:
1. Where is Great Britain situated?
2. How many countries does the UK. consist of?
3. Name the capital of these countries.
4. What separates British islands from the continent?
5. Which river is the deepest in the UK?
6. What influence the climate of the UK?
7. Characterize the industry of the country.
8. Who is the head of the country?
9. Who is the head of the government?
2. Complete the following sentences:
1. The country is ruled by ....
2.....because of its natural beauty.
3.....electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment.
4. The Severn is the longest river,....
5.....by the Northern Sea and the English Channel.
6.....is situated on the British Isles.
7.....England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
8.....influence the climate of the British Isles.
3. Find the English equivalents:
1. драгоценный камень
2. влиять на
3. королева правит, но не управляет
4. высокоразвитая промышленность
5. состоит из двух палат
6. кораблестроение
7. омывается Атлантическим океаном
8. навигационное оборудование
Text 1.2 "Places to visit in England"
Stonehenge: a prehistoric complex on Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, regarded as one of the most important monuments of its kind in Europe, and very popular with visitors. The great circle of standing stones is believed to have had some religious or astronomical purpose.
Windsor: a town on the Thames, not far from London. Its castle has been a royal residence for nine centuries. Seen from a distance it is beautiful beyond imagination. Windsor Castle has a long and fascinating history. Some of the interior apartments are open to the public when the Sovereign is not in residence.
Canterbury: an ancient city in Kent, with a majestic cathedral which dominates it. Canterbury is a religious capital of England. It was built in the 11th-15th centuries, and became a place of pilgrimage in medieval times after the murder of Thomas a Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury.
Brighton: a popular seaside resort, famous for the architecture of the Royal Pavillion built in an oriental style. Brighton is known for its large conference centre, where many important political and scientific meeting are held.
Portsmouth: a large city on the south coast particularly rich in associations with the Royal Navy. The flagship of Lord Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar,
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PARTICIPLE CONSTRUCTIONS
1. Translate into Russian, using nominative absolute participle construction:
1. The next morning, it being Sunday, they all went to church. 2. For the moment the shop was empty, the mechanic having disappeared into a room at the back. 3. There being nothing else on the table, Oliver replied that he wasn't hungry. 4. Mrs. Maylie being tired, they returned more slowly home. 5. Their search revealing nothing, Clyde and she walked to a corner.6. The wind being favorable, our yacht will reach the island in no time.7.I had long tasks every day to do with Mr. Mell, but I did them, there being no Mr. and Miss Murdstone here. 8. Ii being now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs. 9. He being no more heard of, it was natural to forget everything. 10. He started about five, Riggs having informed him that the way would take him three hours.
2. Use participle construction instead of words in italics:
1. Students who read a lot in English know the language better than those who read less. 2. While I was reading the book you gave me yesterday. I found a lot of new words. 3.1 live in a house which was built more than a hundred years ago. 4. Since I didn 't know my friend's new address, I could hardly hope to find him. 5. In this shop you can buy things which are made in different parts of Russia. 6. Once when 1 was walking in the wood, I found a flower which I had never seen before. 7. I always read books which describe the lives of great people with interest. 8. What's the name of the teacher who's examining Group Three? 9. When we discussed this book, we found out a lot of interesting things. 10. When he was asked the same questions, he didn't know what to say either. 11. As I was very busy, 1 couldn't help them.
UNIT 5 Text 5.1 "Holidays in USA"
Each of 50 states establishes its own legal holidays. But there are holidays, which are common to all federal offices. They are the New Year Day, Washington Birthday - «President's Day», Memorial Day, Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day.
There are also many traditional holidays such as St' Valentine's Day, Mothers' Day and Halloween. Perhaps the «two most American holidays» are the 4th of July and Thanksgiving Day.
The 4th of July is Independence Day, It is the biggest national holiday in the USA. The Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, when the American colonies were fighting for independence against England.
The Independence Day is like a big national party. It takes place through over the country: in neighborhoods, beaches or in parks. Some towns and cities have parades with bands and flags and many politicians try to give a patriotic speech if there are any listeners. But what makes this holiday exciting is the atmosphere of enjoyment. Families have beach parties with hot-dogs and hamburgers, volleyball, fireworks and rockets at night. The national birthday is also the nation's greatest annual summer party.
Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday in November. In the autumn of 1621, the Pilgrim Fathers celebrated their first harvest festival in America and called it Thanksgiving Day. Since that time it has been celebrated every' year.
On Thanksgiving Day, family members gather at house of an older relative. All give thanks for everything good they have. Charitable organizations offer traditional meal to the homeless.
The traditional thanksgiving meal consists of roast turkey stuffed with herb-flavoured bred, cranberry jelly, mashed potatoes, pumpkin pie. Other dishes may vary as to region: ham, sweet potatoes, creamed com.
St' Valentine's Day, February 14th, is sweethearts' day when people who are in love express their affection for each other in gay and merry ways. The cards may be different but the message is the same. "Will you be my Valentine?" Anyone can send a massage for a would-be sweetheart, a good friend, an acquaintance or even a spouse of fifty years.
One of the earliest popular symbols of the day is Cupid, the Roman god of Love, who is represented by the image of a young boy with a bow and arrow.
Halloween means «holly evening». It takes place on the 31-st of October. It is connected with witches and ghosts. At parties people dress up in strange costumes and pretend they are witches. They cut horrible faces in potatoes and pumpkins and put a candle inside which shines through the eyes. People may play different games such as trying to eat an apple from a bucket of water without using their hands. In recent years children dressed in white sheets knocked on doors at Halloween and ask if you like trick or treat. If you give them smth nice - a treat -they go away. But if you don't, they play a trick on you, such as making a lot of noise or pilling floor on your front doorstep.
Christmas is Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. For millions of Christians throughout the world it is the happiest and the busiest time of the year. No one knows the exact date of Christ's birth but most Christians celebrate Christmas on December 25.
People of different countries celebrate Christmas in various ways. People in the US decorate their homes with Christmas trees, wreaths and ornaments. City streets are filled with colored lights; the sound of bells and Christmas carols can be heard everywhere. Children write letters to Santa Claus and tell him what presents they would like to get.
A Christmas tree is one of the main symbols of Christinas in most homes. Relatives and friends may join in trimming the tree with lights, tinsel, and colorful ornaments. Presents are placed under the tree. On Christmas Eve or Christmas morning, families open their presents.
A traditional Christmas dinner consists of stuffed turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce and a variety of other dishes. Some families have ham or roast goose instead of turkey. Pumpkin pie, plum pudding, and fruitcake are favourite desserts.
Vocabulary
annual - ежегодный
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harvest - жатва, уборка хлеба charitable - благотворительный herb-flavoured - пряности sweetheart - возлюбленный/ая acquaintance - знакомство spouse - супруг, супруга image - образ, изображение witch -- ведьма ghost - привидение horrible - ужасный candle - свеча wreath - венок
carol - рождественский гимн tinsel - мишура Christmas Eve - сочельник pumpkin pie -тыквенный пирог L_ Answer the following questions:
1. When do Americans celebrate Independence Day?
2. When was the Declaration of independence approve?
3. What activities are popular on this day?
4. What is the date of Thanksgiving and how it was adopted?
5. What are the traditional dishes on Thanksgiving?
6. What is the one of the first popular symbols of St' Valentine's Day?
7. What do most people send on this day?
8. What is the origin of Halloween?
9. What does the word «Halloween» mean?
10. How do people in the US celebrate Christmas?
11. What do the children do on Christmas?
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12. What does a traditional Christmas dinner consist of?
2. Find the English equivalents:
1. Самый большой государственный праздник.
2. Декларация независимости была провозглашена.
3. Члены семьи собираются в доме старшего родственника.
4. Выражать благодарность.
5. «Угощение или розыгрыш».
6. Рождение Иисуса Христа.
7. Хлопотное время.
8. Повсюду слышны колокольчики.
1 What American holidays are celebrated in Russia? What is, your attitude to them? How they were adopted in Russia?
5.2. Grammar. GERUND
1. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
1. They accuse him of having robbed the house. 2. He never agreed to their going on that dangerous voyage. 3. He did not approve of her drinking so much coffee. 4. The teacher of mathematics did not approve of his pupils dreaming. 5. All the happiness of my life depends on your loving me. 6. I don't feel like seeing him. 7. I insist on being told the truth. 8. I object to his borrowing money from you. 9. I stretched out my hand to prevent her from falling. 10. My friend succeeded in translating this difficult text.
2. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Я думаю о том, чтобы поехать на юг летом. 2. Мальчик жаловался, что его постоянно ругают и наказывают. 3. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы поговорить с ним. 4. Я с нетерпением ждал встречи с братом. 5. Мнечто-то не хочется сегодня играть в лото. 6. Ей удалось сделать очень хороший перевод этого трудного текста. 7. Благодарю вас, что вы прислали мне такие красивые цветы. 8. Его обвинили в том, что он продал важные государственные секреты. 9. Он отрицал, что продал их. 10. Он настаивал на том, что невиновен. 11. Он боялся, что его посадят в тюрьму. GERUND CONSTRUCTIONS
1. Change the sentences, using gerund construction:
1. When the boy entered the room, he glanced curiously around, (on) 2. The patient felt much better after he had been given proper treatment. 3. Just before I left the classroom, 1 was approached by a fellow-student who asked me to help him. 4. Looking at the man attentively, she remembered that she had seen him and spoken to him on several occasions. 5. That nobody saw them was a mere chance. 6. The mother insisted that her son should enter the university. 7. The place looked so picturesque and cheerful that he rejoiced at the thought that he would come to live there, (of) 8. When he entered, she stood up and left the room, and even did not look at him, (without). 9. When Robert came home from the college after he had passed his examinations, he felt very happy, (on). 10. In the darkness they were afraid that they might lose their way. 11. When he reached his destination, he sent a telegram home to say that he had arrived safely, (on). 12. Thank you that you helped me,(for). 13. The new medicine may be recommended only after it is approved by the Scientific Board.
2. Change the sentences, using gerund construction:
I. The pleasant-faced middle-aged woman insisted that Olga should come to her town to teach, (on). 2. Helen suggested that they should go on a trip. 3. There is a possibility that my father will join us for the trip, (of). 4. The girls knew that me sportsman had been awarded a prize, (of). 5. I don't mind if you walk to the underground station with me. 6. When they entered the house, they heard the last bell ringing, (on). 7. Thank you that you invited me to the theatre, (for). 8. The woman insisted that her husband should consult the doctor at once, (on). 9. She could not even think that the operation might be postponed, (of). 10. There was little hope that James would return on the same da}', (of). 11. The thought that he had been turned away by the doorkeeper made him feel miserable, (of).
INFINITIVE
1. Open the brackets and use the proper form of the infinitive:
I. I hate (to brother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 5. T consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defense lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem (to look) for trouble.
2. Translate into English, using the proper form of the infinitive:
I. Я рад, что рассказал вам эту историю. 2. Я рад, что мне рассказали эту историю. 3. Я хочу познакомить вас с этой артисткой. 4.Я хочу, чтобы меня познакомили с этой артисткой. 5. Я рад, что встретил её на станции. 6. Я рад, что меня встретили на станции. 7. Мы очень счастливы, что нас пригласили на вечер. 8. Мы очень счастливы, что пригласили его на вечер. 9. Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки. 10. Я не думал останавливаться на этой станции 11. Я не ожидал, что меня остановят. 12. Я сожалею, что причинил вам столько беспокойства . 13. Он будет счастлив, посетить эту знаменитую картинную галерею.
INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
1. Translate into English, using the same structures as in the models:
Model I: a) My grandfather likes to be asked about his work at the factory.
b) I hate to be made fun of.
if.
1. Мой друг попросил, чтобы ему разрешили съездить в Ленинград на два дня. 2. Инженер хотел, чтобы ему показали весь завод. 3. Никто не любит, когда его наказывают. 4. Мальчик не хотел, чтобы его хвалили в присутствии других учеников. 5. Он не хотел, чтобы над ним смеялись.
Model 2: a) Can you lend me an English book to read?
b) This is an interesting subject to give a talk on.
1 .Это интересный фильм, который можно посмотреть. 2. Это интересный факт, который можно упомянуть в докладе. 3. Вот человек, на которого можно положиться. 4. Это весьма неудобный момент для того, чтобы связаться с ним по телефону.