english_for_masters
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d 2 y |
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the second derivative of у with respect to s, plus у times the |
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+[2 +b(s)]× y = 0 |
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quantity two plus b of s, is equal to zero |
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ds2 |
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3/4 km |
three quarters of a kilometer |
n |
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sum; X1+X2i....+Xn |
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∑Xk |
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k =1 |
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1.65 km |
one point sixty-five kilometer |
n |
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product; X1*X2 ...Xn |
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∏Xk |
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k =1 |
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15 Ib |
fifteen pounds |
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r |
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the sum from k equals 0 to k |
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∑ |
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k =0 |
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equals r |
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50 mi/h |
fifty miles per hour |
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modulo – 2 sum |
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5 ft/s |
5 feet per second |
X |
largest integer less than or equal |
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to X (the integer part of X) |
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16 h. p. |
16 horse powers |
X |
smallest integer greater than or |
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equal to X |
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74.5 °F |
seventy-four point five degrees |
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x ≈ y |
x is approximately equal to y |
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Fahrenheit |
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20 °C |
twenty degrees Centigrade |
x << y |
x is negligible compared to у |
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….. |
a dotted line |
n |
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number of combinations of n |
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objects taken m at a time |
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m |
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−−− |
a dash line |
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f |
g |
f is defined to be equal to y |
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- - - - |
a broken line |
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f |
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norm of function f |
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− − − |
a dot and dash line |
(fg ) |
inner product of functions f and |
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. . |
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g |
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a solid line |
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[f (D)]mn |
fmDm +fm+1Dm+l +...+fnDn for |
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n ≥m and 0 for m>n where |
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f(D)= ∑ fkDk is a polynomial |
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−−→ |
in the direction of the arrow |
A B |
union of sets A and B (that is, |
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the set of elements in A or B of |
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both) |
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M* |
a starred parameter |
f (x) |
gradient of the function f(x) |
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M |
its instarred counterpart |
Ac |
complement of set A |
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laplacian |
U Am |
A1U A2U A3U … |
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m |
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a triangle |
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intersection of sets A and В (that |
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A ∩ B |
is, the set of elements |
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commonly contained in sets A |
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and B) |
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X |
the increment of X |
a A |
the element a is contained in the |
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set A |
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/m/ |
m appears between slats |
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В is a subset of A |
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B A |
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< |
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the word signal is angle-enclosed |
a:S |
the set of elements a such that |
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statement S is satisfied. |
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signal> |
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1. |
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followed by a period |
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A is defined as the set of |
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A={a:S} |
elements a for which statement |
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S is satisfied |
reference |
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5 is a raised numerical |
S1 S2 |
statement S1 implies S2 and S2 |
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5 |
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implies S1 |
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/tube/ |
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the word tube is cited between |
GCD |
greatest common divisor |
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single quotation marks |
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the word line is cited between |
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infinum; largest number n ever |
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//line// |
double quotation marks |
inf f(x) |
exceeding f (x) over allowed |
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range of x. If the minimum |
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exists, then inf f (x) = min f |
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{x} |
~ |
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a swung dash |
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lowest common multiple |
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LCM |
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§ |
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a section |
lim |
limit as x approaches у |
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x→ y |
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italic |
indicated by a single straight |
lim |
limit as x approaches у from |
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type |
underscore |
→ y + |
above |
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simulati |
indicated by a double underscore |
lim |
limit as x approaches у from |
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on |
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→ y − |
below |
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control |
indicated by a wavy underscore |
ln |
natural logarithm |
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log |
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logarithm to arbitrary base |
Rn (m) |
remainder after dividing m by n |
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(logn indicates logarithm to |
(m and n positive integers) |
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base n) |
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remainder after dividing |
max f (x) |
maximum value of f (x) over |
Rg(D) |
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allowed range of x |
f(D) |
polynomial f (D) by g (D) |
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maximum over x belongs to k |
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supremum; smallest number |
max |
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sup f (x) |
never exceeded by f (x) over |
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x k |
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allowed range of x. If the |
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maximum exists, then sup f |
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(x)=max f (x) |
min f (x) |
minimum value of f (x) over |
A B |
the points A and В are marked |
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• • |
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allowed range of x |
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with letters |
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202
ГРЕЧЕСКИЙ АЛФАВИТ И АНГЛИЙСКАЯ ТРАНСЛИТЕРАЦИЯ РУССКОГО АЛФАВИТА
Greek alphabet, English and Russian transliteration
Α α |
alpha |
альфа |
Ν ν |
nu |
ню |
Β β |
beta |
бета |
Ξ ζ |
xi |
кси |
Ι γ |
gamma |
гамма |
Ο ο |
omicron |
омикрон |
δ |
delta |
дельта |
Π π |
pi |
пи |
Ε ε |
epsilon |
эпсилон |
Ρ ρ |
rho |
ро |
Ζ ξ |
zeta |
дзета |
Σ σ |
sigma |
сигма |
Η η |
eta |
эта |
Τ τ |
tau |
тау |
Θ θ |
theta |
тэта |
Υ υ |
upsilon |
ипсилон |
Ι ι |
jota |
йота |
Φ ϕ |
phi |
фи |
Κ κ |
kappa |
каппа |
Χ χ |
chi |
хи |
Λ λ |
lambda |
ламбда |
Ψ ψ |
psi |
пси |
Μ μ |
mu |
мю |
Ω ω |
omega |
омега |
203
Literature
1.Сборник учебных текстов для магистров. Учебно-методическое пособие. Часть I. – СПб.: СПб ГИТМО (ТУ), 2000.
2.Шахова Н.И., Рейнгольд В.Г. и др. Learn to Read Science: Курс английского языка для аспирантов и научных работников. – М.: Наука, 1993.
3.Михельсон Т.Н., Успенская Н.В. и др. Справочник с упражнениями по грамматике английского языка. – СПб.: ИЧП «Бумеранг», 1994.
4.Маркушевская Л.П., Ермошина Н.В, Германчук Г.С., Некрасова Т.Г. Курс грамматики английского языка. Теория и практика. – СПб.: ЛИТОН, 2008.
5.Маркушевская Л.П., Мельникова А.Г. и др. Неличные формы глагола. Тесты по английскому языку. Издание 3-е. – СПб.: ЛИТОН, 2005.
6.Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. – СПб.: Изд-во
«Союз», 2001.
7.Казакова Т.А. Практические основы перевода. – СПб.: Лениздат, 2002.
8.Колодяжная Ж.А. Основные понятия об аннотировании и реферировании научных документов // Источники науч.-техн. информации и их аналитикосинтетическая обработка. – М., 2002.
9.Славина Г., Харьковский З., Антонова Е. Аннотирование и реферирование. Учебное пособие по английскому языку. – М.: Высшая школа, 2006.
10.Borko H., Bernier Ch. Abstracting concepts and methods. – N.Y, 2007.
204
В 2009 году Университет стал победителем многоэтапного конкурса, в результате которого определены 12 ведущих университетов России, которым присвоена категория «Национальный исследовательский университет». Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации была утверждена Программа развития государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики» на 2009–2018 годы.
The Department of Foreign Languages
The department of foreign languages was established on 20 September 1931. At that time the first new structural subdivision was singled out and the first head of the department, the associate –professor Falk K.I. (1931-1941) was assigned.
13 teachers worked at the department, namely, 7 teachers of English and 6 teachers of German.
The department of foreign languages was headed by: 1941-1951 senior teacher Mitskevich Z.P. 1953-1973 senior teacher Lisikhina B.L.
1973-1993 senior teacher Dygina M.S.
Professor Markushevskaya L.P. has headed the department since 1993.
At present the department consists of four sections: English, French, Russian and German, 30 teachers working in the staff.
More then 60 manuals were published at the department. The electronic versions of English Grammar, Computer in Use, Studying Optics have been produced. It helps students to improve their knowledge working on computers.
Much attention is given to working out different tests for distance education and special courses.
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Лариса Петровна Маркушевская |
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Тамара КонстантиновнаЧарская |
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Надежда Владимировна Ермошина |
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Наталья Николаевна Крашенинникова |
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Светлана Евгеньевна Калабина |
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English for Masters |
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Учебное пособие |
В авторской редакции |
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Дизайн |
Э.Р.Хусаинова |
Верстка |
Н.Н.Филатова |
Редакционно-издательский отдел Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета информационных технологий, механики и оптики
Зав. РИО |
Н.Ф. Гусарова |
Лицензия ИД № 00408 от 05.11.99 |
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Подписано к печати |
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Заказ № 2278 |
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Тираж 600 |
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Отпечатано на ризографе |
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Редакционно-издательский отдел
Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета информационных технологий, механики и оптики
197101, Санкт-Петербург, Кронверкский пр., 49
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