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английский / МО темы / Higher education in US

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HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA

  1. Study the list of topical vocabulary to avoid the difficulties in understanding the text in exercise VI. Consult the dictionary to pronounce the words correctly.

alumni – бывший студент

bachelor – бакалавр

complete – завершать, заканчивать

comprise – включать, содержать

employment – трудоустройство

fee – плата

last – длиться

link – связь

major (in) – специализироваться (по, в области)

master – магистр

offer – предлагать

private – частный

public – государственный

skill – умение, мастерство

support – 1) поддержка, средства к существованию

2) поддерживать, содержать

tuition – обучение

  1. Translate the following constructions and word combinations into Russian. Try to memorize them. Make up sentences using some them.

On the average, generally speaking, moreover, in addition to, nearly, two thirds, along with, entirely, immediately, right away, relevant to.

III. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the pronoun one (ones). The pronoun one (ones) substitutes the noun already mentioned in the sentence.

Example 1: Is that book the one that I gave you? –

Это та книга, которую я тебе дал?

Example 2: The programmes offered by a college are not as numerous as the ones at a university. – Специальностей (программ обучения), предлагаемых колледжем, не так много как специальностей в университете.

  1. A public college is one supported by government.

  2. Higher education in Russia is mostly free of charge, but the one in the USA is very expensive.

  3. Courses in medicine are longer than the ones in management.

  4. Doctor of Philosophy is the highest academic degree in the USA, the one awarded after 3 – 8 years of extensive research work.

  5. The academic consists of two semesters with the examinations at the end of each one.

IV. Read and translate the text, say what its main points are.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA

After graduation from high school over half of American students (at the age of 18 on the average) enter institutions of higher education. Higher education in the United States of America is provided by colleges and universities. Generally speaking, there is not much difference between these institutions of higher education. Usually, a university is larger than a college – it offers a greater variety of subjects to specialize in. Moreover, a university offers special programmes of advanced studies in addition to fundamental programmes.

There are about 1900 institutions of higher education in America. Some of them are public ones: they receive government support from local, state or federal sources. Nearly two thirds of colleges and universities in the USA are private: they are supported by private individuals, alumni or religious groups. Students must pay the tuition fees, but at public educational institutions the fees are less than at private ones. Higher education in America is getting more expensive every year. Only few American families can afford this.

Every college offers a wide range of courses and their numerous combinations. The same college may comprise the Faculty of Health Studies along with, for example, the Faculty of Engineering or Business, Law and Economics.

Most university or college courses last three or four years. Courses in such field as medicine may be even longer. During this period students are studying for a degree in chemistry or economics, for example, as they usually major in some specific field (chemistry, economics, philosophy, computer science, physics etc.). Degree is the title showing qualification when a student completes a university or a college course successfully. This can be a Bachelor of Arts (BA) or a Bachelor of Science (BS).

Students at American colleges and universities are called according to the year of study: freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors. Freshmen are the first year students, sophomores are the second year students, juniors are the third year students, seniors are the fourth year students.

Colleges usually offer programmes of study leading to employment or to a Bachelor’s degree. Students who major in business, management or art and design are entirely prepared for a career immediately after graduation from college.

Universities can offer postgraduate programmes preparing students more specifically for research work. They lead to a Master’s degree – Master of Arts (MA) or Master of (MS), or to a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) – the highest academic degree. (Sometimes Master’s degree programmes are extended first degree (BA or BS) programmes.) It takes two years to gain a Master’s degree in any academic area. A PhD degree is awarded after 3 – 8 years of extensive research work.

There are also two-year junior colleges awarding the lowest associate’s degrees. They have strong links with local industry and agriculture. These colleges offer courses related to them. Students are equipped with the knowledge and skills to use right away. Many the students who take such courses at night have daytime jobs relevant to their education. Examples are schools for primary and secondary school teachers, schools for agriculture and forestry, some schools of art and nursing.

V. Find all the international words in the text. Say what Russian words help to guess the meaning of these words.

VI. Read the following English word combinations taken from the text Higher Education in the USA. Choose their Russian equivalents.

supported by private individuals

давать знания и умения

to pay the tuition fees

крепкие связи с местными промышленными предприятиями и сельским хозяйством

it takes two years

платить за обучение

get more expensive

требуется два года

strong links with local industry and agriculture

иметь в дневное время работу, соответствующую образованию работать днем по специальности

to equip with the knowledge and skills

становиться все дороже

to have daytime job relevant to the education

получающий финансовую поддержку от частных лиц

VII. Match the words in column A with their explanations in column B.

A

B

1) Bachelor of Arts

a) a first university degree in a science subject (e. g. mathematics, chemistry, physics)

2) Bachelor of Science

b) a first university degree not in a scientific subject (e. g. history, psychology, sociology, languages)

3) degree

c) a course of study at a university or college, or the title a student get if he completes this

4) programme

d) subjects studied at a high level of knowledge and skill after a first degree at a university

5) course

e) the overall package of courses you take

6) advanced studies

f) programme of study or research leading to a Master’s degree or Doctor of Philosophy; students must complete a first degree before taking this

6) postgraduate programme

g) one of the individual components which make up the programme

VIII. Read the sentences, substitute the underlined words by their synonyms.

  1. Higher education in America is becoming costlier every year.

  2. The same college may include the Faculty of Health Studies along with the Faculty of Engineering or Business.

  3. Freshmen are introduced to the research areas in chemistry.

  4. Students who specialize in management are entirely prepared for a career after graduation from college.

  5. The two-year junior colleges have strong connection with local industry and agriculture.

  6. Many the students who attend such courses at night have daytime work relevant to their education.

  7. Degree is the title showing qualification when a student finishes a college course successfully.

IX. Read the sentences, insert the proper prepositions into them.

18: at (1) for (1) from (2) in (3) by (1) of (4) after (2) to (1) with (1)

  1. A university offers special programmes … advanced studies … addition … fundamental programmes.

  2. Public educational institutions receive government support … local, state or federal sources.

  3. Two thirds … colleges … the USA are private: they are supported … individuals, alumni or religious groups.

  4. Students who major … business, management or art and design are entirely prepared … a career immediately … graduation … college.

  5. A Doctor … Philosophy degree is awarded … 3 – 8 years … extensive research work.

  6. … two-year junior colleges students are equipped … the knowledge and skills to use right away.

X. Answer the following questions.

  1. What institutions provide higher education in the USA?

  2. What is the difference between a college and university?

  3. What is the difference between public and private college?

  4. How long does it take to graduate from an American college?

  5. What degrees are awarded to students after their graduation from the university?

  6. What students are entirely prepared for a career immediately after graduation from college?

  7. What programmes of advanced studies does a university offer? What degrees do the programmes of advanced studies lead to?

  8. What ate the two-year junior colleges?

XI. Make up a plan of the text Higher Education in the USA. Speak on the each point of your plan.

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