AIRSPACE

AIRSPACE

1. Divisions of airspace

Flight Information Region / Upper Infor­mation Region (FIR / UIR)

The world is divided into FIRs which, above a certain Flight Level varying between! states, become UIRs. Their boundaries nor­mally follow geographical state borders, but over international waters and parts of the world having good relations with their neighbours they are able to assume straight lines in accordance with ICAO recommenda­tions. Each FIR / UIR takes its name from an important city, particularly if it is the location of an Area Control Centre (ACC).

Within the FIR structure airspace is sub­divided according to the amount and type of aeronautical activity which takes place in it.

ICAO grades the airspace into 7 classes from A to G, where A is the busiest class at the high altitude.

In Russia we have only 3 classes: A,C,G.

Controlled airspace- is airspace in which ATC is provided to all traffic in different classes of airspace from A to E.

ATC-air traffic control (УВД)

ATS-air traffic serves (ОВД)

To accomplish this, controlled airspace should be established to protect the arrival, departure, and holding paths of the IFR flights.

A Control Zone (CTR) - is airspace around certain aerodromes in which Ait Traf­fic Control (АТС) is provided to all flights.

A Control Zone extends from ground level to a specified altitude or a specified flight level (FL), de­pending on the height

A Terminal Control Area (TMA)

Control Area established at the confluence of controlled airspace routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes.

A Control Area (СТА)

Control zone differs from control area in position, control area is located of the top of control zone.

Sp.(FL)

altitude

CTR zone

Gr.level

An Airway is a Control Area in the form of a corridor and is marked by radio navigation aids

Uncontrolled airspace is airspace in which ATC is not needed or can’t be provided for practical reasons.

Advisory routes (ADR) it is class G of airspace.

Advisory routes may be established in­stead of an airway in some less developed parts of the world where traffic is relatively light. It is still a narrow corridor but positive control is not imposed, ^

Controllers just pass information to help pilots maintain their own separation.

Open-FIR (открытый район полетной информации)

Open-FIR is a Class G airspace. Air Traffic services provided to flights in Open- FIR include:

- information and warnings on meteoro­logical conditions;

- changes of serviceability in naviga­tional and approach aids;

- condition of aerodrome facilities;

-aircraft proximity warnings;

-other information pertinent to the safety of air navigation.

Special use airspace

A Danger Area is defined airspace in which activities dangerous to flight may occur;

A Restricted Area is defined airspace in which flight is restricted according to certain conditions;

A Prohibited Area is defined airspace in which flight is prohibited.