Software for Opto-Mechanical Modeling
User’s Manual
Release 5.0
Revision 1/22/09
Lambda Research Corporation
25 Porter Road
Littleton, MA 01460
Tel: 978-486-0766
Fax: 978-486-0755 support@lambdares.com
COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
COPYRIGHT
The TracePro software and manual are Copyright © 2009 by Lambda Research Corporation. All rights reserved.
This software is provided with a single user license. It may only be used by one user and on one computer at a time.
The TracePro manual contains proprietary information. This information as well as the rest of the manual may not be copied in whole or in part, or reproduced by any means, or transmitted in any form without the prior written consent of Lambda Research Corporation.
TRADEMARKS
TracePro and OSLO are registered trademarks of Lambda Research Corporation. TracePro Bridge and RepTile are trademarks of Lambda Research Corporation. ACCOS V is a trademark of Optikos Software Corporation.
ACIS is a registered trademark of Spatial Corporation.
Autodesk and Autodesk Inventor are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc. CATIA is a registered trademark of Dassault Systemes.
Code V is a registered trademark of Optical Research Associates, Inc.
HOOPS is a registered trademark of Autodesk under exclusive license to Tech Soft America.
PRO-E and Pro/ENGINEER are registered trademarks of Parametric Technology Corporation. Wildfire is a trademark of Parametric Technology Corporation.
SolidWorks is a registered trademark of SolidWorks Corporation. ProSource is a registered trademark of Radiant Imaging, Inc.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries.
ZEMAX is a registered trademark and Sigma is a trademark of ZEMAX Development Corporation.
LICENSE AGREEMENT
The purchaser of TracePro is granted a license to use this product subject to the following restrictions and limitations.
1.The license is to the original purchaser only, and is not transferable without written permission of Lambda Research Corporation.
2.Only one copy of the software may be used on a single computer at a time. The software may be transferred for use on another computer, but the software may not be used simultaneously on more than one computer unless additional licenses are purchased for each multiple simultaneous use.
3.The original purchaser may make backup copies of the original software for his own use only, subject to the use limitations of this license agreement.
4.The original purchaser may not engage in, or permit third parties to engage in, any of the following:
a.Providing the use of the software in a computer service business, network, or time-sharing use to users who are not individually licensed by Lambda Research Corporation.
b.Making alterations or copies of any kind in the software except as specifically permitted above.
c.Attempting to disassemble, decompile, or reverse engineer the software in any way.
d.Attempting to defeat the hardware key or license manager software.
WARRANTY
Although Lambda Research Corporation has made every effort to ensure that TracePro is technically accurate, Lambda Research makes no representations or warranties of any kind whatsoever, directly or indirectly, with respect to the contents hereof or the software described herein. Lambda Research shall not be liable for errors contained herein or with the software described herein for any incidental or consequential damages caused by, or in connection with, the furnishing, performance, use of, or any inability to use this product.
With respect to the physical CD-ROM, hardware key, and documentation enclosed herein, Lambda Research warrants the same to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of thirty days from the date of purchase. Lambda Research will replace the defective CDROM, key, or documentation within this warranty period upon receipt of the defective product. Lambda Research reserves the right to make changes to the TracePro software or documentation without obligation to notify any person of such revision or change.
TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |
i |
DOCUMENT CONVENTIONS
The following conventions are used throughout the TracePro manual.
Menu items and menu sequences are shown as Define|Edit Property Data|Material Properties. The sequence will be to select the Define Menu, then the Edit Property Data Menu and finally the Material Properties Menu.
Functions available to a certain Edition of TracePro are indicated by the following Edition Icons.
Expert TracePro Expert
Standard TracePro Standard
LC |
TracePro LC |
Text shown in this format is to be typed or viewed in a text editor.
ii |
TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |
CHAPTER 1 |
Introduction |
1 |
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What is TracePro? |
1 |
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Why Solid Modeling? |
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How Does TracePro Implement Solid Modeling? 2 |
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Why Monte Carlo Ray Tracing? 2 |
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The TracePro Graphical User Interface 3 |
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Model Window |
4 |
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Multiple Models in Multiple Views 4 |
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System Tree Window |
5 |
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Context Sensitive Menus 8 |
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User Defaults 9 |
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Objects and Surfaces |
10 |
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Modeless Dialog Boxes |
14 |
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Context Sensitive OnLine Help |
16 |
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Command Line Arguments |
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Increasing Access to RAM on 32-bit Operating Systems 18 |
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Chinese Translations for TracePro Dialogs 18 |
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CHAPTER 2 |
Creating a Solid Model |
1 |
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Introduction to Solid Modeling 1 |
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Model Units |
1 |
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Position and Rotation |
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Defining Primitive Solid Objects |
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Block |
3 |
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Cylinder/Cone |
3 |
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Torus |
4 |
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Sphere |
5 |
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Thin Sheet |
6 |
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Rubberband Primitives |
7 |
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Defining TracePro Solids |
7 |
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Lens Element |
8 |
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Fresnel Lens |
13 |
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Reflector |
15 |
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Tube |
23 |
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Baffle Vane |
23 |
Boolean Operations 25 |
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Moving, Rotating, and Scaling Objects 27 |
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Sweeping and Revolving Surfaces 32 |
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Notes Editor |
33 |
Importing and Exporting Files |
34 |
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Exchanging Files with Other ACIS-based Software 35 |
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Stereo Lithography (*.STL) Files |
36 |
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Additional CAD Translators (Option) |
37 |
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Plot formats for model files 37 |
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Healing Imported Data 38 |
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Reverse Surfaces (and Surface Normal) |
39 |
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Combine 40 |
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Lens Design Files 40 |
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TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |
iii |
Merging Files 41
Inserting Files 42
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Changing the Model View |
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42 |
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Zooming |
43 |
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Panning |
44 |
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Rotating the View |
44 |
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Named Views |
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45 |
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Controlling the Appearance of Objects |
45 |
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Customize and Preferences |
48 |
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Changing Colors |
54 |
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CHAPTER 3 |
Defining Properties |
1 |
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Overview |
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What is a property? 1 |
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Define or Apply Properties |
1 |
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Property Editors |
1 |
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Toolbars and Menus |
3 |
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Command Panel |
3 |
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Information Panel |
4 |
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Grid Panel |
4 |
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Material Properties |
5 |
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Material Catalogs |
5 |
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Material Property Database |
5 |
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Create a new material property |
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Editing an existing material property 7 |
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Exporting a material property |
7 |
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Importing a Material Property |
8 |
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Bulk Absorption |
8 |
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Birefringence |
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9 |
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Bulk Scatter Properties |
9 |
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Bulk Scatter Property Editor |
10 |
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Import/Export |
11 |
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Scatter DLL |
12 |
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Fluorescence Properties |
12 |
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Defining Fluorescence Properties |
13 |
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Fluorescence Calculations |
14 |
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Fluorescence Ray Trace |
15 |
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Surface Source Properties |
17 |
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Surface Source Property Editor |
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17 |
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Create a New Surface Source Property |
18 |
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Edit an Existing Surface Source Property |
19 |
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Export a Surface Source Property |
19 |
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Import a Surface Source Property |
19 |
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Gradient Index Properties |
20 |
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Gradient Index Property Editor |
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20 |
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Create a New Gradient Index Property |
21 |
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Edit an Existing Gradient Index Property 22 |
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Export a Gradient Index Property |
22 |
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Import a Gradient Index Property |
22 |
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Surface Properties 23
iv |
TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |
Using the Surface Property Database |
23 |
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Using the Surface Property Editor |
23 |
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Creating a new surface property |
28 |
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Editing an Existing Surface Property |
28 |
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Exporting a Surface Property |
28 |
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Importing a Surface Property |
29 |
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Surface Property Plot Tab 29 |
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Table BSDF 32 |
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Wire Grid Polarizers 41
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Thin Film Stacks |
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42 |
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Using the Stack Editor |
42 |
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Thin Film Stack Editing Note |
42 |
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RepTile Surfaces |
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45 |
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Overview |
45 |
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Specifying a RepTile surface |
46 |
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RepTile Parameterization |
61 |
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Decentering RepTile Geometry 65 |
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Property Database Tools |
65 |
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Import |
66 |
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Export |
66 |
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CHAPTER 4 |
Applying Properties |
1 |
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Using Properties |
1 |
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Limitations in Pre-Defined Property Data |
1 |
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Applying Property Data |
1 |
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Material Properties |
4 |
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Material Catalogs |
4 |
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Applying Material Properties |
4 |
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Applying Birefringent Material Properties |
5 |
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Bulk Scattering |
6 |
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Fluorescence Properties |
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7 |
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Applying Fluorescence Properties |
8 |
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Gradient Index Properties |
9 |
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Surface Properties |
10 |
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Using the Surface Property Database |
11 |
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Surface Source Properties |
12 |
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Blackbody Surface Sources |
17 |
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Blackbody and Graybody Calculations |
18 |
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Source Spreadsheet 18 |
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Prescription |
20 |
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Color 21 |
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Importance Sampling |
22 |
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Defining Importance Sampling Targets (Manually) 22 |
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Automatic Setup of Importance Sampling |
27 |
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Editing/Deleting Importance Sampling Targets 30 |
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Exit Surface |
31 |
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Predefined irradiance map orientation |
32 |
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Diffraction |
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33 |
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Defining Diffraction in TracePro |
33 |
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TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |
v |
Do I need to Model Diffraction in TracePro? 33
How do I Set Up Diffraction? 34
Using the Raytrace Flag 34
Mueller Matrix 34
Temperature 37
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Class and User Data |
39 |
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RepTile Surfaces |
40 |
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Overview |
40 |
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Specifying a RepTile surface |
40 |
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Temperature Distribution |
55 |
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CHAPTER 5 |
Ray Tracing |
1 |
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Introduction to Ray Tracing |
1 |
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Combining Sources |
1 |
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Managing Sources with the System Tree 1 |
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Managing Sources with the Source/Wavelength Selector 2 |
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Defining Sources |
3 |
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Grid Sources |
3 |
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Surface Sources |
22 |
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File Sources |
22 |
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Orienting and Selecting Sources |
26 |
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Multi-Selecting Sources |
26 |
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Move and Rotate Dialogs |
27 |
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Tracing Rays |
28 |
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Standard (Forward) Raytrace |
28 |
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Reverse Ray Tracing |
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28 |
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Luminance/Radiance Ray Tracing |
30 |
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Raytrace Options |
33 |
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Options 34 |
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Wavelengths |
38 |
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Thresholds |
38 |
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Simulation and Output |
39 |
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Simulation Options for TracePro LC 41 |
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Advanced Options |
42 |
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Progress Dialog |
48 |
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Ray Tracing modes |
48 |
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Analysis Mode 48 |
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Simulation Mode |
49 |
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CHAPTER 6 |
Analysis |
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1 |
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Examining Raytrace Results |
1 |
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Analysis Menu |
1 |
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Display Rays |
1 |
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Ray Drawing Options |
1 |
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Ray Colors |
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2 |
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Irradiance Maps |
4 |
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Luminance/Radiance Maps |
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14 |
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3D Irradiance Plot |
15 |
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vi |
TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |
Candela Plots |
17 |
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Polarization Maps |
32 |
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OPL/Time-of-flight plot 34 |
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Incident Ray Table |
38 |
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Source Files - Binary file format 43 |
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Ray Histories |
44 |
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Ray Sorting |
47 |
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Reports Menu |
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51 |
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Flux Report |
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51 |
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Property Data Report |
52 |
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Raytrace Report |
52 |
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Saving and Restoring a Raytrace |
52 |
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Tools Menu |
53 |
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Audit |
53 |
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Delete Raydata Memory |
53 |
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Collect Volume Flux |
53 |
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View Volume Flux |
55 |
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Simulation File Manager |
58 |
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Irradiance/Illuminance Viewer |
59 |
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Measurement Dialog |
63 |
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CHAPTER 7 |
Technical Reference |
1 |
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Introduction |
1 |
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The Use of Ray Splitting in Monte Carlo Simulation 1 |
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Importance Sampling |
2 |
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Importance Sampling and Random Rays 3 |
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When Do I Need Importance Sampling? 4 |
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How to Choose Importance Sampling Targets 4 |
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Importance Sampling Example |
5 |
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Material Properties |
6 |
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Material Property Database 7 |
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Gradient Index Profile Polynomials |
9 |
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Complex Index of Refraction |
14 |
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Surface Properties |
15 |
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Coincident Surfaces |
15 |
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BSDF |
15 |
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Elliptical BSDF |
19 |
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Calculation of Fresnel coefficients during raytrace 23 |
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Anisotropic Surface Properties |
23 |
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User Defined Surface Properties |
25 |
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Surface Source Properties |
44 |
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Spectral types |
45 |
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Angular Types |
48 |
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Mueller Matrices and Stokes Vectors |
50 |
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Bulk Scattering |
54 |
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Henyey-Greenstein Phase Function |
54 |
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Gegenbauer Phase Function |
55 |
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Scattering Coefficient |
55 |
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Using Bulk Scattering in TracePro |
55 |
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User Defined Bulk Scatter |
56 |
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TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |
vii |
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Non-Uniform Temperature Distributions |
61 |
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Overview 61 |
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Distribution Types |
61 |
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Defining Temperature Distributions 64 |
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Format for Temperature Distribution Storage Files 65 |
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Polynomial Approximations of Temperature Distributions 75 |
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Interpretation of Polar Iso-Candela Plots |
81 |
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Property Import/Export Formats |
84 |
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Material Property Format |
84 |
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Surface Property Format |
85 |
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Stack Property Format |
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88 |
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Gradient Index Property Format |
89 |
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Bulk Scatter Property Format |
95 |
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Fluorescence Property Format |
96 |
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Surface Source Property Format |
97 |
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RepTile Property Format |
99 |
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CHAPTER 8 |
Using the Macro Language |
1 |
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The Scheme Language |
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1 |
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Scheme Editor |
3 |
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Macro Recorder |
5 |
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Macro Command Examples |
7 |
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Running a Macro Command from the Command Line |
7 |
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Running a Scheme Program Stored in a File 8 |
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Scheme Commands |
8 |
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Creating Solids |
8 |
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Create a solid block: 8 |
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Create a solid block named blk1: 8 |
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Create a solid cylinder: 9 |
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Create a solid elliptical cylinder: 9 |
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Create a solid cone: 9 |
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Create a solid elliptical cone: 9 |
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Create a solid torus: 9 |
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Boolean Operations |
10 |
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Boolean subtract |
10 |
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Boolean unite |
10 |
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Boolean intersect |
10 |
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Chamfers and blends |
10 |
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Macro Programs |
10 |
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Accessing TracePro Menu Selections using Scheme |
11 |
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For more information on Scheme |
11 |
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TracePro DDE Interface |
11 |
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Introduction 11 |
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TracePro DDE Server |
12 |
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CHAPTER 9 |
Examples |
1 |
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RepTile Examples 1
viii |
TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |
Aperture Diffraction Example |
22 |
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Applying Importance Sampling to a Diffracting Surface |
26 |
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Volume Flux Calculations Example 29 |
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Sweep Surface Example |
33 |
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Revolve Surface Example |
36 |
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Using Copy with Move/Rotate |
38 |
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Example of Orienting and Selecting Sources |
41 |
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Moving and Rotating the Sources from the Example |
44 |
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Anisotropic Surface Property |
45 |
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Creating an anisotropic surface property in TracePro |
45 |
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Applying an anisotropic surface property to a surface |
46 |
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Elliptical BSDF 47 |
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Creating an Elliptical BSDF property |
47 |
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Applying an elliptical BSDF surface property to a surface |
48 |
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Using TracePro Diffraction Gratings |
50 |
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Using Diffraction Gratings in TracePro |
50 |
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Ray-tracing a Grating Surface Property |
53 |
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Example Using Reverse Ray Tracing |
55 |
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Specifying reverse rays |
56 |
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Example Using Luminance/Radiance Maps |
69 |
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TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |
ix |
x |
TracePro 5.0 User’s Manual |